Automated Weather Station and AWS-like networks are the primary source of surface-level meteorological data in remote polar regions. These networks have developed organically and independently, and deliver data to researchers in idiosyncratic ASCII formats that hinder automated processing and intercomparison among networks. Moreover, station tilt causes significant biases in polar AWS measurements of radiation and wind direction. Researchers, network operators, and data centers would benefit from AWS-like data in a common format, amenable to automated analysis, and adjusted for known biases. This project addresses these needs by developing a scientific software workflow called "Justified AWS" (JAWS) to ingest Level 2 (L2) data in the multiple formats now distributed, harmonize it into a common format, and deliver value-added Level 3 (L3) output suitable for distribution by the network operator, analysis by the researcher, and curation by the data center. Polar climate researchers currently face daunting problems including how to easily: 1. Automate analysis (subsetting, statistics, unit conversion) of AWS-like L2 ASCII data. 2. Combine or intercompare data and data quality from among unharmonized L2 datasets. 3. Adjust L2 data for biases such as AWS tilt angle and direction. JAWS addresses these common issues by harmonizing AWS L2 data into a common format, and applying accepted methods to quantify quality and estimate biases. Specifically, JAWS enables users and network operators to 1. Convert L2 data (usually ASCII tables) into a netCDF-based L3 format compliant with metadata conventions (Climate-Forecast and ACDD) that promote automated discovery and analysis. 2. Include value-added L3 features like the Retrospective, Iterative, Geometry-Based (RIGB) tilt angle and direction corrections, solar angles, and standardized quality flags. 3. Provide a scriptable API to extend the initial L2-to-L3 conversion to newer AWS-like networks and instruments. Polar AWS network experts and NSIDC DAAC personnel, each with decades of experience, will help guide and deliberate the L3 conventions implemented in Stages 2-3. The project will start on July 1, 2017 at entry Technology Readiness Level 3 and will exit on June 30, 2019 at TRL 6. JAWS is now a heterogeneous collection of scripts and methods developed and validated at UCI over the past 15 years. At exit, JAWS will comprise three modular stages written in or wrapped by Python, installable by Conda: Stage 1 ingests and translates L2 data into netCDF. Stage 2 annotates the netCDF with CF and ACDD metadata. Stage 3 derives value-added scientific and quality information. The labor-intensive tasks include turning our heterogeneous workflow into a robust, standards-compliant, extensible workflow with an API based on best practices of modern scientific information systems and services. Implementation of Stages 1-2 may be straightforward though tedious due to the menagerie of L2 formats, instruments, and assumptions. The RIGB component of Stage 3 requires ongoing assimilation of ancillary NASA data (CERES, AIRS) and use of automated data transfer protocols (DAP, THREDDS). The immediate target recipient elements are polar AWS network managers, users, and data distributors. L2 borehole data suffers from similar interoperability issues, as does non-polar AWS data. Hence our L3 format will be extensible to global AWS and permafrost networks. JAWS will increase in situ data accessibility and utility, and enable new derived products (both are AIST goals). The PI is a long-standing researcher, open source software developer, and educator who understands obstacles to harmonizing disparate datasets with NASA interoperability recommendations. Our team participates in relevant geoscience communities, including ESDS working groups, ESIP, AGU, and EarthCube.

In the fourth quarter of 2024, the most popular vendor in the cloud infrastructure services market, Amazon Web Services (AWS), controlled ** percent of the entire market. Microsoft Azure takes second place with ** percent market share, followed by Google Cloud with ** percent market share. Together, these three cloud vendors account for ** percent of total spend in the fourth quarter of 2024. Organizations use cloud services from these vendors for machine learning, data analytics, cloud native development, application migration, and other services. AWS Services Amazon Web Services is used by many organizations because it offers a wide variety of services and products to its customers that improve business agility while being secure and reliable. One of AWS’s most used services is Amazon EC2, which lets customers create virtual machines for their strategic projects while spending less time on maintaining servers. Another important service is Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3), which offers a secure file storage service. In addition, Amazon also offers security, website infrastructure management, and identity and access management solutions. Cloud infrastructure services Vendors offering cloud services to a global customer base do so through different types of cloud computing, which include infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS). Further, there are different cloud computing deployment models available for customers, namely private cloud and public cloud, as well as community cloud and hybrid cloud. A cloud deployment model is defined based on the location where the deployment resides, and who has access to and control over the infrastructure.

