Dataset for the textbook Computational Methods and GIS Applications in Social Science (3rd Edition), 2023 Fahui Wang, Lingbo Liu Main Book Citation: Wang, F., & Liu, L. (2023). Computational Methods and GIS Applications in Social Science (3rd ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003292302 KNIME Lab Manual Citation: Liu, L., & Wang, F. (2023). Computational Methods and GIS Applications in Social Science - Lab Manual. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003304357 KNIME Hub Dataset and Workflow for Computational Methods and GIS Applications in Social Science-Lab Manual Update Log If Python package not found in Package Management, use ArcGIS Pro's Python Command Prompt to install them, e.g., conda install -c conda-forge python-igraph leidenalg NetworkCommDetPro in CMGIS-V3-Tools was updated on July 10,2024 Add spatial adjacency table into Florida on June 29,2024 The dataset and tool for ABM Crime Simulation were updated on August 3, 2023, The toolkits in CMGIS-V3-Tools was updated on August 3rd,2023. Report Issues on GitHub https://github.com/UrbanGISer/Computational-Methods-and-GIS-Applications-in-Social-Science Following the website of Fahui Wang : http://faculty.lsu.edu/fahui Contents Chapter 1. Getting Started with ArcGIS: Data Management and Basic Spatial Analysis Tools Case Study 1: Mapping and Analyzing Population Density Pattern in Baton Rouge, Louisiana Chapter 2. Measuring Distance and Travel Time and Analyzing Distance Decay Behavior Case Study 2A: Estimating Drive Time and Transit Time in Baton Rouge, Louisiana Case Study 2B: Analyzing Distance Decay Behavior for Hospitalization in Florida Chapter 3. Spatial Smoothing and Spatial Interpolation Case Study 3A: Mapping Place Names in Guangxi, China Case Study 3B: Area-Based Interpolations of Population in Baton Rouge, Louisiana Case Study 3C: Detecting Spatiotemporal Crime Hotspots in Baton Rouge, Louisiana Chapter 4. Delineating Functional Regions and Applications in Health Geography Case Study 4A: Defining Service Areas of Acute Hospitals in Baton Rouge, Louisiana Case Study 4B: Automated Delineation of Hospital Service Areas in Florida Chapter 5. GIS-Based Measures of Spatial Accessibility and Application in Examining Healthcare Disparity Case Study 5: Measuring Accessibility of Primary Care Physicians in Baton Rouge Chapter 6. Function Fittings by Regressions and Application in Analyzing Urban Density Patterns Case Study 6: Analyzing Population Density Patterns in Chicago Urban Area >Chapter 7. Principal Components, Factor and Cluster Analyses and Application in Social Area Analysis Case Study 7: Social Area Analysis in Beijing Chapter 8. Spatial Statistics and Applications in Cultural and Crime Geography Case Study 8A: Spatial Distribution and Clusters of Place Names in Yunnan, China Case Study 8B: Detecting Colocation Between Crime Incidents and Facilities Case Study 8C: Spatial Cluster and Regression Analyses of Homicide Patterns in Chicago Chapter 9. Regionalization Methods and Application in Analysis of Cancer Data Case Study 9: Constructing Geographical Areas for Mapping Cancer Rates in Louisiana Chapter 10. System of Linear Equations and Application of Garin-Lowry in Simulating Urban Population and Employment Patterns Case Study 10: Simulating Population and Service Employment Distributions in a Hypothetical City Chapter 11. Linear and Quadratic Programming and Applications in Examining Wasteful Commuting and Allocating Healthcare Providers Case Study 11A: Measuring Wasteful Commuting in Columbus, Ohio Case Study 11B: Location-Allocation Analysis of Hospitals in Rural China Chapter 12. Monte Carlo Method and Applications in Urban Population and Traffic Simulations Case Study 12A. Examining Zonal Effect on Urban Population Density Functions in Chicago by Monte Carlo Simulation Case Study 12B: Monte Carlo-Based Traffic Simulation in Baton Rouge, Louisiana Chapter 13. Agent-Based Model and Application in Crime Simulation Case Study 13: Agent-Based Crime Simulation in Baton Rouge, Louisiana Chapter 14. Spatiotemporal Big Data Analytics and Application in Urban Studies Case Study 14A: Exploring Taxi Trajectory in ArcGIS Case Study 14B: Identifying High Traffic Corridors and Destinations in Shanghai Dataset File Structure 1 BatonRouge Census.gdb BR.gdb 2A BatonRouge BR_Road.gdb Hosp_Address.csv TransitNetworkTemplate.xml BR_GTFS Google API Pro.tbx 2B Florida FL_HSA.gdb R_ArcGIS_Tools.tbx (RegressionR) 3A China_GX GX.gdb 3B BatonRouge BR.gdb 3C BatonRouge BRcrime R_ArcGIS_Tools.tbx (STKDE) 4A BatonRouge BRRoad.gdb 4B Florida FL_HSA.gdb HSA Delineation Pro.tbx Huff Model Pro.tbx FLplgnAdjAppend.csv 5 BRMSA BRMSA.gdb Accessibility Pro.tbx 6 Chicago ChiUrArea.gdb R_ArcGIS_Tools.tbx (RegressionR) 7 Beijing BJSA.gdb bjattr.csv R_ArcGIS_Tools.tbx (PCAandFA, BasicClustering) 8A Yunnan YN.gdb R_ArcGIS_Tools.tbx (SaTScanR) 8B Jiangsu JS.gdb 8C Chicago ChiCity.gdb cityattr.csv ...

