In 2024, there were four initial public offerings (IPOs) in Germany, compared to three in 2023. The IPOs displayed refer to the EU regulated market (Prime Standard), which is an organized market as well as a legally regulated stock segment where conditions for approval and follow-up obligations are also regulated by the law.

In 2024, the largest initial public offering (IPO) on the German Stock Exchange (Deutsche Börse) was that of Douglas AG, which was valued at nearly one billion euros. The IPOs displayed refer to the EU regulated market (Prime Standard), which is an organized market as well as a legally regulated stock segment where conditions for approval and follow-up obligations are also regulated by the law.

Among the largest IPOs on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 2024, Pentixapharm Holding AG had the worst performance, with its shares falling 41.18 percent since its listing. On the other hand, Springer Nature AG & Co. KGaA saw its shares value increase by approximately nine percent. The graph shows the share price development of the largest IPOs in Germany in 2024.

In 2024, the value of IPOs on the Deutsche Börse was 1.5 billion U.S. dollars. The size of IPOs on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Deutsche Börse) reached a 20-year peak in 2018, then decreased tenfold by 2020. In 2022, Porsche's IPO, the only IPO on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange that year, raised over nine billion euros. The IPOs displayed refer to the EU regulated market (Prime Standard), which is an organized market as well as a legally regulated stock segment where conditions for approval and follow-up obligations are also regulated by the law.

In 2023, there were 763 private biotechnology companies in Germany. There were 21 IPO companies. This was the most companies since 2009.

Pfisterer Holding SE is exploring an IPO in Frankfurt to capitalize on Germany's booming electrical insulator exports. Potential valuation: EUR500 million.

More IPOs in Germany were financed by private equity in 2021 than in previous years. In 2021, a total of 14 IPOs in Germany were private equity-financed, up from four in the previous year. However, IPOs not funded by private equity have historically outnumbered those fueled by private equity. In 2023, there were no IPOs on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, which private-equity financed.

This statistic displays the value (in billion US dollar) of domestic Initial public offerings (IPOs) in Germany from 2015 to 2019, with the forecast thereof until 2022. Initial public offerings (IPOs) in Germany had a value of 6.7 billion US dollars in 2015, which was forecasted to decrease overall with fluctuation to an estimated value of 3.5 billion US dollars by 2022.

From the first quarter of 2019 to the last quarter of 2021, the German Stock Exchange (Deutsche Börse) IPO scene was dominated by the consumer discretionary sector in terms of the largest value of proceeds. IPO proceeds in this sector amounted to approximately 4.4 billion U.S. dollars. This was followed by the technology sector, with approximately four billion U.S. dollars in proceeds of IPOs. The industry sector completed the top three, with an IPO proceeds value of approximately 2.7 billion U.S. dollars.

