The share of GDP expenditure on research and development in Germany was **** percent in 2023. Between 1981 and 2023, the share rose by **** percentage points, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend.

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Germany was reported at 3.1324 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Germany - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

This statistic shows the expenditure for research and development in listed and private biotechnology companies in Germany from 2009 to 2023. In 2023, around *** million euros were spent on research and development in listed biotechnology companies.

Forecast: Business-Financed Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D in Germany 2023 - 2027 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Forecast: R&D Expenditure in Germany 2024 - 2028 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

In 2022, German automobile manufacturers invested a total of around ***** billion euros in research and development (R&D) in Germany. This represents an increase of around ****** percent compared to the previous year. Generally, the expenses for research and development have increased annually since 2011, but declined slightly in 2013 and 2020. However, figures increased again sharply in the following year and peaked in 2023.

Germany DE: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 3.132 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.129 % for 2021. Germany DE: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.730 % from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2022, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.167 % in 2019 and a record low of 2.145 % in 1996. Germany DE: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Governance: Technology and Innovation. Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

Germany DE: Defence Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data was reported at 4.219 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.303 % for 2022. Germany DE: Defence Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data is updated yearly, averaging 6.524 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.473 % in 1990 and a record low of 2.680 % in 2016. Germany DE: Defence Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.

Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.

From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.

The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.

In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.

For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.

This statistic illustrates the amount of money spent by German mechanical engineering companies on research and development between 2007 and 2016. With the exception of 2009 and 2015, every year has seen an increase in expenditure on the previous year's figure.

Germany DE: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data was reported at 121,435.551 EUR mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 113,183.578 EUR mn for 2021. Germany DE: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 52,893.507 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 121,435.551 EUR mn in 2022 and a record low of 19,419.377 EUR mn in 1981. Germany DE: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.

Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.

From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.

The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.

In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.

For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.

This statistic presents the research and development expenditure from biotechnology companies in Germany from 2008 to 2023. In 2023, the expenditure on research and development amounted to some over three billion euros, the highest amount in the provided time interval.

Forecast: Government Expenditure on R&D in Germany 2023 - 2027 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Germany DE: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data was reported at 22,395.000 EUR mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 22,007.356 EUR mn for 2022. Germany DE: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 9,219.223 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22,395.000 EUR mn in 2023 and a record low of 3,313.171 EUR mn in 1981. Germany DE: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.

Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.

From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.

The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.

In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.

For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.

Germany DE: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 1.933 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.935 % for 2020. Germany DE: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.635 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.014 % in 2018 and a record low of 1.274 % in 1996. Germany DE: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.

Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.

From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.

The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.

In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.

For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.

Germany DE: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data was reported at 15,770.000 EUR mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 14,697.104 EUR mn for 2022. Germany DE: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 7,307.400 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,761.071 EUR mn in 2021 and a record low of 2,609.429 EUR mn in 1981. Germany DE: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.

Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.

From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.

The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.

In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.

For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.

Germany Auto Industry: Internal Expenditure on Research & Development data was reported at 28,746.000 EUR mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 26,011.000 EUR mn for 2021. Germany Auto Industry: Internal Expenditure on Research & Development data is updated yearly, averaging 23,153.000 EUR mn from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2022, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28,746.000 EUR mn in 2022 and a record low of 15,771.000 EUR mn in 2011. Germany Auto Industry: Internal Expenditure on Research & Development data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.RA001: Auto Industry Statistics.

In 2023, Boehringer Sohn was the pharmaceutical company that put the most money into research and development, at around *** billion euros. Bayer spent roughly *** billion euros.

Germany DE: Renewable Energy Public RD&D Budget: % of Total Energy Public RD&D data was reported at 16.510 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 20.490 % for 2021. Germany DE: Renewable Energy Public RD&D Budget: % of Total Energy Public RD&D data is updated yearly, averaging 24.100 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 37.230 % in 1999 and a record low of 15.340 % in 2004. Germany DE: Renewable Energy Public RD&D Budget: % of Total Energy Public RD&D data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.GGI: Governance: Research and Development Expenditure: OECD Member: Annual.

Germany DE: GOVERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.377 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.372 % for 2022. Germany DE: GOVERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.338 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.456 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.315 % in 1982. Germany DE: GOVERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.

Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.

From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.

The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.

In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.

For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.

Germany DE: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data was reported at 2.800 % in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.755 % for 2013. Germany DE: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.370 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2014, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.800 % in 2014 and a record low of 2.048 % in 1994. Germany DE: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.

Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.

From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.

The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.

In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.

For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.