Geographic Information System (GIS) Tools Market Outlook

The global Geographic Information System (GIS) tools market size was valued at approximately USD 10.8 billion in 2023, and it is projected to reach USD 21.5 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9% from 2024 to 2032. The increasing demand for spatial data analytics and the rising adoption of GIS tools across various industries are significant growth factors propelling the market forward.

One of the primary growth factors for the GIS tools market is the surging demand for spatial data analytics. Spatial data plays a critical role in numerous sectors, including urban planning, environmental monitoring, disaster management, and natural resource exploration. The ability to visualize and analyze spatial data provides organizations with valuable insights, enabling them to make informed decisions. Advances in technology, such as the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) with GIS, are enhancing the capabilities of these tools, further driving market growth.

Moreover, the increasing adoption of GIS tools in the construction and agriculture sectors is fueling market expansion. In construction, GIS tools are used for site selection, route planning, and resource management, enhancing operational efficiency and reducing costs. Similarly, in agriculture, GIS tools aid in precision farming, crop monitoring, and soil analysis, leading to improved crop yields and sustainable farming practices. The ability of GIS tools to provide real-time data and analytics is particularly beneficial in these industries, contributing to their widespread adoption.

The growing importance of location-based services (LBS) in various applications is another key driver for the GIS tools market. LBS are extensively used in navigation, logistics, and transportation, providing real-time location information and route optimization. The proliferation of smartphones and the development of advanced GPS technologies have significantly increased the demand for LBS, thereby boosting the GIS tools market. Additionally, the integration of GIS with other technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data, is creating new opportunities for market growth.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the GIS tools market, driven by the high adoption of advanced technologies and the presence of major market players. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, owing to increasing investments in infrastructure development, smart city projects, and the growing use of GIS tools in emerging economies such as China and India. Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa are also expected to contribute to market growth, driven by various government initiatives and increasing awareness of the benefits of GIS tools.

Component Analysis

The GIS tools market can be segmented by component into software, hardware, and services. The software segment is anticipated to dominate the market due to the increasing demand for advanced GIS software solutions that offer enhanced data visualization, spatial analysis, and decision-making capabilities. GIS software encompasses a wide range of applications, including mapping, spatial data analysis, and geospatial data management, making it indispensable for various industries. The continuous development of user-friendly and feature-rich software solutions is expected to drive the growth of this segment.

Hardware components in the GIS tools market include devices such as GPS units, remote sensing devices, and plotting and digitizing tools. The hardware segment is also expected to witness substantial growth, driven by the increasing use of advanced hardware devices that provide accurate and real-time spatial data. The advancements in GPS technology and the development of sophisticated remote sensing devices are key factors contributing to the growth of the hardware segment. Additionally, the integration of hardware with IoT and AI technologies is enhancing the capabilities of GIS tools, further propelling market expansion.

The services segment includes consulting, integration, maintenance, and support services related to GIS tools. This segment is expected to grow significantly, driven by the increasing demand for specialized services that help organizations effectively implement and manage GIS solutions. Consulting services assist organizations in selecting the right GIS tools and optimizing their use, while integration services ensure seamless integr

In this seminar, you will learn about the spatial analysis tools built directly into the ArcGIS.com map viewer. You will learn of the spatial analysis capabilities in ArcGIS Online for Organizations, whether for analyzing your own data, data that's publicly available on ArcGIS Online, or a combination of both. You will learn the overall features and benefits of ArcGIS Online Analysis, how to get started, and how to choose the right approach in order to solve a specific spatial problem.

The Spatial Analysis Software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of cloud-based solutions, the expanding use of drones and other data acquisition technologies for precise geographic data collection, and the rising demand for advanced analytics across diverse sectors. The market's expansion is fueled by the need for efficient geospatial data processing and interpretation in applications such as urban planning, infrastructure development, environmental monitoring, and precision agriculture. Key trends include the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) for automating analysis and improving accuracy, the proliferation of readily available satellite imagery and sensor data, and the growing adoption of 3D modeling and visualization techniques. While data security concerns and the high initial investment costs for advanced software solutions pose some restraints, the overall market outlook remains positive, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) exceeding 10% (a reasonable estimate based on the rapid technological advancements and market penetration observed in related sectors). This growth is expected to be particularly strong in the North American and Asia-Pacific regions, driven by substantial government investments in infrastructure projects and burgeoning private sector adoption. The segmentation by application (architecture, engineering, and other sectors) reflects the versatility of spatial analysis software, enabling its use across various industries. Similarly, the choice between cloud-based and locally deployed solutions caters to specific organizational needs and technical capabilities. The competitive landscape is characterized by both established players and emerging technology companies, showcasing the dynamic nature of the market. Major players like Autodesk, Bentley Systems, and Trimble are leveraging their existing portfolios to integrate advanced spatial analysis capabilities, while smaller companies are focusing on niche applications and innovative analytical techniques. The ongoing advancements in both hardware and software, coupled with increasing data availability and affordability, are set to further fuel the market's growth in the coming years. The historical period (2019-2024) likely witnessed moderate growth as the market matured, laying the foundation for the accelerated expansion expected during the forecast period (2025-2033). Continued innovation and industry convergence will be key drivers shaping the future trajectory of the Spatial Analysis Software market.

