Germany DE: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data was reported at 32.400 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 31.800 % for 2019. Germany DE: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data is updated yearly, averaging 30.350 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2020, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.400 % in 2020 and a record low of 28.000 % in 1996. Germany DE: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Germany DE: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data was reported at 40.000 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 39.500 % for 2019. Germany DE: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 38.600 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2020, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 40.000 % in 2020 and a record low of 36.800 % in 1996. Germany DE: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Germany DE: Income Share Held by Highest 10% data was reported at 25.000 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 24.700 % for 2019. Germany DE: Income Share Held by Highest 10% data is updated yearly, averaging 23.650 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2020, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.000 % in 2020 and a record low of 22.000 % in 1998. Germany DE: Income Share Held by Highest 10% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

The Gini coefficient is defined as the relationship of cumulative shares of the population arranged according to the level of equivalised disposable income, to the cumulative share of the equivalised total disposable income received by them.

The global gender gap index benchmarks national gender gaps on economic, political, education, and health-based criteria. In 2025, the country offering the most gender equal conditions was Iceland, with a score of 0.93. Overall, the Nordic countries make up 3 of the 5 most gender equal countries worldwide. The Nordic countries are known for their high levels of gender equality, including high female employment rates and evenly divided parental leave. Sudan is the second-least gender equal country Pakistan is found on the other end of the scale, ranked as the least gender equal country in the world. Conditions for civilians in the North African country have worsened significantly after a civil war broke out in April 2023. Especially girls and women are suffering and have become victims of sexual violence. Moreover, nearly 9 million people are estimated to be at acute risk of famine. The Middle East and North Africa have the largest gender gap Looking at the different world regions, the Middle East and North Africa have the largest gender gap as of 2023, just ahead of South Asia. Moreover, it is estimated that it will take another 152 years before the gender gap in the Middle East and North Africa is closed. On the other hand, Europe has the lowest gender gap in the world.

Iceland had the highest inequality-adjusted education index score worldwide, amounting to **** out of one on the index. Germany followed with an index score of ****. The inequality-adjusted education index is the education index in the Human Development Index adjusted for inequality.

Follow-up survey at an interval of five years with the same major topics: 1. The social and occupational situation of the respondent and his relatives, 2. The attitudes to social inequality, 3. The financial situation and attitudes to income questions and 4. Political attitudes and concepts of justice. Topics: 1. Social and occupational situation: housing conditions; number of persons in the household; sex, age and family relation of all persons living in the household; number of persons employed in the household; employment and employer of respondent; occupation; exact description of occupational activity; type and size of company; supervisor status and span of control; duration of employment in this company; unemployment in the last 10 years; type and year of highest school degree; occupational training; marital status; partnership; type and year of school degree of partner; occupational training of partner; employment of partner; type of company of partner; occupational position of partner; exact description of occupational activity of partner; time of start of possible unemployment; employment of father in youth of respondent or reason for non-employment and occupational position of father as well as exact description of the occupation (social origins); earlier employer; length of earlier employment and type of company; occupational position in this earlier employment and exact description of this activity; religious denomination; frequency of church attendance; solidarity with the religious community; union membership of respondent and persons in the household; solidarity with trade unions; In Germany: place of residence before 1989, place of birth, length of residence and previous place of residence, each differentiated according to East and West. 2. Attitudes to social inequality: self-assessment on a class scale as well as a top-bottom scale (in Germany: also before 1989); assessment of the proportion of poor and rich people in one's country (in Germany: assessment of the proportion for East and West respectively); expected development of the relationship and perceived reasons for the presence of poor and rich in the country (scale); estimated reasons for injustices personally experienced (scale; in Eastern Germany: differentiated before the turning point 1989 and after the turning point 1989); attitude to achievement-based income differences (scale); preferred criteria for establishing salary payments (scale); current actual criteria for payment in effect (scale); attitude to the role of the state and to privatization. 3. Financial situation and attitudes to income questions: current and future satisfaction with income, employment, the standard of living, the political system of the country and with life in general (scale; in Germany: satisfaction before 1989); sources of income of household; number of persons contributing to household income; monthly household income; comparison of the financial situation of the household with the time year ago, before 1989 and in three years; assessment, whether current monthly household income is suitable for personal needs; assessment of monthly household income necessary; personal monthly income from employment; assessment whether the payment of one's own work is appropriate; level of a fair personal income; comparison of personal income with the country average, with persons with the same training and with persons with similar occupation (in Germany: with training and occupation each comparison with personal part of the country, East or West); estimate of monthly income of a board chairman of a large business and an unskilled worker, judgement on these incomes (scales) and recommendation for an appropriate monthly income for a board chairman and for an unskilled worker; judgement on the extent of income differences between occupations in the country (in Germany: separate questions for East and West). 4. Political attitudes and concepts of justice: behavior at the polls in the last political election; party preference (Sunday question); party inclination; interest in politics (scale); participation in political protest actions and political participation; functioning of democracy in the country and effectiveness of politics; trust in the government; assessment whether the activity of the government serves the public good; self-assessment on a left-right continuum; assessment of the opportunities actually available and achievement orientation in the country; attitude to ...

