Links to recordings of the Integrated Services Program and 9-1-1 & Geospatial Services Bureau webinar series, including NG9-1-1 GIS topics such as: data preparation; data provisioning and maintenance; boundary best practices; and extract, transform, and load (ETL). Offerings include:Topic: Virginia Next Generation 9-1-1 Dashboard and Resources Update Description: Virginia recently updated the NG9-1-1 Dashboard with some new tabs and information sources and continues to develop new resources to assist the GIS data work. This webinar provides an overview of changes, a demonstration of new functionality, and a guide to finding and using new resources that will benefit Virginia public safety and GIS personnel with roles in their NG9-1-1 projects. Wednesday 16 June 2021. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/566133775Topic: Emergency Service Boundary GIS Data Layers and Functions in your NG9-1-1 PSAP Description: Law, Fire, and Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Emergency Service Boundary (ESB) polygons are required elements of the NENA NG9-1-1 GIS data model stack that indicate which agency is responsible for primary response. While this requirement must be met in your Virginia NG9-1-1 deployment with AT&T and Intrado, there are quite a few ways you could choose to implement these polygons. PSAPs and their GIS support must work together to understand how this information will come into a NG9-1-1 i3 PSAP and how it will replace traditional ESN information in order to make good choices while implementing these layers. This webinar discusses:the function of ESNs in your legacy 9-1-1 environment, the role of ESBs in NG9-1-1, and how ESB information appears in your NG9-1-1 PSAP. Wednesday, 22 July 2020. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/441073056#t=360sTopic: "The GIS Folks Handle That": What PSAP Professionals Need to Know about the GIS Project Phase of Next Generation 9-1-1 DeploymentDescription: Next Generation 9-1-1 (NG9-1-1) brings together the worlds of emergency communication and spatial data and mapping. While it may be tempting for PSAPs to outsource cares and concerns about road centerlines and GIS data provisioning to 'the GIS folks', GIS staff are crucial to the future of emergency call routing and location validation. Data required by NG9-1-1 usually builds on data that GIS staff already know and use for other purposes, so the transition requires them to learn more about PSAP operations and uses of core data. The goal of this webinar is to help the PSAP and GIS worlds come together by explaining the role of the GIS Project in the Virginia NG9-1-1 Deployment Steps, exploring how GIS professionals view NG9-1-1 deployment as a project, and fostering a mutual understanding of how GIS will drive NG9-1-1. 29 January 2020. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/showcase/9791882/video/761225474Topic: Getting Your GIS Data from Here to There: Processes and Best Practices for Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) Description: During the fall of 2019, VITA-ISP staff delivered workshops on "Tools and Techniques for Managing the Growing Role of GIS in Enterprise Software." This session presents information from the workshops related to the process of extracting, transforming, and loading data (ETL), best practices for ETL, and methods for data schema comparison and field mapping as a webinar. These techniques and skills assist GIS staff with their growing role in Next Generation 9-1-1 but also apply to many other projects involving the integration and maintenance of GIS data. 19 February 2020. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/showcase/9791882/video/761225007Topic: NG9-1-1 GIS Data Provisioning and MaintenanceDescription: VITA ISP pleased to announce an upcoming webinar about the NG9-1-1 GIS Data Provisioning and Maintenance document provided by Judy Doldorf, GISP with the Fairfax County Department of Information Technology and RAC member. This document was developed by members of the NG9-1-1 GIS workgroup within the VITA Regional Advisory Council (RAC) and is intended to provide guidance to local GIS and PSAP authorities on the GIS datasets and associated GIS to MSAG/ALI validation and synchronization required for NG9-1-1 services. The document also provides guidance on geospatial call routing readiness and the short- and long-term GIS data maintenance workflow procedures. In addition, some perspective and insight from the Fairfax County experience in GIS data preparation for the AT&T and West solution will be discussed in this webinar. 31 July 2019. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/showcase/9791882/video/761224774Topic: NG9-1-1 Deployment DashboardDescription: I invite you to join us for a webinar that will provide an overview of our NG9-1-1 Deployment Dashboard and information about other online ISP resources. The ISP website has been long criticized for being difficult to use and find information. The addition of the Dashboard and other changes to the website are our attempt to address some of these concerns and provide an easier way to find information especially as we undertake NG9-1-1 deployment. The Dashboard includes a status map of all Virginia PSAPs as it relates to the deployment of NG9-1-1, including the total amount of funding requested by the localities and awards approved by the 9-1-1 Services Board. During this webinar, Lyle Hornbaker, Regional Coordinator for Region 5, will navigate through the dashboard and provide tips on how to more effectively utilize the ISP website. 12 June 2019. Recording not currently available. Please see the Virginia Next Generation 9-1-1 Dashboard and Resources Update webinar recording from 16 June 2021. Topic: PSAP Boundary Development Tools and Process RecommendationDescription: This webinar will be presented by Geospatial Program Manager Matt Gerike and VGIN Coordinator Joe Sewash. With the release of the PSAP boundary development tools and PSAP boundary segment compilation guidelines on the VGIN Clearinghouse in March, this webinar demonstrates the development tools, explains the process model, and discusses methods, tools, and resources available for you as you work to complete PSAP boundary segments with your neighbors. 15 May 2019. Recording available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kI-1DkUQF9Q&feature=youtu.beTopic: NG9-1-1 Data Preparation - Utilizing VITA's GIS Data Report Card ToolDescription: This webinar, presented by VGIN Coordinator Joe Sewash, Geospatial Program Manager Matt Gerike, and Geospatial Analyst Kenny Brevard will provide an overview of the first version of the tools that were released on March 25, 2019. These tools will allow localities to validate their GIS data against the report card rules, the MSAG and ALI checks used in previous report cards, and the analysis listed in the NG9-1-1 migration proposal document. We will also discuss the purpose of the tools, input requirements, initial configuration, how to run them, and how to make sense of your results. 10 April 2019. Recording available at: https://vimeo.com/showcase/9791882/video/761224495Topic: NG9-1-1 PSAP Boundary Best Practice WebinarDescription: During the months of November and December, VITA ISP staff hosted regional training sessions about best practices for PSAP boundaries as they relate to NG9-1-1. These sessions were well attended and very interactive, therefore we feel the need to do a recap and allow those that may have missed the training to attend a makeup session. 30 January 2019. Recording not currently available. Please see the PSAP Boundary Development Tools and Process Recommendation webinar recording from 15 May 2019.Topic: NG9-1-1 GIS Overview for ContractorsDescription: The Commonwealth of Virginia has started its migration to next generation 9-1-1 (NG9-1-1). This migration means that there will be a much greater reliance on geographic information (GIS) to locate and route 9-1-1 calls. VITA ISP has conducted an assessment of current local GIS data and provided each locality with a report. Some of the data from this report has also been included in the localities migration proposal, which identifies what data issues need to be resolved before the locality can migrate to NG9-1-1. Several localities in Virginia utilize a contractor to maintain their GIS data. This webinar is intended for those contractors to review the data in the report, what is included in the migration proposal and how they may be called on to assist the localities they serve. It will still ultimately be up to each locality to determine whether they engage a contractor for assistance, but it is important for the contractor community to understand what is happening and have an opportunity to ask questions about the intent and goals. This webinar will provide such an opportunity. 22 August 2018. Recording not currently available. Please contact us at NG911GIS@vdem.virginia.gov if you are interested in this content.