Globally, the public cloud market is currently valued at 685.3823 billion USD and is projected to reach a staggering 2,225.9945 billion USD by 2033, reflecting a robust CAGR of 12.81% from 2025 to 2033. Faster digital transformation, rising cloud-native application development, increased affordability, and rapid penetration of mobile devices and IoT are some key growth drivers shaping the public cloud market. Furthermore, the adoption of innovative technologies like AI, ML, and analytics further fuels demand for cloud computing resources. Regionally, North America holds the largest market share, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. Leading cloud providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) dominate the market, offering comprehensive cloud services across IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS models. Key trends shaping the market include the increasing adoption of multi-cloud and hybrid cloud solutions, the rise of edge computing, and the growing significance of data security and compliance. Despite these growth drivers, factors such as data privacy and security concerns, legacy systems, and potential vendor lock-in can restrain market growth to some extent. Recent developments include: In March 2023, Alibaba Cloud, the foundation of Alibaba Group's digital technology and intelligence, announced its partnership with long-time partner Dubai Holding to upgrade the facility with cutting-edge cloud infrastructure and a wider range of products and services in analytics, databases, industry solutions, and AI services to provide customers with the best digital solutions during their journey towards digitalization. In February 2023, Alibaba Cloud, the digital technology and intelligence core of Alibaba Group has been selected by e-commerce platform MyEUShop and its joint venture logistics partner, Nederlands Express (NLE), as their preferred cloud service provider and technology partner. MyEUShop and NLE will receive assistance from Alibaba Cloud to optimize their retail solutions and e-commerce platform infrastructure to achieve future commercial growth. In March 2023, AWS, a division of Amazon.com, Inc., has announced plans to open a region for its infrastructure in Malaysia. The new Amazon Region will allow developers, start-ups, entrepreneurs, businesses, government, educational, and charity institutions more options for using Malaysian data centers to operate their applications and serve end users. In October 2022, UBS and Microsoft announced a significant expansion of their collaboration to expand UBS's public cloud footprint over the next five years. As part of this transformational endeavour, UBS intends to operate more than half of its applications, including key workloads, on Microsoft Azure, the firm's primary cloud platform. The collaboration advances UBS's "cloud-first" strategy and modernization of its global technology estate. In July 2022, in India, Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) as a Cloud Service, powered by Adobe Experience Cloud, is now generally available, according to Adobe. With SaaS-like agility and experience management capabilities, AEM, a cloud-native solution, helps businesses manage and scale customized digital content for every channel. This enables marketers and developers to quickly create powerful, personalized digital experiences in just a few weeks, unlike the industry norm of months. . Notable trends are: Increasing demand for immersive virtual reality experiences is driving the market growth..

These datasets contain peer-to-peer trades from various recommendation platforms.

Metadata includes

• peer-to-peer trades

• have and want lists

• image data (tradesy)

Recent developments include: April 2023: IBM Corporation announced the launch of a new QRadar Security Suite to accelerate threat detection and response. The launch of the new technology will help improve the productivity of security teams by enabling analysts to respond faster and more efficiently, thereby freeing them up for higher-value work., December 2022: Microsoft and LSEG (London Stock Exchange Group) announced a partnership to use Microsoft Cloud to create the latter’s data infrastructure and develop new data & analytics products and services. This partnership would strengthen its position as the world's leading financial market infrastructure and data provider., November 2022: Dremio, a simple and open data lakehouse, announced key features for updating & writing data, improved support for semi-structured data, and expanded data ecosystem and business intelligence (BI) integrations in the data lakehouse evolution., February 2022: Persistent Systems acquired Data Glove and created a new Microsoft business unit focused on the Azure cloud. The acquisition expanded the delivery capabilities with highly skilled personnel, established a new nearshore distribution center in Costa Rica, and expanded the company's presence in India and the U.S., December 2021: Informatica launched a new solution that democratized access to cloud data lakes on Amazon Web Services (AWS) with AWS Lake Formation. This solution enabled business users at every level within an organization to access their data with improved security and trust to make informed business decisions.. Key drivers for this market are: Rising Demand for Effective Security Solutions Among Organizations to Drive Market Growth. Potential restraints include: Budgetary Issues Among Small-Scale Businesses May Hinder Market Growth. Notable trends are: Growing Implementation of Touch-based and Voice-based Infotainment Systems to Increase Adoption of Intelligent Cars.

