The files linked to this reference are the geospatial data created as part of the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Current format is ArcGIS file geodatabase but older formats may exist as shapefiles. We converted the photointerpreted data into a format usable in a geographic information system (GIS) by employing three fundamental processes: (1) orthorectify, (2) digitize, and (3) develop the geodatabase. All digital map automation was projected in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 16, using the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). Orthorectify: We orthorectified the interpreted overlays by using OrthoMapper, a softcopy photogrammetric software for GIS. One function of OrthoMapper is to create orthorectified imagery from scanned and unrectified imagery (Image Processing Software, Inc., 2002). The software features a method of visual orientation involving a point-and-click operation that uses existing orthorectified horizontal and vertical base maps. Of primary importance to us, OrthoMapper also has the capability to orthorectify the photointerpreted overlays of each photograph based on the reference information provided. Digitize: To produce a polygon vector layer for use in ArcGIS (Environmental Systems Research Institute [ESRI], Redlands, California), we converted each raster-based image mosaic of orthorectified overlays containing the photointerpreted data into a grid format by using ArcGIS. In ArcGIS, we used the ArcScan extension to trace the raster data and produce ESRI shapefiles. We digitally assigned map-attribute codes (both map-class codes and physiognomic modifier codes) to the polygons and checked the digital data against the photointerpreted overlays for line and attribute consistency. Ultimately, we merged the individual layers into a seamless layer. Geodatabase: At this stage, the map layer has only map-attribute codes assigned to each polygon. To assign meaningful information to each polygon (e.g., map-class names, physiognomic definitions, links to NVCS types), we produced a feature-class table, along with other supportive tables and subsequently related them together via an ArcGIS Geodatabase. This geodatabase also links the map to other feature-class layers produced from this project, including vegetation sample plots, accuracy assessment (AA) sites, aerial photo locations, and project boundary extent. A geodatabase provides access to a variety of interlocking data sets, is expandable, and equips resource managers and researchers with a powerful GIS tool.

GIS – Great Lakes Sediment Budget – Technical Methodology – Buffline Digitization Madeleine Dewey EIT1 , Cedric Wrobel EIT1 1United States Army Corps of Engineers Great Lakes and Ohio River Division, Buffalo District Department of Coastal and Geotechnical Design Editor and Senior Reviewer: Weston Cross PG1 Published: September 2021 Abstract: This document is intended for use as a reference guide to complete bluffline digitization work for the Great Lakes Sediment Budget, a project of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Digitization work consists of manually drawing polylines along the lakeshore to delineate where the bluffline, or more broadly, the line of significance, exists. This reference can be used for both historic, and contemporary blufflines. In addition, this guide outlines what datasets, ESRI ArcGIS tools, and strategies should be employed. The manual for ESRI ArcMap 10.7, the version of ArcGIS used to create this guide, can be found at: https://support.esri.com/en/products/desktop/arcgis‐desktop/arcmap/10‐7‐1

The Geographic Information System (GIS) Solutions market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing adoption across diverse sectors. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to expand significantly over the forecast period (2025-2033), fueled by a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 8%. This growth is attributed to several key factors. Firstly, the rising need for precise spatial data analysis and visualization across industries like agriculture (precision farming), oil & gas (resource exploration and management), and construction (infrastructure planning and development) is driving demand. Secondly, advancements in GIS software and services, including cloud-based solutions and AI-powered analytics, are enhancing efficiency and accessibility. Thirdly, government initiatives promoting smart cities and infrastructure development are further boosting market expansion. The market is segmented by application (Agriculture, Oil & Gas, AEC, Transportation, Mining, Government, Healthcare, Others) and type (Software, Services), with software solutions currently holding a larger market share due to increasing digitization and data-driven decision-making. North America and Europe are currently the leading regional markets, benefiting from established infrastructure and high technology adoption rates, but Asia-Pacific is poised for significant growth driven by rapid urbanization and infrastructure development. Despite the promising growth trajectory, certain challenges remain. High initial investment costs for GIS software and implementation can be a barrier to entry for smaller businesses. Furthermore, the need for skilled professionals to effectively utilize and manage GIS data poses a considerable constraint. However, the ongoing development of user-friendly interfaces and accessible training programs is mitigating this issue. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players like ESRI, Hexagon, and Pitney Bowes, alongside emerging technology providers. These companies are actively investing in R&D and strategic partnerships to maintain their competitive edge and capitalize on the market's expansion. The long-term outlook for the GIS solutions market remains positive, with continuous innovation and expanding applications across various sectors paving the way for sustained growth throughout the forecast period.