A major objective of plant ecology research is to determine the underlying processes responsible for the observed spatial distribution patterns of plant species. Plants can be approximated as points in space for this purpose, and thus, spatial point pattern analysis has become increasingly popular in ecological research. The basic piece of data for point pattern analysis is a point location of an ecological object in some study region. Therefore, point pattern analysis can only be performed if data can be collected. However, due to the lack of a convenient sampling method, a few previous studies have used point pattern analysis to examine the spatial patterns of grassland species. This is unfortunate because being able to explore point patterns in grassland systems has widespread implications for population dynamics, community-level patterns and ecological processes. In this study, we develop a new method to measure individual coordinates of species in grassland communities. This method records plant growing positions via digital picture samples that have been sub-blocked within a geographical information system (GIS). Here, we tested out the new method by measuring the individual coordinates of Stipa grandis in grazed and ungrazed S. grandis communities in a temperate steppe ecosystem in China. Furthermore, we analyzed the pattern of S. grandis by using the pair correlation function g(r) with both a homogeneous Poisson process and a heterogeneous Poisson process. Our results showed that individuals of S. grandis were overdispersed according to the homogeneous Poisson process at 0-0.16 m in the ungrazed community, while they were clustered at 0.19 m according to the homogeneous and heterogeneous Poisson processes in the grazed community. These results suggest that competitive interactions dominated the ungrazed community, while facilitative interactions dominated the grazed community. In sum, we successfully executed a new sampling method, using digital photography and a Geographical Information System, to collect experimental data on the spatial point patterns for the populations in this grassland community.

Literature review dataset

This table lists the surveyed papers concerning the application of spatial analysis, GIS (Geographic Information Systems) as well as general geographic approaches and geostatistics, to the assessment of CoViD-19 dynamics. The period of survey is from January 1^st, 2020 to December 15^th, 2020. The first column lists the reference. The second lists the date of publication (preferably, the date of online publication). The third column lists the Country or the Countries and/or the subnational entities investigated. The fourth column lists the epidemiological data utilized in each paper. The fifth column lists other types of data utilized for the analysis. The sixth column lists the more traditionally statistically-based methods, if utilized. The seventh column lists the geo-statistical, GIS or geographic methods, if utilized. The eight column sums up the findings of each paper. The papers are also classified within seven thematic categories. The full references are available at the end of the table in alphabetical order.

This table was the basis for the realization of a comprehensive geographic literature review. It aims to be a useful tool to ease the "due-diligence" activity of all the researchers interested in the spatial analysis of the pandemic.

The reference to cite the related paper is the following:

Pranzo, A.M.R., Dai Prà, E. & Besana, A. Epidemiological geography at work: An exploratory review about the overall findings of spatial analysis applied to the study of CoViD-19 propagation along the first pandemic year. GeoJournal (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-022-10601-y

To read the manuscript please follow this link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-022-10601-y

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Geographic Information System Analytics Market Size 2024-2028

The geographic information system analytics market size is forecast to increase by USD 12 billion at a CAGR of 12.41% between 2023 and 2028.

The GIS Analytics Market analysis is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing need for efficient land management and emerging methods in data collection and generation. The defense industry's reliance on geospatial technology for situational awareness and real-time location monitoring is a major factor fueling market expansion. Additionally, the oil and gas industry's adoption of GIS for resource exploration and management is a key trend. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and smart city initiatives are also contributing to market growth, as they require multiple layered maps for effective planning and implementation. The Internet of Things (IoT) and Software as a Service (SaaS) are transforming GIS analytics by enabling real-time data processing and analysis.
Augmented reality is another emerging trend, as it enhances the user experience and provides valuable insights through visual overlays. Overall, heavy investments are required for setting up GIS stations and accessing data sources, making this a promising market for technology innovators and investors alike.

What will be the Size of the GIS Analytics Market during the forecast period?

