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It includes data that were used in the manuscript. It also include layers that were created in online ArcGIS pro in manuscript .
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Question Paper Solutions of GIS & Remote Sensing (CE(PE)801A),8th Semester,Civil Engineering,Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology
Bolton & Menk, an engineering planning and consulting firm from the Midwestern United States has released a series of illustrated children’s books as a way of helping young people discover several different professions that typically do not get as much attention as other more traditional ones do.Topics of the award winning book series include landscape architecture, civil engineering, water resource engineering, urban planning and now Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The books are available free online in digital format, and easily accessed via a laptop, smart phone or tablet.The book Lindsey the GIS Specialist – A GIS Mapping Story Tyler Danielson, covers some the basics of what geographic information is and the type of work that a GIS Specialist does. It explains what the acronym GIS means, the different types of geospatial data, how we collect data, and what some of the maps a GIS Specialist creates would be used for.Click here to check out the GIS Specialist – A GIS Mapping Story e-book
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The global civil engineering market size was valued at approximately $9.7 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach nearly $14.6 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.5% during the forecast period. This substantial growth is driven by increasing urbanization, infrastructure development, and investments in residential and commercial projects worldwide. The burgeoning demand for sustainable construction practices and innovative engineering solutions is further bolstering market expansion.
One of the primary growth factors of the civil engineering market is the rapid pace of urbanization. As more people move into urban areas, the demand for new housing, transportation systems, utilities, and social infrastructure escalates. Governments and private sectors are heavily investing in smart city initiatives, which require extensive civil engineering expertise to ensure that infrastructure is both efficient and sustainable. Furthermore, the expansion of megacities in emerging economies is creating a significant need for advanced civil engineering services, ranging from planning and design to construction and maintenance.
Another significant growth driver is the increasing focus on sustainable and resilient infrastructure. The threat of climate change has led to an emphasis on building structures that can withstand extreme weather conditions and natural disasters. This involves incorporating green building materials, energy-efficient designs, and disaster-resistant technologies into construction projects. Governments and regulatory bodies are also implementing stringent building codes and standards, which necessitate the involvement of skilled civil engineers to ensure compliance. As a result, the demand for specialized civil engineering services is on the rise.
Technological advancements are also playing a crucial role in the growth of the civil engineering market. The adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and other advanced software tools has revolutionized the way civil engineering projects are planned and executed. These technologies improve precision, reduce errors, and enhance collaboration among stakeholders. Additionally, innovations in materials science, such as the development of high-performance concrete and smart materials, are contributing to the creation of more durable and efficient infrastructures. These technological strides are attracting significant investment and interest in the civil engineering sector.
Regionally, the Asia-Pacific area is expected to dominate the civil engineering market due to rapid economic growth and substantial infrastructure development in countries like China and India. North America and Europe are also significant markets, driven by the need to upgrade aging infrastructure and implement smart city projects. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America regions present considerable growth opportunities due to ongoing urbanization and investment in infrastructure projects. Each region has its unique drivers and challenges, but the overall outlook for the civil engineering market remains robust.
The planning and design segment is a critical component of the civil engineering market. This segment involves the initial stages of any construction project, where feasibility studies, site surveys, and detailed project plans are developed. The rising complexity of modern infrastructure projects necessitates meticulous planning and innovative design solutions. Advanced software tools such as AutoCAD, Revit, and BIM are extensively utilized in this segment to create accurate and efficient designs. The integration of these tools helps streamline the planning process, reduce errors, and ensure that the final design meets all regulatory and safety standards.
Sustainable design practices are gaining prominence within the planning and design segment. With increasing awareness of environmental issues, there is a growing emphasis on creating eco-friendly and energy-efficient building designs. This involves the use of green building materials, renewable energy sources, and waste reduction strategies. Civil engineers are now focusing on designing structures that minimize environmental impact while maximizing functionality and aesthetics. This shift towards sustainability is driving innovation and growth in the planning and design segment.