This is an instructional document developed for volunteers who follow the Fluvanna History Initiative on One Shared Story's GIS Hub.Training was held at the Fluvanna County Public Library on Sunday September 29, 2019. This effort is being coordinated through an Esri GIS Premium Hub Community with assitance from GIS Corp and funding from the UVA Equity Atlas and the BAMA Works Fund.

We constructed a time-series spatial dataset of parcel boundaries for the period 1962-2005, in roughly 4-year intervals, by digitizing historical plat maps for Dane County and combining them with the 2005 GIS digital parcel dataset. The resulting datasets enable the consistent tracking of subdivision and development for all parcels over a given time frame. The process involved 1) dissolving and merging the 2005 digital Dane County parcel dataset based on contiguity and name, 2) further merging 2005 parcels based on the hard copy 2005 Plat book, and then 3) the reverse chronological merging of parcels to reconstruct previous years, at 4-year intervals, based on historical plat books. Additional land use information such as 1) whether a structure was actually constructed (using the companion digitized aerial photo dataset), 2) cover crop, and 3) permeable surface area, can be added to these datasets at a later date.

The files linked to this reference are the geospatial data created as part of the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Current format is ArcGIS file geodatabase but older formats may exist as shapefiles. James W. Sewall Company developed a complete GIS coverage for the park and revised the preliminary vegetation map classes to better match the results from the cluster analysis and NMS ordination. Polygons representing vegetation stands were digitized on-screen in ArcGIS 8.3, and later in ArcMap 9.1 and 9.2, using lines drawn on the acetate overlays, base layers of 1:8,000 CIR aerial photography, orthorectified photo composite image, and plot location and data. The minimum map unit used was 0.5 ha (1.24 ac). Stereo pairs were used to double check stand signatures during the digitizing process. Photo interpretation and polygon digitization extended outside the NPS boundary, especially where vegetation units were arbitrarily truncated by the boundary. Each polygon was attributed with the name of a vegetation map class or an Anderson Level II land use category based on plot data, field observations, aerial photography signatures, and topographic maps. Data fields identifying the USNVC association inclusions within the vegetation map class were attributed to the vegetation polygons in the shapefile. The GIS coverages and shapefiles were projected to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 19 North American Datum 1983 (NAD83). FGDC compliant metadata (FGDC 1998a) were created with the NPS-MP ESRI extension and included with the vegetation map shapefile. A photointerpretation key to the map classes for the 2006 draft vegetation map is included as Appendix A. The composite vegetation coverage was clipped to the NPS 2002 MIMA boundary shapefile for accuracy assessment (AA). After the 2006 vegetation map was completed, the thematic accuracy of this map was assessed.

The entire Vermont extent of the National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL) as acquired 12/15/15 from the FEMA Map Service Center msc.fema.gov upon publication 12/2/2015 and converted to VSP.The FEMA DFIRM NFHL database compiles all available officially-digitized Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps. This extract from the FEMA Map Service Center includes all of such data in Vermont including counties and a few municipalities. This data includes the most recent map update for Bennington County effective 12/2/2015.DFIRM - Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) DFIRM X-Sections DFIRM Floodways Special Flood Hazard Areas (All Available)

Planimetric Miscellaneous Structure features. In 2006, the Des Moines Regional GIS group contracted with Sanborn to digitize the planimetric features utilizing 3D stereo digitizing methods and GIS processing required under the RFP. The Program Management task included coordination and oversight of the NewCom Technology tasks; incorporating the imagery and photogrammetric data from the spring of 2006 flight, stereo digitizing the planimetric features and GIS processing of the impervious surface features to ensure clean topological data structure for subsequent area / polygon calculations. Maintenance of the data includes heads-up digitizing using the orthophoto images.