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The geographic information system analytics market encompasses various industries, including government sectors, agriculture, and infrastructure development. Smart city projects, building information modeling, and infrastructure development are key areas driving market growth. Spatial data plays a crucial role in sectors such as transportation, mining, and oil and gas. Cloud technology is transforming GIS analytics by enabling real-time data access and analysis. Startups are disrupting traditional GIS markets with innovative location-based services and smart city planning solutions. Infrastructure development in sectors like construction and green buildings relies on modern GIS solutions for efficient planning and management. Smart utilities and telematics navigation are also leveraging GIS analytics for improved operational efficiency.
GIS technology is essential for zoning and land use management, enabling data-driven decision-making. Smart public works and urban planning projects utilize mapping and geospatial technology for effective implementation. Surveying is another sector that benefits from advanced GIS solutions. Overall, the GIS analytics market is evolving, with a focus on providing actionable insights to businesses and organizations.

How is this Geographic Information System Analytics Industry segmented?

The geographic information system analytics industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

End-user

  Retail and Real Estate
  Government
  Utilities
  Telecom
  Manufacturing and Automotive
  Agriculture
  Construction
  Mining
  Transportation
  Healthcare
  Defense and Intelligence
  Energy
  Education and Research
  BFSI


Components

  Software
  Services


Deployment Modes

  On-Premises
  Cloud-Based


Applications

  Urban and Regional Planning
  Disaster Management
  Environmental Monitoring Asset Management
  Surveying and Mapping
  Location-Based Services
  Geospatial Business Intelligence
  Natural Resource Management


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    South Korea


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World

By End-user Insights

The retail and real estate segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The GIS analytics market analysis is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing demand for advanced technologies in various industries. In the retail sector, for instance, retailers are utilizing GIS analytics to gain a competitive edge by analyzing customer demographics and buying patterns through real-time location monitoring and multiple layered maps. The retail industry's success relies heavily on these insights for effective marketing strategies. Moreover, the defense industries are integrating GIS analytics into their operations for infrastructure development, permitting, and public safety. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and 4D GIS software are increasingly being adopted for construction project workflows, while urban planning and designing require geospatial data for smart city planning and site selection.

The oil and gas industry is leveraging satellite imaging and IoT devices for land acquisition and mining operations. In the public sector,

Location Analytics Market Outlook

The global location analytics market size was valued at approximately USD 18.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 65.4 billion by 2032, growing at a robust CAGR of 15.2% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2032. This impressive growth can be attributed to the escalating demand for spatial data and analytical solutions across various industries, aiming to enhance decision-making processes and optimize business operations.

One of the primary growth factors driving the location analytics market is the increasing use of smartphones and the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. These advancements have led to an explosion of location-based data, offering businesses the capability to analyze real-time information and make informed decisions. Moreover, the integration of location analytics with Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies has further enhanced the scope of applications, making it indispensable for sectors such as retail, transportation, and healthcare.

Another significant growth driver is the rising need for businesses to gain a competitive edge through location-based insights. Companies are leveraging location analytics to understand customer behaviors, optimize supply chains, and enhance marketing strategies. For instance, retail businesses are increasingly using location analytics to determine ideal store locations, manage inventory efficiently, and provide personalized customer experiences. Similarly, in the transportation and logistics sector, location analytics is crucial for route optimization, fleet management, and reducing operational costs.

The emergence of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is also catalyzing the growth of the location analytics market. By incorporating AI and ML algorithms, location analytics solutions can offer predictive insights and trend analyses, enabling businesses to anticipate market changes and act proactively. This technological advancement is particularly beneficial for risk management and emergency response applications, where timely and accurate data is critical.

In this context, Points-of-Interest (POI) Data Solutions have emerged as a crucial component in the location analytics ecosystem. POI data provides detailed information about specific locations, such as businesses, landmarks, and other significant places, which can be leveraged by companies to enhance their spatial analysis capabilities. By integrating POI data, businesses can gain deeper insights into consumer behavior, optimize location-based services, and improve decision-making processes. This data is particularly valuable for sectors like retail and hospitality, where understanding the proximity and accessibility of various points of interest can significantly impact customer engagement and operational efficiency. As the demand for precise and comprehensive location data continues to grow, POI Data Solutions are set to play a pivotal role in advancing the capabilities of location analytics platforms.

Regionally, North America is expected to dominate the location analytics market due to the early adoption of advanced technologies and the presence of major market players in the region. Additionally, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness significant growth, driven by the rapid urbanization, increasing smartphone penetration, and government initiatives promoting smart city projects. Europe is also poised for substantial growth, supported by stringent data regulations and the growing demand for spatial data analytics in various industries.

Component Analysis

The location analytics market can be segmented by component into software and services. The software segment includes tools and platforms that facilitate spatial data analysis, while the services segment encompasses consulting, integration, and maintenance services. The software segment is expected to hold a significant market share due to the increasing adoption of location analytics software solutions by enterprises to gain actionable insights from spatial data. These software solutions are designed to integrate seamlessly with existing business systems, providing users with real-time data analysis and visualization capabilities.