Overview The dataset includes data collected during the ATMO-ACCESS Trans-National Access project "Industrial Pollution Sensing with synergic techniques (IPOS TNA)" that has been conducted from June 8 to June 24, 2024 at the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR, 51°58'03''N, 4°55'47"E, 3 m.a.s.l.) of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). The IPOS TNA was supporting the 3rd Intercomparison Campaign of UV-VIS DOAS Instruments (CINDI-3).The observations were taken with use of three instruments:ESA Mobile Raman Lidar (EMORAL). Lidar emits pulses at fixed wavelengths (355, 532 and 1064 nm), simultaneously with the pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz and pulse duration of 5-7 ns. The backward scattered laser pulses are detected at 5 Mie narrow-band channels (355p,s 532p,s and 1064 nm) and 3 Raman narrow-band channels (for N2 at 387, 607 nm and H2O at 408nm) as well as broad-band fluorescence channel (470 nm). The temporal resolution was set at 1 min and and spatial resolution to 3.75 m. The overlap between the laser beam and the full field of view of the telescope was at ~250 m a.g.l. EMORAL lidar is a state-of-the-art lidar system developed through a collaborative effort involving the University of Warsaw (UW, Poland; leader and operator), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU, Germany), National Observatory of Athens (NOA, Greece), Poznan University of Life Sciences (PULS, Poland), and companies Raymetrics (Greece; core manufacturer), Licel (Germany), and InnoLas Laser (Germany). This complex instrument, part of ESA’s Opto-Electronics section (TEC-MME) at the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA-ESTEC, The Netherlands), is designed to perform precise atmospheric measurements. EMORAL lidar was validated by the ACTRIS Centre for Aerosol Remote Sensing (CARS) at the Măgurele Center for Atmosphere and Radiation Studies (MARS) of National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics (INOE, Romania).PM counter GrayWolf PC-3500, GRAYWOLF Graywolf Sensing Solutions (USA) https://graywolfsensing.com/wp-content/pdf/GrayWolfPC-3500Brochure-818.pdf (last access 25/2/2025)Model 540 Microtops II® Sunphotometer, Solar Light Company, LLC (USA) https://www.solarlight.com/product/microtops-ii-sunphotometer (last access 25/2/2025)The dataset contain following items:1) EMORAL lidar data files The data contain of two files LiLi_IPOS.zip and LiLi_IPOS_quicklooks.zip. Both are described in detail below.The LiLi_IPOS.zip file is a folder that contains the high-resolution data obtained using the Lidar, Radar, Microwave radiometer algorithm (LiRaMi; more in Wang et al., 2020). The results were obtained only from the lidar data (referred to as Limited LiRaMi, i.e. LiLi algorithm version). The folder contains files in netcdf4 format for each day of observations. The data products are calculated from the analog channels only.Each of the .nc file has a structure, which contains Variables:Location (string)Latitude (size: 1x1 [deg])Longitude (size: 1x1 [deg])Altitude (size: 1x1 [m a.g.l.])time vector (size: 1 x time, [UTC])range vector (size: range x 1, [m])RCS532p matrix (size: range x time, [V m2]), which contains the data of the range-corrected signal at 532nm, parallel polarizationRCS532s matrix (size: range x time, [V m2]), which contains the data of the range-corrected signal at 532nm, perpendicular polarizationRCS1064 matrix (size: range x time, [V m2]), which contains the data of the range-corrected signal at 1064nmSR532 matrix (size: range x time, [unitless]), which contains the data of the scattering ratio at 532nmATT_BETA532 matrix (size: range x time, [m2/sr]), which contains the data of the attenuated backscatter coefficient at 532nm, parallel polarizationC532 constant (size: 1x1, [V sr]), which is the instrumental factor for 532nmSR1064 matrix (size: range x time, [au]), which contains the data of the scattering ratio at 1064nmATT_BETA1064 matrix (size: range x time, [m2/sr]), which contains the data of the attenuated backscatter coefficient at 1064nmC1064 constant (size: 1x1, [V sr]), which is the instrumental factor for 1064nmCOLOR_RATIO matrix (size: range x time, [au]), which contains the data of color ratio of 532nm and 1064nm.PARTICLE_DEPOLARIZATIO_RATIO matrix (size: range x time, [au]), which contains the data of particle depolarization ratio at 532nmC constant (size: 1x1, [au]), which is the depolarization constant for 532nm.The LiLi_IPOS_quicklooks.zip file contains high-resolution figures representing the data in the form of quicklooks of following parameters:Range-corrected signal at 1064nmScattering ratio at 532nmColor ratio of 532 and 1064nmParticle depolarization ratio at 532nmAerosol target classification from LiLi algorithmWang, D., Stachlewska, I. S., Delanoë, J., Ene, D., Song, X., and Schüttemeyer D., (2020). Spatio-temporal discrimination of molecular, aerosol and cloud scattering and polarization using a combination of a Raman lidar, Doppler cloud radar and microwave radiometer, Opt. Express 28, 20117-20134 (2020).2) PM counterThe PM_counter.zip file contains a folder with data from measurements of atmospheric particulate matter collected using the GrayWolf PC-3500 particle counter from June 15 (16:16:21 CEST) to June 20 (07:06:21 CEST), 2024, at the CESAR station (51°58'04.0"N, 4°55'46.4"E). The data were processed using WolfSense PC software for validation and analysis. The final dataset, provided in XLSX format, includes temporal evaluation in particle concentration from 0.3 to 10.0 µm (6 size ranges). The data is divided into three levels:[1] Level 0: Raw data in XLSX format with measurement data in 4 units (µg/m3, cnts/m3, cnts dif, cnts cum).File structure:Line 1: headers describing columns,Line 2-6646: concentration of PM,Column 1: date and time in format DD-MMM-YY HH:MM:SS AM/PM,Column 2-7: concentration of specific PM values: 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 µm, respectively,Column 8: Temperature,Column 9: Carbon Dioxide (CO2),Column 10: Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC),Column 11: pressure in measuring chamber,Missing data (Column 8-10) represented as zero value (0).[2] Level 1: Tables with validated data in 4 units (µg/m3, cnts/m3, cnts dif, cnts cum) in XLSX format.File structure:Line 1: headers describing columns,Line 2-6646: concentration of PM,Column 1: date and time in format DD-MMM-YY HH:MM:SS AM/PM,Column 2-7: concentration of specific PM values: 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 µm, respectively,Column 8: pressure in measuring chamber,Column 9: assembly method, where: [1] measurement at a height of 60 cm during rain (instrument protected by the table), [2] measurement at a height of 160 cm when there is no rain.[3] Level 2: Tables with post-processed data in XLSX format, and graphs in PNG format visualizing the received data.XLSX file structure:PM counter - level 2 (daily average concentrations), PM counter - level 2 (hourly average concentrations) sheets: structure of columns same as in level 1.PM counter - level 2 (data comparison) sheet: Column 1 - Date in format DD.MM.YYYY; Column 2 - PM2.5 concentration measured within IPOS; Column 3 - PM10.0 concentration measured within IPOS; Column 4 - PM2.5 concentration measured at Cabauw-Wielsekade (RIVM), Column 5 - PM10.0 concentration measured Cabauw-Wielsekade (RIVM).General information for all level files:Decimal separator: coma (,).3) SunphotometerThe MICROTOPS_IPOS.zip file is a folder that contains data from measurements of aerosol optical thickness at wavelengths 380, 500, 675, 870, and 1020 nm done with Microtops II hand-held sunphotometer. The final, quality assured dataset, provided in XLSX format, consists of measurement data for: temperature, pressure, solar zenith angle, signal strength at different wavelengths (340, 380, 500, 936, 1020 nm), standard deviation at specific wavelengths, ratio between signals at two different wavelengths (340/380, 380/500, 500/936, 936/1020), and atmospheric optical thickness at different wavelengths.During the IPOS TNA campaign, in total 29 measurements were taken. Each measurement is composed of 6 scans, whereas the first one is a dark scan. The days when a measurement took place were: 13, 23, 24, and 25 of June 2024. Level 0 of data means raw data converted from dbf to xslx format file. Level 1 of data mean raw data converted from dbf to xslx file format, without the dark scans.Files structure:Line 1: Headers describing columns,Column 1: Serial number of the instrumentColumn 2-3: Date and Time in format YYYY-MM-DD; HH:MM:SS,Column 4-8: Data desciprtion of the camapign; Location (decimal); Latitude; Longitude (decimal), AltitudeColumn 9-14: Atmospheric Pressure; Solar Zenith Angle; Air Mass; Standard Deviation Correction; Temperature; ID of the measurement, Column 15-24: Signal strength at specific wavelength and Standard Deviation,Column 25-28: Ratio between signals at two different wavelengths,Column 29-33: Atmospheric Optical Thickness,Column 34-39: Columnar Water Vapour and Natural Logarithm of Voltage,Column 40-47: Calibration coefficients,Column 48-49: Pressure offset and Pressure scale factor,READ ME sheet: Describing the file content and measurement location.4) readme fileATTENTION:We offer a free access to this dataset. The user is however encouraged to share the information on the data use by sending an e-mail to rslab@fuw.edu.plIn the case this dataset is used for a scientific communication (publication, conference contribution, thesis) we would like to kindly ask for considering to acknowledge data provision by citing this dataset.------------------------------------PI of IPOS TNA Iwona Stachlewska and IPOS team members Maciej Karasewicz, Anna Abramowicz, Kinga Wiśniewska, Zuzanna Rykowska, and Afwan Hafiz acknowledge that the published dataset was prepared within the Trans-National Access grant (IPOS TNA no. ATMO-TNA-7-0000000056) within the ATMO-ACCESS grant financed by European Commission Horizon 2020 program (G.A.