With ** percent, Microsoft Azure took most of the market share for cloud computing in the Netherlands in 2020. Azure had within the healthcare sector the highest share with ** percent, whereas AWS had just six percent. Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform are cloud services in which you can either store data, backup data, compute data or use specialized software created by either platform.

The size of the Edge Computing Market was valued at USD 19.38 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 310.09 Billion by 2033, with an expected CAGR of 48.6% during the forecast period. The Edge Computing Market is poised for substantial growth. Valued at USD 19.38 billion in 2024, the market is projected to surge to USD 310.09 billion by 2033, driven by a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 48.6%. This rapid expansion is attributed to several factors, including the increasing demand for real-time data processing, the rise of IoT devices and applications, and the need for reduced latency and improved network performance. Edge computing brings data processing closer to the source, enabling faster response times, enhanced data security, and reduced bandwidth consumption. Recent developments include: May 2022, Atos announced the launch of “Atos Business Outcomes-as-a-Service” (Atos BOaaS), a 5G, edge and IoT offering developed in collaboration with Dell Technologies that brings the advantages of cloud architecture to the edge and far edge to deliver AI-based business value augmented with end-to-end automated deployment, monitoring, and management. March 2022 HPE GreenLake, the company's flagship service that enables enterprises to upgrade all of their apps and data from the edge to the cloud, has seen substantial enhancements. With a unified operating experience, additional cloud services, and the availability of HPE GreenLake in the online marketplaces of many prominent distributors, HPE's market-leading hybrid cloud platform has just become stronger. March 2022, Huawei and Du signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for joint innovation on multiaccess edge computing (MEC). The two companies would research, verify, and replicate MEC-oriented applications in the Middle East. The companies also aim to accelerate digital transformation in the Middle East, along with supporting the development of the global digital economy. Aug 2023 ABB has announced that it has invested in a strategic partnership with Pratexo, an edge-to-cloud acceleration platform company. The partnership involves a minority investment in Pratexo through ABB’s venture capital unit, ABB Technology Ventures (ATV). This partnership aims to co-develop edge computing solutions to improve security, autonomy and resilience for decentralized electrical networks. This collaboration helps ABB’s customers deploy edge-based networks and solution architectures that provide real time insights, with the added benefits of reduced cloud data transfer volumes, improved data privacy and security, and the ability to run even when not connected to the internet. April 2022 Bell announced the deployment of Canada's first public multi-access edge computing (MEC) service with AWS Wavelength. Building on Bell's deal with AWS announced last year, the two companies are installing AWS Wavelength Zones at the edge of Bell's 5G network across the country, beginning in Toronto. This will boost company’s sales. February 2022 Amazon Web Services increased its edge computing infrastructure to 32 locations worldwide, in addition to the 16 existing zones in the United States. The massive expansion indicates that investment in edge computing infrastructure is starting to pick up.. December 2021 Amazon Web Services is expanding its edge computing operations with more Local Zones, including a private capital markets local zone inside a Nasdaq data center in New Jersey. The Nasdaq acquisition exemplifies AWS's focus on vertical markets. . Key drivers for this market are: The growing need for real-time data processing and analytics

The increasing adoption of IoT devices

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI)

The need for improved security and reliability. Potential restraints include: The high cost of edge computing devices

The complexity of managing edge computing devices

The lack of interoperability between edge computing devices. Notable trends are: The convergence of edge computing and cloud computing

The use of AI to optimize edge computing performance

The development of new edge computing use cases.

Global, aggregated physical air quality data from public data sources provided by government, research-grade and other sources. These awesome groups do the hard work of measuring these data and publicly sharing them, and our community makes them more universally-accessible to both humans and machines.