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Civil Engineering Market Size 2024-2028
The civil engineering market size is forecast to increase by USD 2.57 billion at a CAGR of 3.9% between 2023 and 2028.
The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the surge in construction activities in developing countries. This trend is expected to continue as infrastructure development remains a priority for many governments. Another key factor fueling market growth is the adoption of intelligent processing in civil engineering projects. This includes the use of technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to improve project efficiency and accuracy.
However, the market is also facing challenges, including the decline in construction activities in some regions due to economic downturns and natural disasters. Despite these challenges, the future of the market looks promising, with continued investment in infrastructure development and the ongoing integration of advanced technologies.
What will be the Size of the Civil Engineering Market During the Forecast Period?
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The civil engineering services market encompasses a broad range of construction activities, including social infrastructure, residential, offices, educational institutes, luxury hotels, restaurants, transport buildings, online retail warehousing, and various types of infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, railroads, airports, and ports. This market is driven by various factors, including population growth, urbanization, and the increasing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient structures.
Digitalization plays a significant role In the civil engineering sector, with the adoption of digital civil engineering, smart grids, urban transportation systems, industrial automation, parking systems, and IT services. Additionally, there is a growing trend towards the development of zero-energy buildings, insulated buildings, double skin facades, PV panels, and e-permit systems.
Inspection technology and integrated 3D modeling are also becoming increasingly important In the civil engineering industry, enabling more accurate and efficient design and construction processes. The market is expected to continue growing, driven by the increasing demand for infrastructure development and the ongoing digital transformation of the industry.
How is this Civil Engineering Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?
The civil engineering industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.
Application
Real estate
Infrastructure
Industrial
Geography
APAC
China
India
North America
Canada
US
Europe
Germany
Middle East and Africa
South America
By Application Insights
The real estate segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The real estate market encompasses the development, acquisition, and sale of property, land, and buildings. Global urbanization and infrastructure investment growth have significantly impacted this sector. In particular, the Asia Pacific region has seen rapid expansion in various sectors, such as commercial construction, with India leading the charge. Notably, international real estate development is projected to present opportunities for countries like India, as demonstrated by the October 2021 MoU between the Jammu and Kashmir administration and the Dubai government, focusing on industrial parks, IT towers, and super-specialty hospitals. Civil engineering services play a crucial role in real estate development, with a focus on social infrastructure, residential, construction activities, offices, educational institutes, hotels, restaurants, transport buildings, online retail warehousing, immigration, housing, and construction.
Innovations in green building products, energy efficiency, sustainable construction materials, such as cross-laminated timber, and digital technology are transforming the industry. Key areas of growth include infrastructure, oil and gas, energy and power, aviation, public spending, non-residential construction, healthcare centers, infrastructure projects, and digital civil engineering. Civil engineering firms provide essential services, including rail structures, tunnels, bridges, maintenance services, renovation activities, and energy-efficient products. The real estate segment also includes industrial real estate and housing development, with a shift towards flexible infrastructure, roads, railroads, airports, ports, single-family houses, and home remodeling. The industry is embracing advanced simulation tools, drone technology, and carbon emissions reduction initiatives, such as net-zero energy buildings, pre-f
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This study presents an ArcGIS geoprocessing protocol for quickly processing large amounts of data from publicly available government sources to consider both water quality standards (WQS) and nonpoint pollution source (NPS) control, on a watershed-by-watershed basis to administratively predict locations where nonpoint source pollutants may contribute to the impairment of downstream waters and locations where nonpoint source pollutants are not expected to contribute to the impairment of downstream waters. This dissertation also presents an ArcGIS geoprocessing protocol to calculate the hydrological response time of a watershed and to predict the potential for soil erosion and nonpoint source pollutant movement on a landscape scale. The standardized methodologies employed by the protocol allow for its use in various geographic regions. The methodology has been performed on sites in Linn County and Boone County, Missouri, and produces results consistent with those expected from other widely accepted methods. These protocols were developed studying the movement of atrazine. but may be used for various nonpoint source pollutants that are water soluble, have an affinity to soil binding, and associated with a particular land use. All data and code are available in Mendeley Data (doi: 10.17632/wdjzftxyfd.1).