Location analytics software is further categorized into desktop, mobile, and web-based platforms. Desktop solutions are traditionally used for comprehensive geospati

The market for GIS Mapping Tools is projected to reach a value of $XX million by 2033, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period (2025-2033). The market growth is attributed to the increasing adoption of GIS mapping tools by various industries, including government, utilities, and telecom, for a wide range of applications such as geological exploration, water conservancy projects, and urban planning. The convergence of GIS with other technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is further driving market growth, as these technologies enable GIS mapping tools to provide more accurate and real-time data analysis. The market is segmented by type (cloud-based, web-based), application (geological exploration, water conservancy projects, urban planning, others), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa). North America is expected to remain the largest market for GIS mapping tools throughout the forecast period, due to the early adoption of these technologies and the presence of leading vendors such as Esri, MapInfo, and Autodesk. Asia Pacific is expected to experience the highest growth rate during the forecast period, due to the increasing adoption of GIS mapping tools in emerging economies such as China and India. Key industry players include Golden Software Surfer, Geoway, QGIS, GRASS GIS, Google Earth Pro, CARTO, Maptive, Shenzhen Edraw Software, MapGIS, Oasis montaj, DIVA-GIS, Esri, MapInfo, Autodesk, BatchGeo, Cadcorp, Hexagon, Mapbox, Trimble, and ArcGIS.

The Geographic Information System (GIS) Analytics market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $15.10 billion in 2025 and maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12.41% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Increasing adoption of cloud-based GIS solutions enhances accessibility and scalability for diverse industries. The growing need for data-driven decision-making across sectors like retail, real estate, government, and telecommunications is a significant catalyst. Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) integrated with GIS analytics are revolutionizing spatial data analysis, enabling more sophisticated predictive modeling and insightful interpretations. The market's segmentation reflects this broad adoption, with retail and real estate, government and utilities, and telecommunications representing key end-user segments, each leveraging GIS analytics for distinct applications such as location optimization, infrastructure management, and network planning. Competitive pressures are shaping the market landscape, with established players like Esri, Trimble, and Autodesk innovating alongside emerging tech companies focusing on AI and specialized solutions. The North American market currently holds a significant share, driven by early adoption and technological advancements. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness substantial growth due to rapid urbanization and increasing investment in infrastructure projects. Market restraints primarily involve the high cost of implementation and maintenance of advanced GIS analytics solutions and the need for skilled professionals to effectively utilize these technologies. However, the overall outlook remains extremely positive, driven by continuous technological innovation and escalating demand across multiple sectors. The future trajectory of the GIS analytics market hinges on several factors. Continued investment in research and development, especially in AI and ML integration, will be crucial for unlocking new possibilities. Furthermore, the simplification of GIS analytics software and the development of user-friendly interfaces will broaden accessibility beyond specialized technical experts. Growing data volumes from various sources (IoT, remote sensing) present both opportunities and challenges; efficient data management and analytics techniques will be paramount. The market's success also depends on addressing cybersecurity concerns related to sensitive geospatial data. Strong partnerships between technology providers and end-users will be vital in optimizing solution implementation and maximizing return on investment. Government initiatives promoting the use of GIS technology for smart city development and infrastructure planning will also play a significant role in market expansion. Overall, the GIS analytics market is poised for sustained growth, driven by technological advancements, increasing data availability, and heightened demand for location-based intelligence across a wide range of industries.

The global GIS mapping tools market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $39 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising adoption of cloud-based GIS solutions offers enhanced accessibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, particularly appealing to smaller organizations. Secondly, the burgeoning need for precise spatial data analysis in various applications, including urban planning, geological exploration, and water resource management, significantly contributes to market growth. Thirdly, advancements in technologies such as AI and machine learning are integrating into GIS tools, leading to more sophisticated analytical capabilities and improved decision-making. Finally, the increasing availability of high-resolution satellite imagery and other geospatial data further fuels market expansion. However, market growth is not without challenges. High initial investment costs associated with implementing and maintaining sophisticated GIS systems can pose a barrier to entry for smaller businesses. Furthermore, the complexity of GIS software and the need for specialized skills to operate and interpret data effectively can limit widespread adoption. Despite these restraints, the market’s overall trajectory remains positive, with the cloud-based segment projected to maintain a dominant market share due to its inherent advantages. Growth will be geographically diverse, with North America and Europe continuing to be significant markets, while Asia-Pacific is expected to experience the fastest growth due to rapid urbanization and infrastructure development. The continued development of user-friendly interfaces and increased integration with other business intelligence tools will further accelerate market expansion in the coming years.