The German Internet Panel (GIP) is an infrastructure project. The GIP serves to collect data on individual attitudes and preferences that are relevant for political and economic decision-making processes. The questionnaire contains numerous experimental variations in the survey instruments. Further information can be found in the study documentation.

New technology usage: Internet and Smartphone. Opinion on the topics technology and Internet. Political attitudes. Topics: New technologies: frequency of Internet usage at home or at work; Non-users: reasons for non-use of the Internet; most important reason for non-use of the Internet; Internet users: devices for Internet usage; Internet device most frequent; Smartphone usage: phone location while using the Internet; phone display orientation and phone handling; types of Internet activities; opinion on technology: technology trying is good; technology at home stay up-to-date; opinion on Internet: Internet simplifies life; simplifies communication between people; easy navigation; personal problem-solving skills regarding the devices used; demands for anonymous opinion on the Internet; legitimate concerns about the security of credit card when paying on the Internet; Internet as a threat to privacy; difficulties in deleting self-published information; trust in the quality of products on the Internet; trust in the quality of news on the Internet; Internet destroys regional jobs; surveillance threatens privacy.

Political attitudes: trust in the actions of the federal government; opinion on tax wastage; economic left right placement; party preference (Sunday question); opinion on tax competition between states; opinion on international coordination; opinion on the general tax load in Germany; main reasons for taxation (financing state tasks, redistribution of income, contributing to society - ranking); main consequences of an increase in the tax on corporate profits (higher consumer prices, lower wages of employees, dismissal of employees, lower corporate profits - ranking); satisfaction with democracy; expected role of Andrea Nahles as future party leader of the SPD; assessment of the competence of Andrea Nahles as chair of the SPD; role of Martin Schulz as former party leader of the SPD; assessment of the competence of Martin Schulz as chair of the SPD.

Experiment on the taxation of corporate profits in three hypothetical countries with selected political and economic framework conditions (attributes: The level of national debt, inequality of income, size of the country, tax policy of neighbouring countries, integration into world trade and possibilities for companies to transfer profits abroad) with various questions: Level of taxation of corporate profits; proportion of profits that companies are expected to pay to the state as taxes (in percent); higher taxation of corporate profits vs. wages and salaries; use for stronger international cooperation in the taxation of corporate profits; priority level of the aforementioned attributes (level of national debt, inequality of income, size of the country, tax policy of neighbouring countries, integration into world trade and possibilities for the company to transfer profits abroad) for personal decision in the previous scenarios.

Demography (variables added): sex; age (year of birth categories); highest educational degree; highest professional qualification; marital status; number of household members (household size); employment status; residence state; year of recruitment; German citizenship; private Internet usage.

Additionally coded: Unique ID identifier; household identifier and person identifier within the household; interview date; current online status; questionnaire evaluation (interesting, varied, relevant, long, difficult, too personal); overall assessment of the survey; further comments.

最高持有 20% 收入份额在12-01-2020达40.000%，相较于12-01-2019的39.500%有所增长。最高持有 20% 收入份额数据按年更新，12-01-1991至12-01-2020期间平均值为38.600%，共30份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于12-01-2020，达40.000%，而历史最低值则出现于12-01-1996，为36.800%。CEIC提供的最高持有 20% 收入份额数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于World Bank，数据归类于全球数据库的德国 – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality。

Out of the G20 countries, South Africa, Brazil, and Turkey have the highest levels of income inequality, while France, Canada, and Germany have the lowest levels of inequality. Other G20 countries in the middle have Gini coefficients between 32.5 and 44.0. The Gini coefficient measures the level of income inequality worldwide, where a higher score indicates a higher level of income inequality.