The Long Island Sound Study developed these digital data from 1:100,000-scale National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and United States Geological Survey (USGS) maps as a general reference to the depth of water in Long Island Sound. In 1996, these data were digitized from paper maps by the Long Island Sound Study (http://www.longislandsoundstudy.net) and incorporated into a Long Island Sound GIS database. Not intended for maps printed at map scales greater or more detailed than 1:100,000 scale (1 inch = 1,578 feet.) Dataset credit: Applied Geographics, Inc. of Boston, Massachussets was contracted by the Long Island Sound Study to automate and digitize these bathymetry data for Long Island Sound. Linda Bischoff, GIS Analyst, digitized the data and created the orginal metadata.

The files linked to this reference are the geospatial data created as part of the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Current format is ArcGIS file geodatabase but older formats may exist as shapefiles. The mapping component of the BRCA project used a combination of methods to interpret and delineate vegetation and land use polygons. The USGS applied an electronic segmentation method (e-Cognition software) to create preliminary linework on features with high-contrast photo-signatures. Using the preliminary linework as a baseline starting point, the primary photointerpreter drew polygons directly on screen through heads-up digitizing using ArcGIS editing tools. Additionally, trained photointerpreters assisting the primary photointerpreter drew polygons on Mylar overlays covering 1m resolution, 1:12,000-scale, 9 x 9-inch true-color aerial photographs. This process enabled the photointerpreters to view the landscape in stereo in order to identify finer details. The linework drawn on Mylar overlays was then transferred into digital media by heads-up digitizing using ArcGIS software. The park and environs were interpreted and mapped to the same level of detail.

The State Lands Commission has prepared the Significant Lands Inventory (report) for the California Legislature as a general identification and classification of those unconveyed State school lands and tide and submerged lands which possess significant environmental values. The publication incorporates evaluated and pertinent comments received on the initial draft report which was circulated statewide in February 1975.The absence of a particular digitized waterway in the dataset does not mean that the State does not claim ownership of that parcel or waterway, or that such specific parcel or waterway has no significant environmental values. This dataset is not intended to establish ownership, only to identify those parcels which possess significant environmental values. Staff was unable to physically inventory all of the considered lands; instead, the advice and participation of those with known enviornmental expertise was utilized as additional to staff survey.Tide and submerged lands are digitized in the WaterBody and WaterLine feature classes; WaterLines for coastal areas, WaterBody for inland areas. Tide and submerged lands under the jurisdiction of the State Lands Commission are those sovereign lands received from the Federal Government by virtue of California's admission to the Union on an equal footing with the original States. Such lands, and State interest therein, are generally the lands waterward of the ordinary high water mark of the Pacific Ocean (seaward to a three-mile limit); tidal bays, sloughs, estuaries; and, navigable lakes and streams within the State.School Lands are digitized in the SchoolLand feature class. State school lands under the jurisdiction of the Commission are largely composed of the 16th and 36th sections of each township. The Federal Government transferred these lands to the State in 1853, in order to establish a financial foundation for a public school system. In cases where the 16th and 36th sections were mineral in character, incomplete as to acreage total, or already claimed or granted by the Federal Government, the State was permitted to select other lands "in lieu" of the specific sections.The public trust of commerce, navigation and fisheries which the State retains on patented sovereign lands should also be considered included in this inventory. Wherever a waterway, or body of water, is listed or mapped, the common trust state interest in patented sovereign lands, if any, is also included.The State Lands Commission emphasized when it adopted this report at its December 1, 1975 meeting that all tide and submerged lands are significant by the nature of their public ownership. Only because of the methodology used for this report are all of these waterways not specifically listed in this inventory.It is the intent of the State Lands Commission that the Significant Lands Inventory be periodically updated. This dataset should be considered informational, to assist the Legislature, the Commission, and the public in considering the environmental aspects of a proposed project and the significant values to be protected therein.

This dataset (lineaments_ln_ll.shp) comprises structural features compiled into GIS format from existing literature, published up to 2003. The data represent fault/lineament locations known or inferred in the Alberta Plains. We have chosen to digitize and publish all lineaments from source maps even where they extended beyond the Alberta boundary. Each compiled feature is characterized by a set of attributes including: affected formations (oldest affected and oldest non-affected stratigraphic unit), fault type, fault sense of displacement, evidence used to infer the fault/lineament, original reference information and publication scale, and an estimate of the georeferencing error. The completeness of the captured attribute set varies for each feature as a function of the level of detail in the source article. The data set should be used cautiously. First, the original authors' interpretation of subsurface faults, particularly of 'basement faults', from air photo or satellite imagery lineaments is tenuous. Second, the vast majority of faults inferred in the foreland basin (Alberta Plains) east of the deformation front are normal-slip faults. although only the dip slip component has been inferred, some of these faults may also have a strike-slip component, generally not accounted for. Third, the location of lineaments includes cumulative errors inherent in the process of transferring into GIS lineaments traced by hand in the pre-computer era on small scale (regional) paper-copy maps. Such errors include spatial imprecisions in original lineament identification and drawing and errors in georefencing of the source map, as well as minor errors introduced during lineament digitization. Although each of them is minor at the scale of the original map, the cumulative effect of these errors may be significant and even misleading for large-scale (township or larger) projects.