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ArcGIS tool and tutorial to convert the shapefiles into network format. The latest version of the tool is available at http://csun.uic.edu/codes/GISF2E.htmlUpdate: we now have added QGIS and python tools. To download them and learn more, visit http://csun.uic.edu/codes/GISF2E.htmlPlease cite: Karduni,A., Kermanshah, A., and Derrible, S., 2016, "A protocol to convert spatial polyline data to network formats and applications to world urban road networks", Scientific Data, 3:160046, Available at http://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201646
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The GIS-based Time model of Gothenburg aims to map the process of urban development in Gothenburg since 1960 and in particular to document the changes in the spatial form of the city - streets, buildings and plots - through time. Major steps have in recent decades been taken when it comes to understanding how cities work. Essential is the change from understanding cities as locations to understanding them as flows (Batty 2013)1. In principle this means that we need to understand locations (or places) as defined by flows (or different forms of traffic), rather than locations only served by flows. This implies that we need to understand the built form and spatial structure of cities as a system, that by shaping flows creates a series of places with very specific relations to all other places in the city, which also give them very specific performative potentials. It also implies the rather fascinating notion that what happens in one place is dependent on its relation to all other places (Hillier 1996)2. Hence, to understand the individual place, we need a model of the city as a whole.
Extensive research in this direction has taken place in recent years, that has also spilled over to urban design practice, not least in Sweden, where the idea that to understand the part you need to understand the whole is starting to be established. With the GIS-based Time model for Gothenburg that we present here, we address the next challenge. Place is not only something defined by its spatial relation to all other places in its system, but also by its history, or its evolution over time. Since the built form of the city changes over time, often by cities growing but at times also by cities shrinking, the spatial relation between places changes over time. If cities tend to grow, and most often by extending their periphery, it means that most places get a more central location over time. If this is a general tendency, it does not mean that all places increase their centrality to an equal degree. Depending on the structure of the individual city’s spatial form, different places become more centrally located to different degrees as well as their relative distance to other places changes to different degrees. The even more fascinating notion then becomes apparent; places move over time! To capture, study and understand this, we need a "time model".
The GIS-based time model of Gothenburg consists of: • 12 GIS-layers of the street network, from 1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals • 12 GIS-layers of the buildings from 1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals - Please note that this dataset has been moved to a separate catalog post (https://doi.org/10.5878/t8s9-6y15) and unpublished due to licensing restrictions on its source dataset. • 12 GIS- layers of the plots from1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals
In the GIS-based Time model, for every time-frame, the combination of the three fundamental components of spatial form, that is streets, plots and buildings, provides a consistent description of the built environment at that particular time. The evolution of three components can be studied individually, where one could for example analyze the changing patterns of street centrality over time by focusing on the street network; or, the densification processes by focusing on the buildings; or, the expansion of the city by way of occupying more buildable land, by focusing on plots. The combined snapshots of street centrality, density and land division can provide insightful observations about the spatial form of the city at each time-frame; for example, the patterns of spatial segregation, the distribution of urban density or the patterns of sprawl. The observation of how the interrelated layers of spatial form together evolved and transformed through time can provide a more complete image of the patterns of urban growth in the city.
The Time model was created following the principles of the model of spatial form of the city, as developed by the Spatial Morphology Group (SMoG) at Chalmers University of Technology, within the three-year research project ‘International Spatial Morphology Lab (SMoL)’.
The project is funded by Älvstranden Utveckling AB in the framework of a larger cooperation project called Fusion Point Gothenburg. The data is shared via SND to create a research infrastructure that is open to new study initiatives.
12 GIS-layers of the street network in Gothenburg, from 1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals. File format: shapefile (.shp), MapinfoTAB (.TAB). The coordinate system used is SWEREF 99TM, EPSG:3006.