Analysis of ‘500 Cities: Census Tract-level Data (GIS Friendly Format), 2017 release’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/a5ba8426-6de9-48f9-bb7a-b9ff00296c47 on 12 February 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

2015, 2014. Data were provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Population Health, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch. The project was funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) in conjunction with the CDC Foundation. 500 cities project census tract-level data in GIS-friendly format can be joined with census tract spatial data (https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/500-Cities/500-Cities-Census-Tract-Boundaries/x7zy-2xmx) in a geographic information system (GIS) to produce maps of 27 measures at the census tract level. Because some questions are only asked every other year in the BRFSS, there are 7 measures in this 2017 release from the 2014 BRFSS that were the same as the 2016 release.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Needing to answer the question of “where” sat at the forefront of everyone’s mind, and using a geographic information system (GIS) for real-time surveillance transformed possibly overwhelming data into location intelligence that provided agencies and civic leaders with valuable insights.This book highlights best practices, key GIS capabilities, and lessons learned during the COVID-19 response that can help communities prepare for the next crisis.GIS has empowered:Organizations to use human mobility data to estimate the adherence to social distancing guidelinesCommunities to monitor their health care systems’ capacity through spatially enabled surge toolsGovernments to use location-allocation methods to site new resources (i.e., testing sites and augmented care sites) in ways that account for at-risk and vulnerable populationsCommunities to use maps and spatial analysis to review case trends at local levels to support reopening of economiesOrganizations to think spatially as they consider “back-to-the-workplace” plans that account for physical distancing and employee safety needsLearning from COVID-19 also includes a “next steps” section that provides ideas, strategies, tools, and actions to help jump-start your own use of GIS, either as a citizen scientist or a health professional. A collection of online resources, including additional stories, videos, new ideas and concepts, and downloadable tools and content, complements this book.Now is the time to use science and data to make informed decisions for our future, and this book shows us how we can do it.Dr. Este GeraghtyDr. Este Geraghty is the chief medical officer and health solutions director at Esri where she leads business development for the Health and Human Services sector.Matt ArtzMatt Artz is a content strategist for Esri Press. He brings a wide breadth of experience in environmental science, technology, and marketing.

Data Source: The primary data source used for this analysis are point-level business establishment data from InfoUSA. This commercial database produced by InfoGroup provides a comprehensive list of businesses in the SCAG region, including their industrial classification, number of employees, and several additional fields. Data have been post-processed for accuracy by SCAG staff and have an effective date of 2016. Locally-weighted regression: First, the SCAG region is overlaid with a grid, or fishnet, of 1km, 2km, and ½-km per cell. At the 1km cell size, there are 16,959 cells covering the SCAG region. Using the Spatial Join feature in ArcGIS, a sum total of business establishments and total employees (i.e., not separated by industrial classification) were joined to each grid cell. Note that since cells are of a standard size, the employment total in a cell is the equivalent of the employment density. A locally-weighted regression (LWR) procedure was developed using the R Statistical Software package in order to identify subcenters.The below procedure is described for 1km grid cells, but was repeated for 2km and 1/2km cells. Identify local maxima candidates.Using R’s lwr package, each cell’s 120 nearest neighbors, corresponding to roughly 5.5 km in each direction, was explored to identify high outliers or local maxima based on the total employment field. Cells with a z-score of above 2.58 were considered local maxima candidates.Identify local maxima. LWR can result in local maxima existing within close proximity. This step used a .dbf-format spatial weights matrix (knn=120 nearest neighbors) to identify only cells which are higher than all of their 120 nearest neighbors. At the 1km scale, 84 local maxima were found, which will form the “peak” of each individual subcenter. Search adjacent cells to include as part of each subcenter. In order to find which cells also are part of each local maximum’s subcenter, we use a queen (adjacency) contiguity matrix to search adjacent cells up to 120 nearest neighbors, adding cells if they are also greater than the average density in their neighborhood. A total of 695 cells comprise subcenters at the 1km scale. A video from Kane et al. (2018) demonstrates the above aspects of the methodology (please refer to 0:35 through 2:35 of https://youtu.be/ylTWnvCCO54), with several minor differences which result in a different final map of subcenters: different years and slightly different post-processing steps for InfoUSAdata, video study covers 5-county region (Imperial county not included), and limited to 1km scale subcenters.A challenge arises in that using 1km grid cells may fail to identify the correct local maximum for a particularly large employment center whose experience of high density occurs over a larger area. The process was repeated at a 2km scale, resulting in 54 “coarse scaled” subcenters. Similarly, some centers may exist with a particularly tightly-packed area of dense employment which is not detectable at the medium, 1km scale. The process was repeated again with ½-km grid cells, resulting in 95 “fine scaled” subcenters. In many instances, boundaries of fine, medium, and coarse scaled subcenters were similar, but differences existed. The next step was to qualitatively comparing results at each scale to create the final map of 72 job centers across the region. Most centers are medium scale, but some known areas of especially employment density were better captured at the 2km scale while . Giuliano and Small’s (1991) “ten jobs per acre” threshold was used as a rough guide to test for reasonableness when choosing a larger or smaller scale. For example, in some instances, a 1km scale included much additional land which reduced job density well below 10 jobs per acre. In this instance, an overlapping or nearby 1/2km scaled center provided a better reflection of the local employment peak. Ultimately, the goal was to identify areas where job density is distinct from nearby areas. Finally, in order to serve land use and travel demand modeling purposes for Connect SoCal, job centers were joined to their nearest TAZ boundaries. While the identification mechanism described above uses a combination of point and grid cell boundaries, the job centers boundaries expressed in this layer, and used for Connect SoCal purposes, are built from TAZ geographies. In Connect SoCal, job centers are associated with one of three strategies: focused growth, coworking space, or parking/AVR.Data Field/Value description:name: Name of job center based on name of local jurisdiction(s) or other discernable feature.Focused_Gr: Indicates whether job center was used for the 2020 RTP/SCS Focused Growth strategy, 1: center was used, 0: center was not used.Cowork: Indicates whether job center was used for the 2020 RTP/SCS Co-working space strategy, 1: center was used, 0: center was not used.Park_AVR: Indicates whether job center was used for the 2020 RTP/SCS parking and average vehicle ridership (AVR) strategies, 1: center was used, 0: center was not used. nTAZ: number of Transportation Analysis Zones (TAZs) which comprise this center.emp16: Estimated number of workers within job center boundaries based on 2016 InfoUSA point-based business establishment data. Values are rounded to the nearest 1000. acres: Land area within job center boundaries based on grid-based identification mechanism (i.e., not based on TAZ boundaries shown). Values are rounded to the nearest 100.

Developed by SOLARGIS and provided by the Global Solar Atlas (GSA), this data resource contains terrain elevation above sea level (ELE) in [m a.s.l.] covering the globe. Data is provided in a geographic spatial reference (EPSG:4326). The resolution (pixel size) of solar resource data (GHI, DIF, GTI, DNI) is 9 arcsec (nominally 250 m), PVOUT and TEMP 30 arcsec (nominally 1 km) and OPTA 2 arcmin (nominally 4 km). The data is hyperlinked under 'resources' with the following characeristics: ELE GISdata (GeoTIFF) Data format: GEOTIFF File size : 826.8 MB There are two temporal representation of solar resource and PVOUT data available: • Longterm yearly/monthly average of daily totals (LTAym_AvgDailyTotals) • Longterm average of yearly/monthly totals (LTAym_YearlyMonthlyTotals) Both type of data are equivalent, you can select the summarization of your preference. The relation between datasets is described by simple equations: • LTAy_YearlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * 365.25 • LTAy_MonthlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * Number_of_Days_In_The_Month *For individual country or regional data downloads please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download (use the drop-down menu to select country or region of interest) *For data provided in AAIGrid please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download/world. For more information and terms of use, please, read metadata, provided in PDF and XML format for each data layer in a download file. For other data formats, resolution or time aggregation, please, visit Solargis website. Data can be used for visualization, further processing, and geo-analysis in all mainstream GIS software with raster data processing capabilities (such as open source QGIS, commercial ESRI ArcGIS products and others).