The global GIS mapping tools market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors: the rising adoption of cloud-based GIS solutions offering enhanced accessibility and scalability, the escalating need for precise spatial data analysis in urban planning and resource management, and the expanding application of GIS in geological exploration for efficient resource discovery and extraction. Furthermore, advancements in location-based services (LBS) and the integration of GIS with other technologies such as IoT and AI are creating new opportunities and driving market expansion. While the market size in 2025 is estimated at $15 billion (a reasonable assumption considering similar market sizes for related technologies), the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) is projected to remain strong, likely exceeding 8% through 2033. This sustained growth indicates a highly promising market outlook for vendors and investors. However, market growth is not without challenges. High initial investment costs for sophisticated GIS software and the requirement for skilled personnel to operate and maintain these systems can pose barriers to entry, particularly for smaller organizations. Additionally, data security concerns and the need for robust data management strategies are critical factors impacting market adoption. Despite these constraints, the continued integration of GIS tools into various business processes and the growing availability of user-friendly, affordable solutions are expected to mitigate these challenges and propel the market towards sustained and significant growth in the coming years. Segmentation reveals a strong preference for cloud-based solutions due to their flexibility and cost-effectiveness, with the geological exploration and urban planning applications exhibiting the highest growth rates. Key players such as Esri, Autodesk, and Hexagon are strategically positioned to capitalize on these trends.

The Regional Crime Analysis GIS (RCAGIS) is an Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) MapObjects-based system that was developed by the United States Department of Justice Criminal Division Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Staff, in conjunction with the Baltimore County Police Department and the Regional Crime Analysis System (RCAS) group, to facilitate the analysis of crime on a regional basis. The RCAGIS system was designed specifically to assist in the analysis of crime incident data across jurisdictional boundaries. Features of the system include: (1) three modes, each designed for a specific level of analysis (simple queries, crime analysis, or reports), (2) wizard-driven (guided) incident database queries, (3) graphical tools for the creation, saving, and printing of map layout files, (4) an interface with CrimeStat spatial statistics software developed by Ned Levine and Associates for advanced analysis tools such as hot spot surfaces and ellipses, (5) tools for graphically viewing and analyzing historical crime trends in specific areas, and (6) linkage tools for drawing connections between vehicle theft and recovery locations, incident locations and suspects' homes, and between attributes in any two loaded shapefiles. RCAGIS also supports digital imagery, such as orthophotos and other raster data sources, and geographic source data in multiple projections. RCAGIS can be configured to support multiple incident database backends and varying database schemas using a field mapping utility.

ArcGIS has many analysis and geoprocessing tools that can help you solve real-world problems with your data. In some cases, you are able to run individual tools to complete an analysis. But sometimes you may require a more comprehensive way to create, share, and document your analysis workflow.In these situations, you can use a built-in application called ModelBuilder to create a workflow that you can reuse, modify, save, and share with others.In this course, you will learn the basics of working with ModelBuilder and creating models. Models contain many different elements, many of which you will learn about. You will also learn how to work with models that others create and share with you. Sharing models is one of the major advantages of working with ModelBuilder and models in general. You will learn how to prepare a model for sharing by setting various model parameters.After completing this course, you will be able to:Identify model elements and states.Describe a prebuilt model's processes and outputs.Create and document models for site selection and network analysis.Define model parameters and prepare a model for sharing.

The global spatial analysis software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing adoption across diverse sectors. The market, currently valued at approximately $5 billion (estimated based on typical market sizes for similar software segments), is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The rising availability of geospatial data, coupled with advancements in cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI), is enabling more sophisticated and accessible spatial analysis capabilities. Industries such as urban planning, environmental management, logistics, and retail are leveraging these advancements for optimized resource allocation, improved decision-making, and enhanced operational efficiency. The integration of spatial analysis tools into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) platforms further enhances market penetration, streamlining workflows and facilitating comprehensive data analysis. Demand for predictive modeling and location intelligence solutions is also a major growth driver, particularly among businesses seeking to understand customer behavior, optimize supply chains, and mitigate risks. However, market growth is not without its challenges. The high cost of implementation and maintenance of advanced spatial analysis software can be a barrier to entry for smaller organizations. Furthermore, the complexity of these tools requires skilled professionals, leading to a shortage of trained personnel in some regions. Despite these restraints, the long-term outlook for the spatial analysis software market remains positive, with continued innovation and wider adoption expected across various applications and geographic locations. Specific segments like those focused on 3D spatial analysis and real-time data processing are anticipated to experience particularly strong growth in the coming years. The increasing prevalence of big data and the need for effective data visualization are key elements underpinning this dynamic market.