Digitizing A georeferenced topo map of Meru 122_1, 122_2, 123_3, 124_4. Cropped and mosaiced . It contains digitized topographical features .

Mobile GIS Data Collection Software Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Mobile GIS Data Collection Software market size reached USD 2.14 billion in 2024, and is anticipated to grow at a robust CAGR of 13.7% during the forecast period, reaching approximately USD 6.42 billion by 2033. This strong growth trajectory is primarily driven by the increasing demand for real-time geospatial data across multiple industries, the proliferation of mobile devices, and the integration of advanced technologies such as IoT and AI into GIS solutions. As organizations globally seek to enhance operational efficiency and decision-making capabilities, the adoption of mobile GIS data collection software continues to accelerate, reshaping the landscape of field data management and spatial analytics.

One of the pivotal growth factors for the Mobile GIS Data Collection Software market is the rapid digital transformation across industries such as utilities, transportation, agriculture, and government. Organizations are increasingly leveraging geospatial data to streamline field operations, optimize resource allocation, and improve asset management. The shift towards digitized workflows has created a surge in demand for mobile GIS solutions that enable real-time data capture, analysis, and sharing from remote locations. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on smart infrastructure and sustainable urban planning has amplified the need for accurate, up-to-date geographic information, positioning mobile GIS software as a critical tool in supporting these initiatives. The convergence of cloud computing, 5G connectivity, and mobile technologies is further enhancing the capabilities and accessibility of GIS platforms, making them indispensable for modern enterprises.

Another significant driver is the increasing adoption of IoT and sensor technologies, which are generating vast volumes of spatial data that require efficient collection, processing, and analysis. Mobile GIS data collection software enables seamless integration with IoT devices, allowing for automated data acquisition and real-time monitoring of assets, environmental conditions, and infrastructure. This capability is particularly valuable in sectors like environmental monitoring, utilities management, and agriculture, where timely and accurate geospatial data is essential for informed decision-making. Additionally, advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning are empowering GIS software to deliver predictive analytics, anomaly detection, and advanced visualization, further expanding the application scope and value proposition of mobile GIS solutions.

The market is also benefiting from the increasing focus on regulatory compliance and safety standards, particularly in industries such as oil and gas, construction, and transportation. Mobile GIS data collection software facilitates compliance by providing accurate and auditable records of field activities, asset inspections, and environmental assessments. Moreover, the growing need for disaster management, emergency response, and public health surveillance is driving government agencies to invest in robust GIS platforms that support rapid data collection and situational awareness. As a result, vendors are continuously innovating to offer user-friendly, scalable, and secure solutions that cater to the evolving needs of diverse end-users, further fueling market expansion.

The integration of Mobile Mapping System technology into mobile GIS solutions is revolutionizing the way geospatial data is collected and analyzed. By utilizing vehicles equipped with advanced sensors and cameras, Mobile Mapping Systems enable the rapid and accurate capture of geospatial data across large areas. This technology is particularly beneficial for urban planning, infrastructure management, and environmental monitoring, where timely and precise data is crucial. As industries strive to enhance their operational capabilities, the adoption of Mobile Mapping Systems is becoming increasingly prevalent, providing a competitive edge through improved data accuracy and efficiency.