This is a collection of maps, layers, apps and dashboards that show population access to essential retail locations, such as grocery stores. Data sourcesPopulation data is from the 2010 U.S. Census blocks. Each census block has a count of stores within a 10 minute walk, and a count of stores within a ten minute drive. Census blocks known to be unpopulated are given a score of 0. The layer is available as a hosted feature layer.Grocery store locations are from SafeGraph, reflecting what was in the data as of October 2020. Access to the layer was obtained from the SafeGraph offering in ArcGIS Marketplace. For this project, ArcGIS StreetMap Premium was used for the street network in the origin-destination analysis work, because it already has the necessary attributes on each street segment to identify which streets are considered walkable, and supports a wide variety of driving parameters.The walkable access layer and drivable access layers are rasters, whose colors were chosen to allow the drivable access layer to serve as backdrop to the walkable access layer. Alternative versions of these layers are available. These pairs use different colors but are otherwise identical in content.Data PreparationArcGIS Network Analyst was used to set up a network street layer for analysis. ArcGIS StreetMap Premium was installed to a local hard drive and selected in the Origin-Destination workflow as the network data source. This allows the origins (Census block centroids) and destinations (SafeGraph grocery stores) to be connected to that network, to allow origin-destination analysis.The Census blocks layer contains the centroid of each Census block. The data allows a simple popup to be created. This layer's block figures can be summarized further, to tract, county and state levels.The SafeGraph grocery store locations were created by querying the SafeGraph source layer based on primary NAICS code. After connecting to the layer in ArcGIS Pro, a definition query was set to only show records with NAICS code 445110 as an initial screening. The layer was exported to a local disk drive for further definition query refinement, to eliminate any records that were obviously not grocery stores. The final layer used in the analysis had approximately 53,600 records. In this map, this layer is included as a vector tile layer.MethodologyEvery census block in the U.S. was assigned two access scores, whose numbers are simply how many grocery stores are within a 10 minute walk and a 10 minute drive of that census block. Every census block has a score of 0 (no stores), 1, 2 or more stores. The count of accessible stores was determined using Origin-Destination Analysis in ArcGIS Network Analyst, in ArcGIS Pro. A set of Tools in this ArcGIS Pro package allow a similar analysis to be conducted for any city or other area. The Tools step through the data prep and analysis steps. Download the Pro package, open it and substitute your own layers for Origins and Destinations. Parcel centroids are a suggested option for Origins, for example. Origin-Destination analysis was configured, using ArcGIS StreetMap Premium as the network data source. Census block centroids with population greater than zero were used as the Origins, and grocery store locations were used as the Destinations. A cutoff of 10 minutes was used with the Walk Time option. Only one restriction was applied to the street network: Walkable, which means Interstates and other non-walkable street segments were treated appropriately. You see the results in the map: wherever freeway overpasses and underpasses are present near a grocery store, the walkable area extends across/through that pass, but not along the freeway.A cutoff of 10 minutes was used with the Drive Time option. The default restrictions were applied to the street network, which means a typical vehicle's access to all types of roads was factored in.The results for each analysis were captured in the Lines layer, which shows which origins are within the cutoff of each destination over the street network, given the assumptions about that network (walking, or driving a vehicle).The Lines layer was then summarized by census block ID to capture the Maximum value of the Destination_Rank field. A census block within 10 minutes of 3 stores would have 3 records in the Lines layer, but only one value in the summarized table, with a MAX_Destination_Rank field value of 3. This is the number of stores accessible to that census block in the 10 minutes measured, for walking and driving. These data were joined to the block centroids layer and given unique names. At this point, all blocks with zero population or null values in the MAX_Destination_Rank fields were given a store count of 0, to help the next step.Walkable and Drivable areas are calculated into a raster layer, using Nearest Neighbor geoprocessing tool on the count of stores within a 10 minute walk, and a count of stores within a ten minute drive, respectively. This tool uses a 200 meter grid and interpolates the values between each census block. A census tracts layer containing all water polygons "erased" from the census tract boundaries was used as an environment setting, to help constrain interpolation into/across bodies of water. The same layer use used to "shoreline" the Nearest Neighbor results, to eliminate any interpolation into the ocean or Great Lakes. This helped but was not perfect.Notes and LimitationsThe map provides a baseline for discussing access to grocery stores in a city. It does not presume local population has the desire or means to walk or drive to obtain groceries. It does not take elevation gain or loss into account. It does not factor time of day nor weather, seasons, or other variables that affect a person's commute choices. Walking and driving are just two ways people get to a grocery store. Some people ride a bike, others take public transit, have groceries delivered, or rely on a friend with a vehicle. Thank you to Melinda Morang on the Network Analyst team for guidance and suggestions at key moments along the way; to Emily Meriam for reviewing the previous version of this map and creating new color palettes and marker symbols specific to this project. Additional ReadingThe methods by which access to food is measured and reported have improved in the past decade or so, as has the uses of such measurements. Some relevant papers and articles are provided below as a starting point.Measuring Food Insecurity Using the Food Abundance Index: Implications for Economic, Health and Social Well-BeingHow to Identify Food Deserts: Measuring Physical and Economic Access to Supermarkets in King County, WashingtonAccess to Affordable and Nutritious Food: Measuring and Understanding Food Deserts and Their ConsequencesDifferent Measures of Food Access Inform Different SolutionsThe time cost of access to food – Distance to the grocery store as measured in minutes

Learn state-of-the-art skills to build compelling, useful, and fun Web GIS apps easily, with no programming experience required.Building on the foundation of the previous three editions, Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition,features the latest advances in Esri’s entire Web GIS platform, from the cloud server side to the client side.Discover and apply what’s new in ArcGIS Online, ArcGIS Enterprise, Map Viewer, Esri StoryMaps, Web AppBuilder, ArcGIS Survey123, and more.Learn about recent Web GIS products such as ArcGIS Experience Builder, ArcGIS Indoors, and ArcGIS QuickCapture. Understand updates in mobile GIS such as ArcGIS Collector and AuGeo, and then build your own web apps.Further your knowledge and skills with detailed sections and chapters on ArcGIS Dashboards, ArcGIS Analytics for the Internet of Things, online spatial analysis, image services, 3D web scenes, ArcGIS API for JavaScript, and best practices in Web GIS.Each chapter is written for immediate productivity with a good balance of principles and hands-on exercises and includes:A conceptual discussion section to give you the big picture and principles,A detailed tutorial section with step-by-step instructions,A Q/A section to answer common questions,An assignment section to reinforce your comprehension, andA list of resources with more information.Ideal for classroom lab work and on-the-job training for GIS students, instructors, GIS analysts, managers, web developers, and other professionals, Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition, uses a holistic approach to systematically teach the breadth of the Esri Geospatial Cloud.AUDIENCEProfessional and scholarly. College/higher education. General/trade.AUTHOR BIOPinde Fu leads the ArcGIS Platform Engineering team at Esri Professional Services and teaches at universities including Harvard University Extension School. His specialties include web and mobile GIS technologies and applications in various industries. Several of his projects have won specialachievement awards. Fu is the lead author of Web GIS: Principles and Applications (Esri Press, 2010).Pub Date: Print: 7/21/2020 Digital: 6/16/2020 Format: Trade paperISBN: Print: 9781589485921 Digital: 9781589485938 Trim: 7.5 x 9 in.Price: Print: $94.99 USD Digital: $94.99 USD Pages: 490TABLE OF CONTENTSPrefaceForeword1 Get started with Web GIS2 Hosted feature layers and storytelling with GIS3 Web AppBuilder for ArcGIS and ArcGIS Experience Builder4 Mobile GIS5 Tile layers and on-premises Web GIS6 Spatial temporal data and real-time GIS7 3D web scenes8 Spatial analysis and geoprocessing9 Image service and online raster analysis10 Web GIS programming with ArcGIS API for JavaScriptPinde Fu | Interview with Esri Press | 2020-07-10 | 15:56 | Link.