The global Securities Exchanges Market, valued at $64.40 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12.1% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Increased regulatory scrutiny and a growing focus on transparency are pushing more companies towards listing on established exchanges, fostering market growth. Furthermore, technological advancements, including the rise of high-frequency trading and sophisticated trading platforms, are enhancing efficiency and attracting a wider range of participants. The expanding global economy and increasing participation from emerging markets further contribute to the market's upward trajectory. The market is segmented by service type, encompassing market platforms, capital access platforms, and others. Market platforms, providing core trading infrastructure and services, dominate the landscape. Capital access platforms, facilitating initial public offerings (IPOs) and other funding mechanisms, are experiencing significant growth driven by the need for capital in a dynamic business environment. Geographical distribution reveals strong performance in regions like North America and APAC, with China and the US acting as key contributors. Europe also holds a significant market share, driven by robust economies and established financial infrastructure. While regulatory changes present certain challenges, the overall market outlook remains positive, promising continued growth and expansion in the coming years. Competition within the securities exchange market is intense, with established players like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Nasdaq, and the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) vying for market share alongside regional players. The success of these exchanges depends on their ability to adapt to evolving technological trends and maintain investor confidence. Future growth will likely be shaped by the integration of fintech innovations, the expansion into new asset classes (e.g., cryptocurrencies), and the increasing demand for sustainable and responsible investing. The consolidation trend in the industry might also accelerate, with mergers and acquisitions playing a significant role in shaping the competitive landscape. Factors such as geopolitical instability and economic downturns could pose short-term risks, but the long-term prospects for the securities exchanges market remain compelling.