Dissertation and dataset present an archaeological study of the Huarmey Valley region, located on the northern coast of Peru. My work uses modern and innovative digital methods. My research focuses on better understanding the location of one of the most important sites in the valley, Castillo de Huarmey, by learning about the context in which it functioned. The Imperial Mausoleum located at the site, along with the burial chamber beneath it, is considered one of the most important discoveries regarding the Wari culture in recent years.In the dissertation, I address issues concerning both the location of the site on a macro scale - in the entire Huarmey Valley, on a micro scale - the context of the Huarmey Valley delta – and the spatial relationships within the burial chamber located beneath the Mausoleum. I ask the questions (i) How did Castillo de Huarmey communicate with other sites dated to the same period located in the valley and also in adjacent valleys? Did this influence its role in the region? (ii) Is the Mausoleum at Castillo de Huarmey located intentionally and what was the meaning of this location at the micro and macro scale? (iii) What spatial relations existed between Castillo de Huarmey and other sites from the same period? (iv) Does the position of the artifacts, found in situ in the burial chamber, show important relationships between buried individuals? (v) Does spatial analysis show interesting spatial patterns within the burial inside the chamber?The questions can be answered by describing and testing the digital methods proposed in the doctoral dissertation related to both field data collection and their analysis and interpretation. These methods were selected and adapted to a specific area (the Northern Coast of Peru) and to the objective of answering the questions posed in the thesis. The wide range of digital methods used in archaeology is made possible by the use of Geographic Information Systems (abbreviated GIS) in research. To date, GIS in archaeology is used in three aspects (Wheatley and Gillings 2002): (i) statistical and spatial analysis to obtain new information, (ii) landscape archaeology, and (iii) Cultural Resource Management.My dissertation is divided into three main components that discuss the types of digital methods used in archaeology. The division of these methods will be adapted to the level of detail of the research (from the location of the site in the region, to the delta of the Huarmey Valley, to the burial chamber of the Mausoleum) and to the way they are used in archaeology (from Cultural Resource Management, to archaeological landscape analysis, to statistical-spatial analysis). One of the aims of the dissertation is to show the methodological path of the use of digital methods, i.e. from the acquisition of data in the field, through analysis, to their interpretation in a cultural context. However, the main objective of my research is to interpret the spatial relationships from the macro to the micro level, in the case described, against the background of other sites located in the valley, the location of Castillo de Huarmey in the context of the valley delta, and finally to the burial chamber of the Mausoleum. The uniqueness of the described burial makes the research and its results pioneering in nature.As a final result of my work I would like to determine whether relationships can be demonstrated between the women buried in the burial chamber and whether the location of particular categories of artifacts can illustrate specific spatial patterns of burial. Furthermore, my goal is to attempt to understand the relationship between the Imperial Mausoleum and other sites (archival as well as newly discovered) located in the Huarmey Valley and to understand the role of the site's location.Published dataset represents, described in the dissertation, mobile GIS survey on the site PV35-5 created in Survey123, ESRI application; xml and xls used for creating the survey that was used during the research of the site, as well as the results of the survey published in ArcGIS Pro package. The package includes collected data as points, saved as .shp, as well as ortophotomaps (as geotiff) and Digital Elevation Model and hillshade of PV35-5. The published dataset represents part of the dissertation describing archaeological landscape analysis of Huarmey Valley’s delta.

The global GIS mapping tools market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $28 billion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the burgeoning adoption of cloud-based solutions offers scalability, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced accessibility to a wider user base, including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Secondly, the escalating need for precise spatial data analysis in various applications, such as urban planning, geological exploration, and water resource management, is significantly boosting market demand. The increasing integration of GIS with other technologies like AI and IoT further amplifies its capabilities, leading to more sophisticated applications and increased market penetration. Finally, government initiatives promoting digitalization and smart city development across the globe are indirectly fueling this market expansion. However, certain restraints limit market growth. The high initial investment cost for advanced GIS software and the requirement for skilled professionals to operate these systems can be a barrier, especially for smaller organizations. Additionally, data security and privacy concerns related to the handling of sensitive geographical information pose challenges to wider adoption. Market segmentation reveals strong growth in the cloud-based GIS segment, driven by its inherent advantages, while applications in urban planning and geological exploration lead the application-based segmentation. North America and Europe currently hold significant market shares, with strong growth potential in the Asia-Pacific region due to increasing infrastructure development and government investments. Leading companies like Esri, Hexagon, and Autodesk are shaping the market landscape through continuous innovation and competitive pricing strategies, while the emergence of open-source options like QGIS and GRASS GIS provides alternative, cost-effective solutions.

Geographic Information System (GIS) Tools Market Outlook

The global Geographic Information System (GIS) Tools market is poised for significant expansion, with a projected market size of approximately $15.2 billion in 2023, anticipated to reach $28.6 billion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.3%. This growth can be attributed to the increasing integration of advanced GIS technologies across various sectors such as agriculture, transportation, and government services, driven by the need for efficient data management and spatial analysis capabilities. The adoption of GIS tools is further influenced by the growing demand for real-time geographic data, which plays a crucial role in decision-making processes across multiple industries.

One of the primary growth factors for the GIS Tools market is the burgeoning demand for high-precision mapping and spatial data analytics. Industries such as agriculture and construction are increasingly relying on GIS technology to optimize resource management and streamline operations. The ability of GIS tools to provide detailed insights into geographical patterns and trends allows companies to make informed decisions, thereby improving operational efficiency and reducing costs. Additionally, advancements in remote sensing technology and data collection methods have significantly enhanced the accuracy and reliability of GIS data, further fueling its adoption across various sectors.