This data was prepared as input for the Selkie GIS-TE tool. This GIS tool aids site selection, logistics optimization and financial analysis of wave or tidal farms in the

Irish and Welsh maritime areas. Read more here:

https://www.selkie-project.eu/selkie-tools-gis-technoeconomic-model/

This research was funded by the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) through MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and the Marine and by the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI). Support was also received from the European Union's European Regional Development Fund through the Ireland Wales Cooperation Programme as part of the Selkie project.

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File Formats

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Results are presented in three file formats:

tif Can be imported into a GIS software (such as ARC GIS)

csv Human-readable text format, which can also be opened in Excel

png Image files that can be viewed in standard desktop software and give a spatial view of results

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Input Data

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All calculations use open-source data from the Copernicus store and the open-source software Python. The Python xarray library is used to read the data.

Hourly Data from 2000 to 2019

- Wind -

Copernicus ERA5 dataset

17 by 27.5 km grid

10m wind speed

- Wave -

Copernicus Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish - Ocean Wave Reanalysis dataset

3 by 5 km grid

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Accessibility

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The maximum limits for Hs and wind speed are applied when mapping the accessibility of a site.

The Accessibility layer shows the percentage of time the Hs (Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish - Ocean Wave Reanalysis) and wind speed (ERA5) are below these limits for the month.

Input data is 20 years of hourly wave and wind data from 2000 to 2019, partitioned by month. At each timestep, the accessibility of the site was determined by checking if

the Hs and wind speed were below their respective limits. The percentage accessibility is the number of hours within limits divided by the total number of hours for the month.

Environmental data is from the Copernicus data store (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/). Wave hourly data is from the 'Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish - Ocean Wave Reanalysis' dataset.

Wind hourly data is from the ERA 5 dataset.

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Availability

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A device's availability to produce electricity depends on the device's reliability and the time to repair any failures. The repair time depends on weather

windows and other logistical factors (for example, the availability of repair vessels and personnel.). A 2013 study by O'Connor et al. determined the

relationship between the accessibility and availability of a wave energy device. The resulting graph (see Fig. 1 of their paper) shows the correlation between

accessibility at Hs of 2m and wind speed of 15.0m/s and availability. This graph is used to calculate the availability layer from the accessibility layer.

The input value, accessibility, measures how accessible a site is for installation or operation and maintenance activities. It is the percentage time the

environmental conditions, i.e. the Hs (Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish - Ocean Wave Reanalysis) and wind speed (ERA5), are below operational limits.

Input data is 20 years of hourly wave and wind data from 2000 to 2019, partitioned by month. At each timestep, the accessibility of the site was determined

by checking if the Hs and wind speed were below their respective limits. The percentage accessibility is the number of hours within limits divided by the total

number of hours for the month. Once the accessibility was known, the percentage availability was calculated using the O'Connor et al. graph of the relationship

between the two. A mature technology reliability was assumed.

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Weather Window

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The weather window availability is the percentage of possible x-duration windows where weather conditions (Hs, wind speed) are below maximum limits for the

given duration for the month.

The resolution of the wave dataset (0.05° × 0.05°) is higher than that of the wind dataset

(0.25° x 0.25°), so the nearest wind value is used for each wave data point. The weather window layer is at the resolution of the wave layer.

The first step in calculating the weather window for a particular set of inputs (Hs, wind speed and duration) is to calculate the accessibility at each timestep.

The accessibility is based on a simple boolean evaluation: are the wave and wind conditions within the required limits at the given timestep?

Once the time series of accessibility is calculated, the next step is to look for periods of sustained favourable environmental conditions, i.e. the weather

windows. Here all possible operating periods with a duration matching the required weather-window value are assessed to see if the weather conditions remain

suitable for the entire period. The percentage availability of the weather window is calculated based on the percentage of x-duration windows with suitable

weather conditions for their entire duration.The weather window availability can be considered as the probability of having the required weather window available

at any given point in the month.

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Extreme Wind and Wave

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The Extreme wave layers show the highest significant wave height expected to occur during the given return period.

The Extreme wind layers show the highest wind speed expected to occur during the given return period.

To predict extreme values, we use Extreme Value Analysis (EVA). EVA focuses on the extreme part of the data and seeks to determine a model to fit this reduced

portion accurately. EVA consists of three main stages. The first stage is the selection of extreme values from a time series. The next step is to fit a model

that best approximates the selected extremes by determining the shape parameters for a suitable probability distribution. The model then predicts extreme values

for the selected return period. All calculations use the python pyextremes library. Two methods are used - Block Maxima and Peaks over threshold.

The Block Maxima methods selects the annual maxima and fits a GEVD probability distribution.

The peaks_over_threshold method has two variable calculation parameters. The first is the percentile above which values must be to be selected as extreme (0.9 or 0.998). The

second input is the time difference between extreme values for them to be considered independent (3 days). A Generalised Pareto Distribution is fitted to the selected

extremes and used to calculate the extreme value for the selected return period.

Parcel-level potential stewardship for Baltimore City. Potential stewardship is that land within a parcel not occupied by buildings, that is land that could potentially undergo "greening." This dataset contians polygons that represent potential stewardship land along with the vegetation that falls within the potential stewardship land. Potential stewardship should be estimated using the polygons with a land use (LU) code equal to 0. Parcel land use codes and census block group information is also present. A cursory analysis of the parcel data indicated that parcel data was outdated for the following block groups: 245102503031, 245102503032, and 245102503033. Note: transportation networks are not part of the parcel data, and thus were appropriately not part of this analysis. In addition a single BLOCKLOT may consist of two or more parcels in certain instances.

