In 2023, Germany did the most trade with China, almost ***** billion euros worth. The USA and the Netherlands followed in second and third place. The value of trade with the listed countries refers to both imports and exports.

Germany's total Exports in 2024 were valued at US$1.69 Trillion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Germany's main export partners were: the United States, France and the Netherlands. The top three export commodities were: Vehicles other than railway, tramway; Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers and Electrical, electronic equipment. Total Imports were valued at US$1.43 Trillion. In 2024, Germany had a trade surplus of US$258.07 Billion.

Throughout the early 20th century, Germany and Japan were both among the largest trading partners of the United States. Although the United States would declare war on Germany twice and on Japan once during this time, at which points trade would virtually cease, trade ties were fairly strong in the years without war. Values were highest in the 1920s, before global trade fell in the 1930s due to the impact of the Great Depression. All three countries were severely hit by the Depression, however the decline in trade was compounded by rising tensions between the U.S. and the new far-right governments of both Germany and Japan. After the war, U.S. investment in both nations increased significantly, helping with their post-war recovery and giving the U.S. a strong level of influence over its former adversaries - West Germany and Japan would then emerge as the two largest economies in their respective regions during the post-World War II economic boom.

Between 1933 and 1939, Germany expanded and strengthened its trade connections with a number of Eastern European countries to a point where their economic expansion became dependent on trade with Germany, making it the dominant economic power in the region. By 1939, the year the Second World War began in Europe, Germany was the largest trading partner of the four countries listed; this was also true of Czechoslovakia in 1937, Poland in 1938, and the Soviet Union in 1940, although the share of total exports to Germany from these countries was lower. German influence increases in the Second World War To consolidate its power in the region, Germany exported its high-quality industrial products to these countries and paid above-market prices to import raw materials and agricultural produce. Following the outbreak of the war, Germany invested more into the farming sectors of the four countries listed, to the point where they were economically subordinate and considered satellite extensions of the German economy. The demand for agricultural imports from these countries impeded their industrialization and prevented them from developing their industries that could compete with Germany. Three of the countries listed would side with the Axis powers as the war escalated. At the same time, Yugoslavia was quickly annexed, and a puppet government was installed, continuing the agricultural supply to Germany. Post-war difficulties Following the war, the four listed countries eventually fell within the Soviet sphere of influence (though Yugoslavia to a lesser extent than the other three), and the dominance of agricultural sectors led to difficulties, as new communist governments attempted to take their economies in a more industrialized direction. The socialist economic systems required the agricultural means of production to be publicly owned (collectivized); however, many rural landowners were unwilling to part from their land; especially in Bulgaria. These factors exacerbated the delaying effect that Germany had had on these countries' industrialization in the 1930s, contributing to the economic imbalances that emerged between Europe's Eastern and Western Blocs in the decades that followed.

Exports in Germany increased to 130.50 EUR Billion in June from 129.50 EUR Billion in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Germany Exports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Germany's total Imports in 2024 were valued at US$1.43 Trillion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Germany's main import partners were: China, the Netherlands and the United States. The top three import commodities were: Electrical, electronic equipment; Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers and Vehicles other than railway, tramway. Total Exports were valued at US$1.69 Trillion. In 2024, Germany had a trade surplus of US$258.07 Billion.

In 2023, Germany exported *** percent of its goods to the United States. France and the Netherlands were ranked in second and third place, with Germany exporting *** and *** percent of its goods to each country respectively.