The increasing deployment of GIS tools in urban planning and smart city projects is another key driver of market growth. Governments worldwide are leveraging GIS technology to enhance infrastructure planning, improve public services, and manage environmental resources more effectively. The integration of GIS in smart city initiatives enables authorities to monitor and manage urban environments in real-time, leading to better resource allocation and improved quality of life for residents. As cities continue to expand and evolve, the demand for advanced GIS solutions is expected to grow exponentially, providing significant opportunities for market players.

Furthermore, the rise of location-based services and telematics has expanded the application of GIS tools in the transportation and logistics sectors. Companies are utilizing GIS technology to optimize route planning, track assets, and enhance supply chain management. The integration of GIS with telematics systems allows for real-time monitoring and analysis of vehicle movements, improving fleet efficiency and reducing operational costs. As the transportation industry continues to embrace digital transformation, the demand for GIS tools is likely to increase, further driving market growth.

In terms of regional outlook, North America currently leads the GIS Tools market, driven by high adoption rates of advanced technologies and significant investments in infrastructure development. The presence of major GIS solution providers and a well-established IT infrastructure further contribute to the region's dominance. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth during the forecast period, driven by rapid urbanization, increasing government initiatives for infrastructure development, and the growing adoption of GIS technology in emerging economies such as China and India. Europe and the Middle East & Africa regions are also expected to experience steady growth, supported by advancements in GIS applications and the rising need for efficient spatial data management solutions.

The role of a Gis Data Collector is increasingly becoming pivotal in the GIS Tools market. These professionals are responsible for gathering, verifying, and maintaining the spatial data that forms the backbone of GIS applications. With the growing emphasis on high-precision mapping and real-time data analysis, the demand for skilled Gis Data Collectors is on the rise. They play a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of geospatial information, which is essential for effective decision-making across various sectors. As industries continue to leverage advanced GIS technologies, the expertise of Gis Data Collectors will be indispensable in facilitating seamless data integration and enhancing the overall quality of GIS solutions.

Component Analysis

The GIS Tools market can be segmented by component into software, hardware, and services, each playing a vital role in the overall market dynamics. The software segment is expected to hold the largest market

Participatory GIS data of sea turtle sightings and vessel routes from fishers, including environmental data (chlorophyll and bathymetry). It is supplemental material from PeerJ submission #80425 (Mapping critical areas for sea turtles with small-scale fishers in Northeast Brazil)

Geographic Information System (GIS) Software Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Geographic Information System (GIS) Software market size reached USD 11.6 billion in 2024, reflecting a robust demand for spatial data analytics and location-based services across various industries. The market is experiencing a significant growth trajectory, driven by a CAGR of 12.4% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the GIS Software market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 33.5 billion. This remarkable expansion is primarily attributed to the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and cloud computing, which are enhancing the capabilities and accessibility of GIS platforms.

One of the major growth factors propelling the GIS Software market is the increasing adoption of location-based services across urban planning, transportation, and utilities management. Governments and private organizations are leveraging GIS solutions to optimize infrastructure development, streamline resource allocation, and improve emergency response times. The proliferation of smart city initiatives worldwide has further fueled the demand for GIS tools, as urban planners and municipal authorities require accurate spatial data for effective decision-making. Additionally, the evolution of 3D GIS and real-time mapping technologies is enabling more sophisticated modeling and simulation, expanding the scope of GIS applications beyond traditional mapping to include predictive analytics and scenario planning.

Another significant driver for the GIS Software market is the rapid digitization of industries such as agriculture, mining, and oil & gas. Precision agriculture, for example, relies heavily on GIS platforms to monitor crop health, manage irrigation, and enhance yield forecasting. Similarly, the mining sector uses GIS for exploration, environmental impact assessment, and asset management. The integration of remote sensing data with GIS software is providing stakeholders with actionable insights, leading to higher efficiency and reduced operational risks. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on environmental sustainability and regulatory compliance is prompting organizations to invest in advanced GIS solutions for monitoring land use, tracking deforestation, and managing natural resources.

The expanding use of cloud-based GIS solutions is also a key factor driving market growth. Cloud deployment offers scalability, cost-effectiveness, and remote accessibility, making GIS tools more accessible to small and medium enterprises as well as large organizations. The cloud model supports real-time data sharing and collaboration, which is particularly valuable for disaster management and emergency response teams. As organizations increasingly prioritize digital transformation, the demand for cloud-native GIS platforms is expected to rise, supported by advancements in data security, interoperability, and integration with other enterprise systems.

Regionally, North America remains the largest market for GIS Software, accounting for a significant share of global revenues. This leadership is underpinned by substantial investments in smart infrastructure, advanced transportation systems, and environmental monitoring programs. The Asia Pacific region, however, is witnessing the fastest growth, driven by rapid urbanization, government-led digital initiatives, and the expansion of the utility and agriculture sectors. Europe continues to demonstrate steady adoption, particularly in environmental management and urban planning, while Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging as promising markets due to increasing investments in infrastructure and resource management.

Component Analysis

The GIS Software market is segmented by component into Software and Services, each playing a pivotal role in the overall value chain. The software segment includes comprehensive GIS platforms, spatial analytics tools, and specialized applications