This dataset contains 50-ft contours for the Hot Springs shallowest unit of the Ouachita Mountains aquifer system potentiometric-surface map. The potentiometric-surface shows altitude at which the water level would have risen in tightly-cased wells and represents synoptic conditions during the summer of 2017. Contours were constructed from 59 water-level measurements measured in selected wells (locations in the well point dataset). Major streams and creeks were selected in the study area from the USGS National Hydrography Dataset (U.S. Geological Survey, 2017), and the spring point dataset with 18 spring altitudes calculated from 10-meter digital elevation model (DEM) data (U.S. Geological Survey, 2015; U.S. Geological Survey, 2016). After collecting, processing, and plotting the data, a potentiometric surface was generated using the interpolation method Topo to Raster in ArcMap 10.5 (Esri, 2017a). This tool is specifically designed for the creation of digital elevation models and imposes constraints that ensure a connected drainage structure and a correct representation of the surface from the provided contour data (Esri, 2017a). Once the raster surface was created, 50-ft contour interval were generated using Contour (Spatial Analyst), a spatial analyst tool (available through ArcGIS 3D Analyst toolbox) that creates a line-feature class of contours (isolines) from the raster surface (Esri, 2017b). The Topo to Raster and contouring done by ArcMap 10.5 is a rapid way to interpolate data, but computer programs do not account for hydrologic connections between groundwater and surface water. For this reason, some contours were manually adjusted based on topographical influence, a comparison with the potentiometric surface of Kresse and Hays (2009), and data-point water-level altitudes to more accurately represent the potentiometric surface. Select References: Esri, 2017a, How Topo to Raster works—Help | ArcGIS Desktop, accessed December 5, 2017, at ArcGIS Pro at http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/tool-reference/3d-analyst/how-topo-to-raster-works.htm. Esri, 2017b, Contour—Help | ArcGIS Desktop, accessed December 5, 2017, at ArcGIS Pro Raster Surface toolset at http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/tool-reference/3d-analyst/contour.htm. Kresse, T.M., and Hays, P.D., 2009, Geochemistry, Comparative Analysis, and Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Thermal Waters East of Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, 2006-09: U.S. Geological Survey 2009–5263, 48 p., accessed November 28, 2017, at https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5263/. U.S. Geological Survey, 2015, USGS NED 1 arc-second n35w094 1 x 1 degree ArcGrid 2015, accessed December 5, 2017, at The National Map: Elevation at https://nationalmap.gov/elevation.html. U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, USGS NED 1 arc-second n35w093 1 x 1 degree ArcGrid 2016, accessed December 5, 2017, at The National Map: Elevation at https://nationalmap.gov/elevation.html.

The size of the Africa Geospatial Analytics market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 6.99% during the forecast period.Geospatial analytics is a tool where the potential of location-based data, which is fast catching up in the African continent, is pooled to utilize the integration of the geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), and remote sensing technologies. These empower organizations to interpret and make value out of spatial data for analytical purposes. Geospatial analytics analyzes patterns and trends as well as their relationships within geographic contexts that will give a more holistic understanding of complex phenomena.Geospatial analytics alters most aspects of life in these areas in Africa. It is helpful in optimizing crops and resources in precision farming. Farmers learn when to make agriculture decisions through analysis of data on soil quality, weather, and crop health for maximization of its produce. In urban planning, it helps in urban development, infrastructure planning, and disaster management. Mapping the pattern of growth for cities, identification of vulnerable areas, and even the optimization of resource allocation makes cities sustainable and resilient. Geospatial analytics is also important in natural resource management, environmental conservation, and climate change adaptation. Monitoring deforestation, tracking populations of wildlife, and assessing the impact of climate will help policymakers further strategize towards a more effective implementation of conservation. Africa is continuing to step into the technological fray, and the market for geospatial analytics is supposed to grow its presence multifold.From seemingly endless savannahs, countless forests, substantive natural riches, and burgeoning cities, Africa has much to harness from the insights offered by geospatial analytics: Address real challenges, unlock fresh opportunities, and drive sustainable development across the continent. Recent developments include: November 2022: A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed by SaskTel and Axiom Exploration Group to jointly explore opportunities to assist organizations throughout Saskatchewan in enhancing and modernizing their operations through the gathering and analysis of geospatial and other geophysical data., September 2022: A two-day conference on Data Analytics and visualization was held by Women in GIS Kenya in association with Pathways International, Esri Eastern Africa, Nakala Analytics, and the University of Nairobi, Department of Geospatial and Space Technology.. Key drivers for this market are: Commercialization of spatial data, Increased smart city & infrastructure projects. Potential restraints include: High costs associated with geospatial technologies. Notable trends are: Commercialization of Spatial Data.

This dataset helps to investigate the Spatial Accessibility to HIV Testing, Treatment, and Prevention Services in Illinois and Chicago, USA. The main components are: population data, healthcare data, GTFS feeds, and road network data. The core components are: 1) GTFS which contains GTFS (General Transit Feed Specification) data which is provided by Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) from Google's GTFS feeds. Documentation defines the format and structure of the files that comprise a GTFS dataset: https://developers.google.com/transit/gtfs/reference?csw=1. 2) HealthCare contains shapefiles describing HIV healthcare providers in Chicago and Illinois respectively. The services come from Locator.HIV.gov. 3) PopData contains population data for Chicago and Illinois respectively. Data come from The American Community Survey and AIDSVu. AIDSVu (https://map.aidsvu.org/map) provides data on PLWH in Chicago at the census tract level for the year 2017 and in the State of Illinois at the county level for the year 2016. The American Community Survey (ACS) provided the number of people aged 15 to 64 at the census tract level for the year 2017 and at the county level for the year 2016. The ACS provides annually updated information on demographic and socio economic characteristics of people and housing in the U.S. 4) RoadNetwork contains the road networks for Chicago and Illinois respectively from OpenStreetMap using the Python osmnx package. The abstract for our paper is: Accomplishing the goals outlined in “Ending the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Epidemic: A Plan for America Initiative” will require properly estimating and increasing access to HIV testing, treatment, and prevention services. In this research, a computational spatial method for estimating access was applied to measure distance to services from all points of a city or state while considering the size of the population in need for services as well as both driving and public transportation. Specifically, this study employed the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method to measure spatial accessibility to HIV testing, treatment (i.e., Ryan White HIV/AIDS program), and prevention (i.e., Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis [PrEP]) services. The method considered the spatial location of MSM (Men Who have Sex with Men), PLWH (People Living with HIV), and the general adult population 15-64 depending on what HIV services the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends for each group. The study delineated service- and population-specific accessibility maps, demonstrating the method’s utility by analyzing data corresponding to the city of Chicago and the state of Illinois. Findings indicated health disparities in the south and the northwest of Chicago and particular areas in Illinois, as well as unique health disparities for public transportation compared to driving. The methodology details and computer code are shared for use in research and public policy.

BestPlace is an innovative retail data and analytics tool created explicitly for medium and enterprise-level CPG/FMCG companies. It's designed to revolutionize your retail data analysis approach by adding a strategic location-based perspective to your existing database. This perspective enriches your data landscape and allows your business to understand better and cater to shopping behavior. An In-Depth Approach to Retail Analytics Unlike conventional analytics tools, BestPlace delves deep into each store location details, providing a comprehensive analysis of your retail database. We leverage unique tools and methodologies to extract, analyze, and compile data. Our processes have been accurately designed to provide a holistic view of your business, equipping you with the information you need to make data-driven data-backed decisions. Amplifying Your Database with BestPlace At BestPlace, we understand the importance of a robust and informative retail database design. We don't just add new stores to your database; we enrich each store with vital characteristics and factors. These enhancements come from open cartographic sources such as Google Maps and our proprietary GIS database, all carefully collected and curated by our experienced data analysts. Store Features We enrich your retail database with an array of store features, which include but are not limited to: Number of reviews Average ratings Operational hours Categories relevant to each point Our attention to detail ensures your retail database becomes a powerful tool for understanding customer interactions and preferences.

