Abstract : The search for the most appropriate GIS data model to integrate, manipulate and analyse spatio-temporal data raises several research questions about the conceptualisation of geographic spaces. Although there is now a general consensus that many environmental phenomena require field and object conceptualisations to provide a comprehensive GIS representation, there is still a need for better integration of these dual representations of space within a formal spatio-temporal database. The research presented in this paper introduces a hybrid and formal dual data model for the representation of spatio-temporal data. The whole approach has been fully implemented in PostgreSQL and its spatial extension PostGIS, where the SQL language is extended by a series of data type constructions and manipulation functions to support hybrid queries. The potential of the approach is illustrated by an application to underwater geomorphological dynamics oriented towards the monitoring of the evolution of seabed changes. A series of performance and scalability experiments are also reported to demonstrate the computational performance of the model.Data Description : The data set used in our research is a set of bathymetric surveys recorded over three years from 2009 to 2011 as Digital Terrain Models (DTM) with 2m grid spacing. The first survey was carried out in February 2009 by the French hydrographic office, the second one was recorded on August-September 2010 and the third in July 2011, both by the “Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer”.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

The data, codes and queries to accompany the paper "Multipurpose temporal GIS model for cadastral data management". Full details of the designs and use of queries are explained in the paper

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments.

The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water guages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

“Collection of spatial and tabular data, photographs, and viewing tools. Spatial data configured for viewing in an ArcView GIS project, while the tabular data are stored in a Microsoft Access database. †Quoted from enclosed technical instructions. Includes photos, scanned quads, geologic structures, geologic units, landslide data, watersheds, and vegetation communities, among other things.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments.

The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.

The establishment of a BES Multi-User Geodatabase (BES-MUG) allows for the storage, management, and distribution of geospatial data associated with the Baltimore Ecosystem Study. At present, BES data is distributed over the internet via the BES website. While having geospatial data available for download is a vast improvement over having the data housed at individual research institutions, it still suffers from some limitations. BES-MUG overcomes these limitations; improving the quality of the geospatial data available to BES researches, thereby leading to more informed decision-making. BES-MUG builds on Environmental Systems Research Institute's (ESRI) ArcGIS and ArcSDE technology. ESRI was selected because its geospatial software offers robust capabilities. ArcGIS is implemented agency-wide within the USDA and is the predominant geospatial software package used by collaborating institutions. Commercially available enterprise database packages (DB2, Oracle, SQL) provide an efficient means to store, manage, and share large datasets. However, standard database capabilities are limited with respect to geographic datasets because they lack the ability to deal with complex spatial relationships. By using ESRI's ArcSDE (Spatial Database Engine) in conjunction with database software, geospatial data can be handled much more effectively through the implementation of the Geodatabase model. Through ArcSDE and the Geodatabase model the database's capabilities are expanded, allowing for multiuser editing, intelligent feature types, and the establishment of rules and relationships. ArcSDE also allows users to connect to the database using ArcGIS software without being burdened by the intricacies of the database itself. For an example of how BES-MUG will help improve the quality and timeless of BES geospatial data consider a census block group layer that is in need of updating. Rather than the researcher downloading the dataset, editing it, and resubmitting to through ORS, access rules will allow the authorized user to edit the dataset over the network. Established rules will ensure that the attribute and topological integrity is maintained, so that key fields are not left blank and that the block group boundaries stay within tract boundaries. Metadata will automatically be updated showing who edited the dataset and when they did in the event any questions arise. Currently, a functioning prototype Multi-User Database has been developed for BES at the University of Vermont Spatial Analysis Lab, using Arc SDE and IBM's DB2 Enterprise Database as a back end architecture. This database, which is currently only accessible to those on the UVM campus network, will shortly be migrated to a Linux server where it will be accessible for database connections over the Internet. Passwords can then be handed out to all interested researchers on the project, who will be able to make a database connection through the Geographic Information Systems software interface on their desktop computer. This database will include a very large number of thematic layers. Those layers are currently divided into biophysical, socio-economic and imagery categories. Biophysical includes data on topography, soils, forest cover, habitat areas, hydrology and toxics. Socio-economics includes political and administrative boundaries, transportation and infrastructure networks, property data, census data, household survey data, parks, protected areas, land use/land cover, zoning, public health and historic land use change. Imagery includes a variety of aerial and satellite imagery. See the readme: http://96.56.36.108/geodatabase_SAL/readme.txt See the file listing: http://96.56.36.108/geodatabase_SAL/diroutput.txt

This data set contains small-scale base GIS data layers compiled by the National Park Service Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and Water Resources Division for use in a Baseline Water Quality Data Inventory and Analysis Report that was prepared for the park. The report presents the results of surface water quality data retrievals for the park from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3) Hydrography; (3) Industrial Facilities Discharges; (4) Drinking Water Supplies; (5) Water Gages; and (6) Water Impoundments. The small-scale GIS data layers were used to prepare the maps included in the report that depict the locations of water quality monitoring stations, industrial discharges, drinking intakes, water gages, and water impoundments. The data layers included in the maps (and this dataset) vary depending on availability, but generally include roads, hydrography, political boundaries, USGS 7.5' minute quadrangle outlines, hydrologic units, trails, and others as appropriate. The scales of each layer vary depending on data source but are generally 1:100,000.