Top Import Trading Partners of Germany with import value and Year on Year growth comparison

The study deals with the changes in the regional structure of Germany’s foreign trade as well as with the causes of these changes between 1880 and 1938. In this context the regional development of german import and export by continents, regions and counties for the major German tradepartners is described. After that the regional development of the trade flows of all major import- and exportproducts is analysed. The German foreign trade therefore is examined on the basis of the goods on the one hand and on the other on the basis of the countries. For the analysis the researcher collected the data (time series) for the important goods and commodity groups. Further more he developed a consistent definition of the commodity groups, so that they are comparable.
Mehtodology a) Definition and Problem:The following processes hab been defined as structural change:- fundamental shifts in the composition of foreign trade partners, as well as- meaningful and sustained change of direction or volume of important commodities and products that affect the trade with countries or regions. b) Temporal Delimination:Period of investigation is from 1880 to 1938. The statistics for the war years 1914-1918 and 1939 and for the post-war years 1919-1924 have not been included in the analysis because values were not covered or values are very incomplete or unreliable coused by inflation and other circumstances of that period. c) Changes of Territory:The data of the German trade statistics refer from 1880 to February 1906 to the German custom territory, which comprised since 1872 the territory of the German Customs Union, consisting of the 26 states, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Austrian municipalities Jungholz and Mittelberg. The free port areas of Hamburg, Bremerhaven, Geestermünde and Helgoland and parts of the municipality of Hamburg and Cuxhaven did not belong to the German custum territory.Since March 1906 the german trade statistics collected data of the foreign merchandise traffic of the entire German economic area, consists until the Versailler contract of the area of the German Empire including the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Austrian municipalities Jungholz and Mittelberg, excluding Helgoland and the badenese Custum boards. Since 1920 the official trade statistics reports the values of the foreign trade for the German Empire in its new borders. That is to say, the regions of Alsace-Lorraine, the Free City of Danzig, and parts of the Prussian provinces of East Prussia, West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia, Posen, Schleswig-Holstein, the Rhine province, the territory of Luxembourg and for the years 1919 to 1935, the Saarland no longer belong to the German economic territory. The expansion of the German Empire territory between 1938 and 1939 by the annexation of Austria, Sudetenland, Bohemia, Moravia, and the Memel territory has been kept out of consideration. For the analysis of the German foreign trade the values of german imports and exports published by the Statistical Office of the German Empire has been used. While comparing the pre-1914 values with values after the first World War, it is important to reconsider the lost of major agricultural areas of East-Germany, which restricts the comparison and it’s explanatory power or validity. On the other hand these changes reveals the changes of Germany’s foreign trade structure. Thus, it becomes obvious how the separation of large agricultural and farming land increased Germany’s import dependency in the food sector as well as Germany’s decreased export opportunities of agricultural products. d) System of commodity groups: The problem of published German trade values of the Official Statistics of the German Empire is, that commodity groups are not defined in terms of their content. Insofar as the information is about single goods (eg.: rye, copper, cotton, etc.), the values are reliable. This is not the case as soon as the information is about commodity groups, such as ‘food’, ‘textiles’, ‘metal goods’, etc., because the structure of the aggregation of specific goods to a commodity group has changed six times over the period of investigation. The list of countries in the german foreign trade statistics has changed as well. Therfore, the author had to revised commodity groups and country lists for the purpose of its analysis and to make them comparable. The author developed the following scheme in order to sort countries into groups or regions: - Europe:Denmarc, Norway, Sweden, Finnland = North EuropeNetherlands, Belgium/Luxembuorg, Great Britain, France, Swizerland = West EuropeJugoslawia, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greek, european and asiatic Turkey = South-East EuropePortugal, Spane, Italy = South EuropePoland, Tschechoslowakia, Russia, Baltic States = East EuropAustria-Hungary - America:Canada, United States of America = North-AmericaMexico, Costarica, Duba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Haiti, El Salvador = Ce...

This statistic shows the main export partners of Germany as of 2023. That year, Germany's main export partner were the United States with a 10 percent share in Germany's total exports.

Poland Exports: Year to Date: Germany data was reported at 64,400.000 PLN mn in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 31,844.456 PLN mn for Jan 2025. Poland Exports: Year to Date: Germany data is updated monthly, averaging 74,818.245 PLN mn from Dec 1999 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 289 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 450,896.143 PLN mn in Dec 2022 and a record low of 6,058.155 PLN mn in Jan 2004. Poland Exports: Year to Date: Germany data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Poland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.JA002: Trade Statistics: ytd: by Main Trade Partner.