Extensive Use Cases BestPlace's capabilities stretch across various applications, offering value in areas such as: Competition Analysis: Identify your competitors, analyze their performance, and understand your standing in the market with our extensive POI database and retail data analytics capabilities. New Location Search: Use our rich retail store database to identify ideal locations for store expansions based on foot traffic data, proximity to key points, and potential customer demographics.

This resource contains data inputs and a Jupyter Notebook that is used to introduce Hydrologic Analysis using Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models (TauDEM) and Python. TauDEM is a free and open-source set of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) tools developed at Utah State University for the extraction and analysis of hydrologic information from topography. This resource is part of a HydroLearn Physical Hydrology learning module available at https://edx.hydrolearn.org/courses/course-v1:Utah_State_University+CEE6400+2019_Fall/about

In this activity, the student learns how to (1) derive hydrologically useful information from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs); (2) describe the sequence of steps involved in mapping stream networks, catchments, and watersheds; and (3) compute an approximate water balance for a watershed-based on publicly available data.

Please note that this exercise is designed for the Logan River watershed, which drains to USGS streamflow gauge 10109000 located just east of Logan, Utah. However, this Jupyter Notebook and the analysis can readily be applied to other locations of interest. If running the terrain analysis for other study sites, you need to prepare a DEM TIF file, an outlet shapefile for the area of interest, and the average annual streamflow and precipitation data. - There are several sources to obtain DEM data. In the U.S., the DEM data (with different spatial resolutions) can be obtained from the National Elevation Dataset available from the national map (http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/). Another DEM data source is the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/), an international research effort that obtained digital elevation models on a near-global scale (search for Digital Elevation at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-products-overview?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects). - If not already available, you can generate the outlet shapefile by applying basic terrain analysis steps in geospatial information system models such as ArcGIS or QGIS. - You also need to obtain average annual streamflow and precipitation data for the watershed of interest to assess the annual water balance and calculate the runoff ratio in this exercise. In the U.S., the streamflow data can be obtained from the USGS NWIS website (https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) and the precipitation from PRISM (https://prism.oregonstate.edu/normals/). Note that using other datasets may require preprocessing steps to make data ready to use for this exercise.

A major objective of plant ecology research is to determine the underlying processes responsible for the observed spatial distribution patterns of plant species. Plants can be approximated as points in space for this purpose, and thus, spatial point pattern analysis has become increasingly popular in ecological research. The basic piece of data for point pattern analysis is a point location of an ecological object in some study region. Therefore, point pattern analysis can only be performed if data can be collected. However, due to the lack of a convenient sampling method, a few previous studies have used point pattern analysis to examine the spatial patterns of grassland species. This is unfortunate because being able to explore point patterns in grassland systems has widespread implications for population dynamics, community-level patterns and ecological processes. In this study, we develop a new method to measure individual coordinates of species in grassland communities. This method records plant growing positions via digital picture samples that have been sub-blocked within a geographical information system (GIS). Here, we tested out the new method by measuring the individual coordinates of Stipa grandis in grazed and ungrazed S. grandis communities in a temperate steppe ecosystem in China. Furthermore, we analyzed the pattern of S. grandis by using the pair correlation function g(r) with both a homogeneous Poisson process and a heterogeneous Poisson process. Our results showed that individuals of S. grandis were overdispersed according to the homogeneous Poisson process at 0-0.16 m in the ungrazed community, while they were clustered at 0.19 m according to the homogeneous and heterogeneous Poisson processes in the grazed community. These results suggest that competitive interactions dominated the ungrazed community, while facilitative interactions dominated the grazed community. In sum, we successfully executed a new sampling method, using digital photography and a Geographical Information System, to collect experimental data on the spatial point patterns for the populations in this grassland community.

Methods 1. Data collection using digital photographs and GIS

A flat 5 m x 5 m sampling block was chosen in a study grassland community and divided with bamboo chopsticks into 100 sub-blocks of 50 cm x 50 cm (Fig. 1). A digital camera was then mounted to a telescoping stake and positioned in the center of each sub-block to photograph vegetation within a 0.25 m2 area. Pictures were taken 1.75 m above the ground at an approximate downward angle of 90° (Fig. 2). Automatic camera settings were used for focus, lighting and shutter speed. After photographing the plot as a whole, photographs were taken of each individual plant in each sub-block. In order to identify each individual plant from the digital images, each plant was uniquely marked before the pictures were taken (Fig. 2 B).

Digital images were imported into a computer as JPEG files, and the position of each plant in the pictures was determined using GIS. This involved four steps: 1) A reference frame (Fig. 3) was established using R2V software to designate control points, or the four vertexes of each sub-block (Appendix S1), so that all plants in each sub-block were within the same reference frame. The parallax and optical distortion in the raster images was then geometrically corrected based on these selected control points; 2) Maps, or layers in GIS terminology, were set up for each species as PROJECT files (Appendix S2), and all individuals in each sub-block were digitized using R2V software (Appendix S3). For accuracy, the digitization of plant individual locations was performed manually; 3) Each plant species layer was exported from a PROJECT file to a SHAPE file in R2V software (Appendix S4); 4) Finally each species layer was opened in Arc GIS software in the SHAPE file format, and attribute data from each species layer was exported into Arc GIS to obtain the precise coordinates for each species. This last phase involved four steps of its own, from adding the data (Appendix S5), to opening the attribute table (Appendix S6), to adding new x and y coordinate fields (Appendix S7) and to obtaining the x and y coordinates and filling in the new fields (Appendix S8).

1. Data reliability assessment

To determine the accuracy of our new method, we measured the individual locations of Leymus chinensis, a perennial rhizome grass, in representative community blocks 5 m x 5 m in size in typical steppe habitat in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China in July 2010 (Fig. 4 A). As our standard for comparison, we used a ruler to measure the individual coordinates of L. chinensis. We tested for significant differences between (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, and (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler (see section 3.2 Data Analysis). If (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, and (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, did not differ significantly, then we could conclude that our new method of measuring the coordinates of L. chinensis was reliable.

We compared the results using a t-test (Table 1). We found no significant differences in either (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis or (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis. Further, we compared the pattern characteristics of L. chinensis when measured by our new method against the ruler measurements using a null model. We found that the two pattern characteristics of L. chinensis did not differ significantly based on the homogenous Poisson process or complete spatial randomness (Fig. 4 B). Thus, we concluded that the data obtained using our new method was reliable enough to perform point pattern analysis with a null model in grassland communities.

Explore Geospatial Imagery Analytics Market Regional Demand with our comprehensive analysis. Get insights on North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, and other key regions. Access country-level market data and understand market dynamics and growth potential across different regions.

TerraMetrics, Inc., proposes a Phase II R/R&D program to implement the TerraBlocks^TM Server architecture that provides geospatial data authoring, storage and delivery capabilities. TerraBlocks enables successful deployment, display and visual interaction of diverse, massive, multi-dimensional science datasets within popular web-based geospatial platforms like Google Earth and NASA World Wind.

TerraBlocks is a wavelet-encoded data storage technology and server architecture for NASA science data deployment into widely available web-based geospatial applications. The TerraBlocks approach provides dynamic geospatial data services with an emphasis on 1) server and data storage efficiency, 2) maintaining server-to-client science data integrity and 3) offering client-specific delivery of large Earth science geospatial datasets. The TerraBlocks approach bridges the gap between inflexible, but fast, pre-computed tile delivery approaches and highly flexible, but slower, map services approaches.