Regionally, North America currently dominates the Mobile GIS Data Collection Software market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and the Asia Pacific. The presence of leading technology providers, high adoption rates of digital soluti

A major objective of plant ecology research is to determine the underlying processes responsible for the observed spatial distribution patterns of plant species. Plants can be approximated as points in space for this purpose, and thus, spatial point pattern analysis has become increasingly popular in ecological research. The basic piece of data for point pattern analysis is a point location of an ecological object in some study region. Therefore, point pattern analysis can only be performed if data can be collected. However, due to the lack of a convenient sampling method, a few previous studies have used point pattern analysis to examine the spatial patterns of grassland species. This is unfortunate because being able to explore point patterns in grassland systems has widespread implications for population dynamics, community-level patterns and ecological processes. In this study, we develop a new method to measure individual coordinates of species in grassland communities. This method records plant growing positions via digital picture samples that have been sub-blocked within a geographical information system (GIS). Here, we tested out the new method by measuring the individual coordinates of Stipa grandis in grazed and ungrazed S. grandis communities in a temperate steppe ecosystem in China. Furthermore, we analyzed the pattern of S. grandis by using the pair correlation function g(r) with both a homogeneous Poisson process and a heterogeneous Poisson process. Our results showed that individuals of S. grandis were overdispersed according to the homogeneous Poisson process at 0-0.16 m in the ungrazed community, while they were clustered at 0.19 m according to the homogeneous and heterogeneous Poisson processes in the grazed community. These results suggest that competitive interactions dominated the ungrazed community, while facilitative interactions dominated the grazed community. In sum, we successfully executed a new sampling method, using digital photography and a Geographical Information System, to collect experimental data on the spatial point patterns for the populations in this grassland community.

Methods 1. Data collection using digital photographs and GIS

A flat 5 m x 5 m sampling block was chosen in a study grassland community and divided with bamboo chopsticks into 100 sub-blocks of 50 cm x 50 cm (Fig. 1). A digital camera was then mounted to a telescoping stake and positioned in the center of each sub-block to photograph vegetation within a 0.25 m2 area. Pictures were taken 1.75 m above the ground at an approximate downward angle of 90° (Fig. 2). Automatic camera settings were used for focus, lighting and shutter speed. After photographing the plot as a whole, photographs were taken of each individual plant in each sub-block. In order to identify each individual plant from the digital images, each plant was uniquely marked before the pictures were taken (Fig. 2 B).

Digital images were imported into a computer as JPEG files, and the position of each plant in the pictures was determined using GIS. This involved four steps: 1) A reference frame (Fig. 3) was established using R2V software to designate control points, or the four vertexes of each sub-block (Appendix S1), so that all plants in each sub-block were within the same reference frame. The parallax and optical distortion in the raster images was then geometrically corrected based on these selected control points; 2) Maps, or layers in GIS terminology, were set up for each species as PROJECT files (Appendix S2), and all individuals in each sub-block were digitized using R2V software (Appendix S3). For accuracy, the digitization of plant individual locations was performed manually; 3) Each plant species layer was exported from a PROJECT file to a SHAPE file in R2V software (Appendix S4); 4) Finally each species layer was opened in Arc GIS software in the SHAPE file format, and attribute data from each species layer was exported into Arc GIS to obtain the precise coordinates for each species. This last phase involved four steps of its own, from adding the data (Appendix S5), to opening the attribute table (Appendix S6), to adding new x and y coordinate fields (Appendix S7) and to obtaining the x and y coordinates and filling in the new fields (Appendix S8).

1. Data reliability assessment

To determine the accuracy of our new method, we measured the individual locations of Leymus chinensis, a perennial rhizome grass, in representative community blocks 5 m x 5 m in size in typical steppe habitat in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China in July 2010 (Fig. 4 A). As our standard for comparison, we used a ruler to measure the individual coordinates of L. chinensis. We tested for significant differences between (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, and (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler (see section 3.2 Data Analysis). If (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, and (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, did not differ significantly, then we could conclude that our new method of measuring the coordinates of L. chinensis was reliable.

We compared the results using a t-test (Table 1). We found no significant differences in either (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis or (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis. Further, we compared the pattern characteristics of L. chinensis when measured by our new method against the ruler measurements using a null model. We found that the two pattern characteristics of L. chinensis did not differ significantly based on the homogenous Poisson process or complete spatial randomness (Fig. 4 B). Thus, we concluded that the data obtained using our new method was reliable enough to perform point pattern analysis with a null model in grassland communities.