Germany - Nominal effective exchange rate (42 trading partners) was 4.30% for December of 2025, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Germany - Nominal effective exchange rate (42 trading partners) - last updated from the EUROSTAT on August of 2025. Historically, Germany - Nominal effective exchange rate (42 trading partners) reached a record high of 11.70% in December of 2004 and a record low of -6.50% in December of 2012.

In 2023, the value of German imports from China totaled around ***** billion euros. Therefore, China was Germany's largest trading partner in terms of import value, followed by the Netherlands with a value of almost *** billion euros and the United States with a value of almost ** billion euros of imports. However, when it comes to the value of exported goods from Germany, the United States lead the ranking.

Exports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Forestry & Logging data was reported at 0.023 USD mn in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.075 USD mn for Jan 2025. Exports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Forestry & Logging data is updated monthly, averaging 0.059 USD mn from Jan 1997 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 298 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.765 USD mn in Aug 2002 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Nov 2015. Exports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Forestry & Logging data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Division: Exports: Value.

Imports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Printing & Reproduction of Recorded Media data was reported at 0.053 USD mn in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.081 USD mn for Jan 2025. Imports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Printing & Reproduction of Recorded Media data is updated monthly, averaging 0.054 USD mn from Jan 1997 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 338 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.344 USD mn in Mar 2012 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in May 2004. Imports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Printing & Reproduction of Recorded Media data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Division: Imports: Value.

Imports: ISIC Division: Vol: Germany: Other Mining & Quarrying data was reported at 500,408.000 kg in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 562,953.000 kg for Jan 2025. Imports: ISIC Division: Vol: Germany: Other Mining & Quarrying data is updated monthly, averaging 335,625.500 kg from Jan 1997 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 338 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,069,879.000 kg in Aug 1999 and a record low of 38,407.000 kg in Jan 1999. Imports: ISIC Division: Vol: Germany: Other Mining & Quarrying data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Division: Imports: Volume.

Exports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Manufacture of Food Products data was reported at 84.952 USD mn in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 37.668 USD mn for Jan 2025. Exports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Manufacture of Food Products data is updated monthly, averaging 59.665 USD mn from Jan 1997 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 338 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 190.833 USD mn in May 2022 and a record low of 8.915 USD mn in Apr 1997. Exports: ISIC Division: fob: Germany: Manufacture of Food Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Division: Exports: Value.

In 2023, Germany imported around ***** billion euros worth of goods from China. This was a decrease compared to 2022, which showed the ******* value within this time period, at almost *** billion euros worth of imported goods. Germany also exported around ** billion euros worth of goods to China, which was a decrease of almost nine percent compared to 2022. The volume of all imports and exports between Germany and China has therefore fallen by more than ** percent in 2023 compared to the previous year. Nevertheless, China is still, and has been since 2026, Germany's ************** foreign trade partner in terms of total foreign trade volume.

Germany, the United States, and France were the three biggest export markets for exporters from European Union member states, as of 2022. Over the two decades from 2002 to 2022, Germany, Poland, China, and the rest of the EU grew substantially as export markets, with China and Poland both more than doubling their shares of total EU exports. On the other hand, the UK was the fastest declining export market, as its share of EU exports sank from approximately 9.5 percent to less than 5 percent in 2022.

Imports: ISIC Division: Vol: Germany: Other Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities data was reported at 0.000 kg in Aug 2024. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 kg for Dec 2023. Imports: ISIC Division: Vol: Germany: Other Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities data is updated monthly, averaging 97.000 kg from Jan 1997 (Median) to Aug 2024, with 155 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,434.000 kg in Dec 2003 and a record low of 0.000 kg in Aug 2024. Imports: ISIC Division: Vol: Germany: Other Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.ISIC: Main Trading Partners: Division: Imports: Volume.