The pursued technology exploits the use of a network-friendly, wavelet-compressed data format and server architecture that extracts and delivers appropriately-sized blocks of multi-resolution geospatial data to geospatial client applications on demand and in interactive real time.

The Phase II project objective is to provide a complete and fully-functional prototype TerraBlocks data authoring and server software package delivery to NASA and simultaneously set the stage for commercial availability. The Phase III objective is to commercially deploy the TerraBlocks technology, with the collaboration of our commercial and government partners, to provide the enabling basis for widely available third-party data authoring and web-based geospatial application data services.

Summary of Block Group level analyses for Baltimore City. This dataset contains block group level summary information for riparian vegetation, PROW (public right-of-way) vegetation, private land vegetation, and median age of homes. PRIZM codes are also present. The block group boundaries used in this dataset are from year 2000 GDT census data. The riparian analysis involved summarizing the riparian vegetation (forest and grass only) within a 100ft buffer of all 1:24K streams in Baltimore City for only those block groups that intersect the stream buffers. Vegetation data used in this analysis came from the 2001 MD DNR Forest Service IKONOS-derived Strategic Urban Forest Assessment (SUFA) vegetation layer. The amount of riparian forest, grass, and total vegetation was summarized on a block group level. In addition the percent riparian forest, grass, and total vegetation was summarized at block group level by dividing by the area of riparian land. The PROW analysis involved summarizing all PROW (non-parcel) vegetation (forest and grass) in Baltimore City. The PROW area consists of all roads and rights of way along roads. This area was delineated using Baltimore City parcel data by identifying all "non-parcel" areas. A cursory analysis of the "non-parcel" areas indicated that errors of omission were present due to insufficient parcel data. Vegetation data used in this analysis came from the 2001 MD DNR Forest Service IKONOS derived Strategic Urban Forest Assessment (SUFA) vegetation layer. The amount of urparian forest, grass, and total vegetation was summarized on a block group level. In addition the percent urparian forest, grass, and total vegetation was summarized at block group level by dividing by the area of urparian land. The private land area consists of all parcels not classified as "Exempt" or "Exempt Commerical." A cursory analysis of the parcel data indicated that errors of omission were present due to insufficient parcel data in certain block groups. Vegetation data used in this analysis came from the MD DNR Forest Service IKONOS derived Strategic Urban Forest Assessment (SUFA) vegetation layer. The amount of private land forest, grass, and total vegetation was summarized on a block group level. In addition the percent private land forest, grass, and total vegetation was summarized at block group level by dividing by the area of private land. PRIZM codes are generated from demographic and socioeconomic factors drawn from the U.S. Census data, the Claritas Company's PRIZM system classifies over 260,000 U.S. neighborhood markets into clusters. PRIZM codes can be linked with survey information. More information on PRIZM is available at http://www.clusterbigip1.claritas.com/claritas/Default.jsp?main=3&submenu=seg&subcat=segprizm. Median home age was summarized by block group from U.S. Census data. Credits

Measure and Map Access to Grocery StoresFrom the perspective of the people living in each neighborhoodHow do people in your city get to the grocery store? The answer to that question depends on the person and where they live. This web map helps answer the question in this app.Some live in cities and stop by a grocery store within a short walk or bike ride of home or work. Others live in areas where car ownership is more prevalent, and so they drive to a store. Some do not own a vehicle, and rely on a friend or public transit. Others rely on grocery delivery for their needs. And, many live in rural areas far from town, so a trip to a grocery store is an infrequent event involving a long drive.This map from Esri shows which areas are within a ten minute walk or ten minute drive of a grocery store in the United States and Puerto Rico. Darker color indicates access to more stores. The chart shows how many people can walk to a grocery store if they wanted to or needed to.It is estimated that 20% of U.S. population live within a 10 minute walk of a grocery store, and 92% of the population live within a 10 minute drive of a grocery store.Look up your city to see how the numbers change as you move around the map. Or, draw a neighborhood boundary on the map to get numbers for that area.Every census block is scored with a count of walkable and drivable stores nearby, making this a map suitable for a dashboard for any city, or any of the 50 states, DC and Puerto Rico. Two colorful layers visualize this definition of access, one for walkable access (suitable for looking at a city neighborhood by neighborhood) and one for drivable access (suitable for looking across a city, county, region or state).On the walkable layer, shades of green define areas within a ten minute walk of one or more grocery stores. The colors become more intense and trend to a blue-green color for the busiest neighborhoods, such as downtown San Francisco. As you zoom in, a layer of Census block points visualizes the local population with or without walkable access.As you zoom out to see the entire city, the map adds a light blue - to dark blue layer, showing which parts of the region fall within ten minutes' drive of one or more grocery stores. As a result, the map is useful at all scales, from national to regional, state and local levels. It becomes easier to spot grocery stores that sit within a highly populated area, and grocery stores that sit in a shopping center far away from populated areas. This view of a city begins to hint at the question: how many people have each type of access to grocery stores? And, what if they are unable to walk a mile regularly, or don't own a car?How to Use This MapUse this map to introduce the concepts of access to grocery stores in your city or town. This is the kind of map where people will want to look up their home or work address to validate what the map is saying.The map was built with that use in mind. Many maps of access use straight-line, as-the-crow-flies distance, which ignores real-world barriers to walkability like rivers, lakes, interstates and other characteristics of the built environment. Block analysis using a network data set and Origin-Destination analysis factors these barriers in, resulting in a more realistic depiction of access.There is data behind the map, which can be summarized to show how many people have walkable access to local grocery stores. The map includes a feature layer of population in Census block points, which are visible when you zoom in far enough. This feature layer can be plugged into an app like this one that summarizes the population with/without walkable or drivable access.Lastly, this map can serve as backdrop to other community resources, like food banks, farmers markets (example), and transit (example). Add a transit layer to immediately gauge its impact on the population's grocery access. You can also use this map to see how it relates to communities of concern. Add a layer of any block group or tract demographics, such as Percent Senior Population (examples), or Percent of Households with Access to 0 Vehicles (examples).The map is a useful visual and analytic resource for helping community leaders, business and government leaders see their town from the perspective of its residents, and begin asking questions about how their community could be improved.Data sourcesPopulation data is from the 2010 U.S. Census blocks. Each census block has a count of stores within a 10 minute walk, and a count of stores within a ten minute drive. Census blocks known to be unpopulated are given a score of 0. The layer is available as a hosted feature layer.Grocery store locations are from SafeGraph, reflecting what was in the data as of October 2020. Access to the layer was obtained from the SafeGraph offering in ArcGIS Marketplace. For this project, ArcGIS StreetMap Premium was used for the street network in the origin-destination analysis work, because it already has the necessary attributes on each street segment to identify which streets are considered walkable, and supports a wide variety of driving parameters.The walkable access layer and drivable access layers are rasters, whose colors were chosen to allow the drivable access layer to serve as backdrop to the walkable access layer. Alternative versions of these layers are available. These pairs use different colors but are otherwise identical in content.Data PreparationArcGIS Network Analyst was used to set up a network street layer for analysis. ArcGIS StreetMap Premium was installed to a local hard drive and selected in the Origin-Destination workflow as the network data source. This allows the origins (Census block centroids) and destinations (SafeGraph grocery stores) to be connected to that network, to allow origin-destination analysis.The Census blocks layer contains the centroid of each Census block. The data allows a simple popup to be created. This layer's block figures can be summarized further, to tract, county and state levels.The SafeGraph grocery store locations were created by querying the SafeGraph source layer based on primary NAICS code. After connecting to the layer in ArcGIS Pro, a definition query was set to only show records with NAICS code 445110 as an initial screening. The layer was exported to a local disk drive for further definition query refinement, to eliminate any records that were obviously not grocery stores. The final layer used in the analysis had approximately 53,600 records. In this map, this layer is included as a vector tile layer.MethodologyEvery census block in the U.S. was assigned two access scores, whose numbers are simply how many grocery stores are within a 10 minute walk and a 10 minute drive of that census block. Every census block has a score of 0 (no stores), 1, 2 or more stores. The count of accessible stores was determined using Origin-Destination Analysis in ArcGIS Network Analyst, in ArcGIS Pro. A set of Tools in this ArcGIS Pro package allow a similar analysis to be conducted for any city or other area. The Tools step through the data prep and analysis steps. Download the Pro package, open it and substitute your own layers for Origins and Destinations. Parcel centroids are a suggested option for Origins, for example. Origin-Destination analysis was configured, using ArcGIS StreetMap Premium as the network data source. Census block centroids with population greater than zero were used as the Origins, and grocery store locations were used as the Destinations. A cutoff of 10 minutes was used with the Walk Time option. Only one restriction was applied to the street network: Walkable, which means Interstates and other non-walkable street segments were treated appropriately. You see the results in the map: wherever freeway overpasses and underpasses are present near a grocery store, the walkable area extends across/through that pass, but not along the freeway.A cutoff of 10 minutes was used with the Drive Time option. The default restrictions were applied to the street network, which means a typical vehicle's access to all types of roads was factored in.The results for each analysis were captured in the Lines layer, which shows which origins are within the cutoff of each destination over the street network, given the assumptions about that network (walking, or driving a vehicle).The Lines layer was then summarized by census block ID to capture the Maximum value of the Destination_Rank field. A census block within 10 minutes of 3 stores would have 3 records in the Lines layer, but only one value in the summarized table, with a MAX_Destination_Rank field value of 3. This is the number of stores accessible to that census block in the 10 minutes measured, for walking and driving. These data were joined to the block centroids layer and given unique names. At this point, all blocks with zero population or null values in the MAX_Destination_Rank fields were given a store count of 0, to help the next step.Walkable and Drivable areas are calculated into a raster layer, using Nearest Neighbor geoprocessing tool on the count of stores within a 10 minute walk, and a count of stores within a ten minute drive, respectively. This tool uses a 200 meter grid and interpolates the values between each census block. A census tracts layer containing all water polygons "erased" from the census tract boundaries was used as an environment setting, to help constrain interpolation into/across bodies of water. The same layer use used to "shoreline" the Nearest Neighbor results, to eliminate any interpolation into the ocean or Great Lakes. This helped but was not perfect.Notes and LimitationsThe map provides a baseline for discussing access to grocery stores in a city. It does not presume local population has the desire or means to walk or drive to obtain groceries. It does not take elevation gain or loss into account. It does not factor time of day nor weather, seasons, or other variables that affect a