2024 war erneut ein eher mäßiges IPO-Jahr in Deutschland, lediglich vier Unternehmen wagten hierzulande den Gang an die Börse. Das ist zwar eins mehr als im Vorjahr, aber deutlich weniger als der langjährige Mittelwert seit 1990 von 22 Börsengängen.Abgebildet werden die Börsengänge im regulierten Markt² (Prime Standard).Der regulierte Markt (auch EU-regulierter Markt) ist ein organisierter Markt sowie ein gesetzlich geregeltes Börsensegment, dessen Zulassungsvoraussetzungen und Folgepflichten entgegen dem börsenregulierten Freiverkehr gesetzlich geregelt sind.Unter einem Börsengang (engl. initial public offering, abgekürzt IPO) versteht man das erstmalige Angebot der Aktien eines Unternehmens auf dem organisierten Kapitalmarkt.

As of April 2020, the United Kingdom was home to 27 unicorns, whereas only 15 were headquartered in Germany. These two countries accounted for over half of the 69 unicorns headquartered in Europe. A unicorn is a privately held company worth one billion U.S. dollars or more. Note that the figures provided here are based on unicorns that did not go public via an IPO and were not at some point acquired by another company.

Invoice automation software received several investments in recent years, with AvidXchange having had over three times more money than Bill.com before its IPO. Software solutions to automate processes surrounding accounts payable and receivable - like processing large volumes of invoices or managing financial transactions from one company to its suppliers - is increasingly seen as one of the more urgent aspects of digital B2B payments. This became especially prevalent in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, as many companies were suddenly unable to pay their bills on time. In Germany, for instance, the average number of days before a B2B transactions was settled in Germany grew from 22 days in 2019 to more than three months in 2020 - a figure substantially higher than the average number of days for a B2B payment in other European countries.