Summary This feature class documents the fire history on CMR from 1964 - present. This is 1 of 2 feature classes, a polygon and a point. This data has a variety of different origins which leads to differing quality of data. Within the polygon feature class, this contains perimeters that were mapped using a GPS, hand digitized, on-screen digitized, and buffered circles to the estimated acreage. These 2 files should be kept together. Within the point feature class, fires with only a location of latitude/longitude, UTM coordinate, TRS and no estimated acreage were mapped using a point location. GPS started being used in 1992 when the technology became available. Records from FMIS (Fire Management Information System) were reviewed and compared to refuge records. Polygon data in FMIS only occurs from 2012 to current and many acreage estimates did not match. This dataset includes ALL fires no matter the size. This feature class documents the fire history on CMR from 1964 - present. This is 1 of 2 feature classes, a polygon and a point. This data has a variety of different origins which leads to differing quality of data. Within the polygon feature class, this contains perimeters that were mapped using a GPS, hand digitized, on-screen digitized, and buffered circles to the estimated acreage. These 2 files should be kept together. Within the point feature class, fires with only a location of latitude/longitude, UTM coordinate, TRS and no estimated acreage were mapped using a point location. GPS started being used in 1992 when the technology became available. Data origins include: Data origins include: 1) GPS Polygon-data (Best), 2) GPS Lat/Long or UTM, 3)TRS QS, 4)TRS Point, 6)Hand digitized from topo map, 7) Circle buffer, 8)Screen digitized, 9) FMIS Lat/Long. Started compiling fire history of CMR in 2007. This has been a 10 year process.FMIS doesn't include fires polygons that are less than 10 acres. This dataset has been sent to FMIS for FMIS records to be updated with correct information. The spreadsheet contains 10-15 records without spatial information and weren't included in either feature class. Fire information from 1964 - 1980 came from records Larry Eichhorn, BLM, provided to CMR staff. Mike Granger, CMR Fire Management Officer, tracked fires on an 11x17 legal pad and all this information was brought into Excel and ArcGIS. Frequently, other information about the fires were missing which made it difficult to back track and fill in missing data. Time was spent verifiying locations that were occasionally recorded incorrectly (DMS vs DD) and converting TRS into Lat/Long and/or UTM. CMR is divided into 2 different UTM zones, zone 12 and zone 13. This occasionally caused errors in projecting. Naming conventions caused confusion. Fires are frequently names by location and there are several "Soda Creek", "Rock Creek", etc fires. Fire numbers were occasionally missing or incorrect. Fires on BLM were included if they were "Assists". Also, fires on satellite refuges and the district were also included. Acreages from GIS were compared to FMIS acres. Please see documentation in ServCat (URL) to see how these were handled.

The Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event (A or AE) and the 0.2-percent-annual- chance flood event (X). The FIRM data can be derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs) and previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs). The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This database has been created by digitizing data from georefrenced paper FIRM maps and adding information from FIS where available. All FIRMs were georeferenced at a 1:4000 scale or finer. This data should be used as a reference layer, not as an authoritative source.

Polygons were digitized from the Land Status Atlas maintained by the Chugach National Forest Lands staff which was derived from Public Land Orders (PLO's). The digitizing was done from 1:63,360 paper USGS quads using LIDES and ARC/INFO. All withdrawals for the Chugach National Forest are located on the Kenai Peninsula. Data available from the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

This dataset contains well log files collected from wells penetrating the Tuscarora Sandstone, structural geologic map of West Virginia and salinity information based on brine geochemistry in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. A combination of proprietary and free software may be required to view some of the information provided. Software used for data analysis and figure creation include ESRI ArcGIS. For GIS map files, you will have to change the directories of the files to match your computer. LAS files were digitized using IHS Petra software, but may be viewed in Microsoft Notepad, or converted to .csv files in Microsoft Excel.

The Bicycle Plan is the countywide planning document for bicycle facilities. The GIS data component of the Bicycle Plan consists of an inventory of existing and proposed bikeways with a class I through IV designation. Bikeway data was captured using road centerlines captured from the aerial photography as the apparent centerline and heads up digitizing directly from the orthophotography by GIS staff. Attributes were compiled via a conflation process from the original bikeway data to the new coverage captured from the aerial photography. Subsequently a QC process followed to correct errors in the conflation and digitizing process. Bikeways captured from the Merrick Street centerlines do not represent the actual location of the bikeway feature. Heads up digitized features do represent the apparent centerline of the bikeway feature.