Stamp Out COVID-19An apple a day keeps the doctor away.Linda Angulo LopezDecember 3, 2020https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-where-do-new-viruses-come-from-136105SNAP Participation Rates, was explored and analysed on ArcGIS Pro, the results of which can help decision makers set up further SNAP-D initiatives.In the USA foods are stored in every State and U.S. territory and may be used by state agencies or local disaster relief organizations to provide food to shelters or people who are in need.US Food Stamp Program has been ExtendedThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, SNAP, is a State Organized Food Stamp Program in the USA and was put in place to help individuals and families during this exceptional time. State agencies may request to operate a Disaster Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (D-SNAP) .D-SNAP Interactive DashboardAlmost all States have set up Food Relief Programs, in response to COVID-19.Scroll Down to Learn more about the SNAP Participation Analysis & ResultsSNAP Participation AnalysisInitial results of yearly participation rates to geography show statistically significant trends, to get acquainted with the results, explore the following 3D Time Cube Map:Visualize A Space Time Cube in 3Dhttps://arcg.is/1q8LLPnetCDF ResultsWORKFLOW: a space-time cube was generated as a netCDF structure with the ArcGIS Pro Space-Time Mining Tool : Create a Space Time Cube from Defined Locations, other tools were then used to incorporate the spatial and temporal aspects of the SNAP County Participation Rate Feature to reveal and render statistically significant trends about Nutrition Assistance in the USA.Hot Spot Analysis Explore the results in 2D or 3D.2D Hot Spotshttps://arcg.is/1Pu5WH02D Hot Spot ResultsWORKFLOW: Hot Spot Analysis, with the Hot Spot Analysis Tool shows that there are various trends across the USA for instance the Southeastern States have a mixture of consecutive, intensifying, and oscillating hot spots.3D Hot Spotshttps://arcg.is/1b41T43D Hot Spot ResultsThese trends over time are expanded in the above 3D Map, by inspecting the stacked columns you can see the trends over time which give result to the overall Hot Spot Results.Not all counties have significant trends, symbolized as Never Significant in the Space Time Cubes.Space-Time Pattern Mining AnalysisThe North-central areas of the USA, have mostly diminishing cold spots.2D Space-Time Mininghttps://arcg.is/1PKPj02D Space Time Mining ResultsWORKFLOW: Analysis, with the Emerging Hot Spot Analysis Tool shows that there are various trends across the USA for instance the South-Eastern States have a mixture of consecutive, intensifying, and oscillating hot spots.Results ShowThe USA has counties with persistent malnourished populations, they depend on Food Aide.3D Space-Time Mininghttps://arcg.is/01fTWf3D Space Time Mining ResultsIn addition to obvious planning for consistent Hot-Hot Spot Areas, areas oscillating Hot-Cold and/or Cold-Hot Spots can be identified for further analysis to mitigate the upward trend in food insecurity in the USA, since 2009 which has become even worse since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.After Notes:(i) The Johns Hopkins University has an Interactive Dashboard of the Evolution of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Coronavirus COVID-19 (2019-nCoV)(ii) Since March 2020 in a Response to COVID-19, SNAP has had to extend its benefits to help people in need. The Food Relief is coordinated within States and by local and voluntary organizations to provide nutrition assistance to those most affected by a disaster or emergency.Visit SNAPs Interactive DashboardFood Relief has been extended, reach out to your state SNAP office, if you are in need.(iii) Follow these Steps to build an ArcGIS Pro StoryMap:Step 1: [Get Data][Open An ArcGIS Pro Project][Run a Hot Spot Analysis][Review analysis parameters][Interpret the results][Run an Outlier Analysis][Interpret the results]Step 2: [Open the Space-Time Pattern Mining 2 Map][Create a space-time cube][Visualize a space-time cube in 2D][Visualize a space-time cube in 3D][Run a Local Outlier Analysis][Visualize a Local Outlier Analysis in 3DStep 3: [Communicate Analysis][Identify your Audience & Takeaways][Create an Outline][Find Images][Prepare Maps & Scenes][Create a New Story][Add Story Elements][Add Maps & Scenes] [Review the Story][Publish & Share]A submission for the Esri MOOCSpatial Data Science: The New Frontier in AnalyticsLinda Angulo LopezLauren Bennett . Shannon Kalisky . Flora Vale . Alberto Nieto . Atma Mani . Kevin Johnston . Orhun Aydin . Ankita Bakshi . Vinay Viswambharan . Jennifer Bell & Nick Giner