See the attached Technical Documentation for the description and further details on the production of the datasets. See the attached Report for the description of the related research project.
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We analysed the spatial variability of tidal sand wave migration for all sand wave fields on the Netherlands Continental Shelf. The migration data obtained within this research is available via this repository. For further instructions see the README files contained within the compressed .zip folder.
According to our latest research, the global civil engineering market size reached USD 9.4 trillion in 2024, reflecting robust activity across key infrastructure and construction segments. The market is poised for continued expansion, projected to achieve a value of USD 14.1 trillion by 2033, growing at a steady CAGR of 4.6% over the forecast period. This growth is primarily driven by sustained investments in infrastructure modernization, rapid urbanization, and the increasing adoption of advanced technologies across both developed and emerging economies. The civil engineering sector’s dynamism is underpinned by the need for resilient infrastructure, smart city initiatives, and a rising demand for both residential and commercial construction worldwide.
The growth trajectory of the civil engineering market is largely influenced by the escalating demand for infrastructure development across urban and semi-urban areas. Governments globally are prioritizing large-scale infrastructure projects, including transportation networks, energy facilities, water management systems, and smart city solutions. These initiatives are not only aimed at improving connectivity and quality of life but also at fostering economic development and sustainability. The integration of digital technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and advanced project management tools has further enhanced the efficiency, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness of civil engineering projects. Additionally, the growing focus on green and sustainable construction practices is driving innovation in materials, design, and construction methodologies, further propelling market growth.
Another significant growth driver for the civil engineering market is the increasing involvement of private sector players and public-private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure development. The expanding role of private investment has accelerated project timelines, improved quality standards, and introduced innovative financing models. This trend is particularly evident in sectors such as transportation, energy, and urban development, where the scale and complexity of projects demand substantial capital and expertise. The proliferation of mega-projects, especially in emerging economies, is creating lucrative opportunities for civil engineering firms, consultants, and contractors. Moreover, the ongoing urbanization in regions like Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Africa is generating a sustained demand for housing, commercial spaces, and industrial facilities, further stimulating market expansion.
The civil engineering market is also benefiting from advancements in construction materials and techniques, which are enabling the development of more durable, resilient, and cost-efficient structures. Innovations such as prefabricated components, high-performance concrete, and modular construction are gaining traction, reducing project timelines and minimizing environmental impact. The adoption of smart construction equipment and automation technologies is enhancing productivity and safety on job sites. Furthermore, the increasing emphasis on disaster-resilient infrastructure, driven by the rising frequency of natural calamities, is shaping the design and execution of civil engineering projects. These factors collectively underscore the sector’s pivotal role in supporting sustainable urbanization and economic growth.
From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific continues to dominate the global civil engineering market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed by North America and Europe. The rapid pace of urbanization, population growth, and industrialization in countries such as China, India, and Southeast Asian nations is fueling massive investments in infrastructure and construction. North America remains a key market, driven by the need to upgrade aging infrastructure and the increasing adoption of smart technologies. Europe is witnessing significant activity in sustainable and green construction, aligned with stringent regulatory standards and climate goals. Meanwhile, the Middle East & Africa and Latin America are emerging as promising markets, bolstered by government-led development programs and foreign direct investment in infrastructure projects.
Explore the progression of average salaries for graduates in Civil Engineering; Gis Graduate Program from 2020 to 2023 through this detailed chart. It compares these figures against the national average for all graduates, offering a comprehensive look at the earning potential of Civil Engineering; Gis Graduate Program relative to other fields. This data is essential for students assessing the return on investment of their education in Civil Engineering; Gis Graduate Program, providing a clear picture of financial prospects post-graduation.
GIS-datasets for the Street networks of Stockholm, Gothenburg and Eskilstuna produced as part of the Spatial Morphology Lab (SMoL). The goal of the SMoL project is to develop a strong theory and methodology for urban planning & design research with an analytical approach. Three frequently recurring variables of spatial urban form are studied that together quite well capture and describe the central characteristics and qualities of the built environment: density, diversity and proximity. The first measure describes how intensive a place can be used depending on how much built up area is found there. The second measure captures how differentiated the use of a place can be depending on the division in smaller units such as plots. The third measure describes how accessible a place is depending on how it relates with other places. Empirical studies have shown strong links between these metrics and people's use of cities such as pedestrian movement patterns. To support this goal, a central objective of the project is the establishment of an international platform of GIS data models for comparative studies in spatial urban form comprising three European capitals: London in the UK, Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Stockholm in Sweden, as well as two additional Swedish cities of smaller size than Stockholm: Gothenburg and Eskilstuna. The result of the project is a GIS database for the five cities covering the three basic layers of urban form: street network (motorised and non-motorised), buildings and plots systems. The data is shared via SND to create a research infrastructure that is open to new study initiatives. The datasets for Amsterdam will also be uploaded to SND. The datasets of London cannot be uploaded because of licensing restrictions. The street network GIS-maps include motorised and non-motorised networks. The non-motorized networks include all streets and paths that are accessible for people walking or cycling, including those that are shared with vehicles. All streets where walking or cycling is forbidden, such as motorways, highways, or high-speed tunnels, are not included in the network. The non-motorised network layers for Stockholm and Eskilstuna are based on the Swedish national road database, NVDB (Nationell Vägdatabas), downloaded from Trafikverket (https://lastkajen.trafikverket.se, date of download 15-5-2016, last update 8-11-2015) . For Gothenburg, it is based on Open Street Maps (openstreetmap.org, http://download.geofabrik.de, date of download 29-4-2016), because the NVDB did not provide enough detail for the non-motorized network, as in the other cities. The original road-centre-line maps of all cities were edited based on the same basic representational principles and were converted into line-segment maps, using the following software: FME, Mapinfo professional and PST (Place Syntax Tool). The coordinate system is SWEREF99TM. In the final line-segment maps (GIS-layers) all streets or paths are represented with one line irrespectively of the number of lanes or type, meaning that parallel lines representing a street and a pedestrian or a cycle path running on the side, are reduced to one line. The reason is that these parallel lines are nor physically or perceptually separated, and thus are accessible and recognized from pedestrians as one “line of movement” in the street network. If there are obstacles or great distance between parallel streets and paths, then the multiple lines remain. The aim is to make a skeletal network that better represents the total space, which is accessible for pedestrians to move, irrespectively of the typical separations or distinctions of streets and paths. This representational choice follows the Space Syntax methodology in representing the public space and the street network. We followed the same editing and generalizing procedure for all maps aiming to remove errors and to increase comparability between networks. This process included removing duplicate and isolated lines, snapping and generalizing. The snapping threshold used was 2m (end points closer than 2m were snapped together). The generalizing threshold used was 1m (successive line segments with angular deviation less than 1m were merged into one). In the final editing step, all road polylines were segmented to their constituting line-segments. The aim was to create appropriate line-segment maps to be analysed using Angular Segment Analysis, a network centrality analysis method introduced in Space Syntax. All network layers are complemented with an “Unlink points” layer; a GIS point layer with the locations of all non-level intersections, such as pedestrian bridges and tunnels. The Unlink point layer is necessary to conduct network analysis that takes into account the non-planarity of the street network, using such software as PST (Place Syntax Tool). For more detailed documentation on the creation of the non-motorised network of Gothenburg, please download the specific documentati...
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The global civil engineering service market size was valued at approximately USD 1.8 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 3.2 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2%. The market's growth is driven by the increasing demand for infrastructure development, urbanization, and the need for sustainable construction practices. This upward trajectory can be attributed to several key factors, including technological advancements, government initiatives for infrastructural development, and the rising population leading to increased urbanization.
One of the primary growth factors for the civil engineering service market is the rapid pace of urbanization globally. With more people moving to cities, there is a heightened need for residential buildings, commercial spaces, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure projects. Governments around the world are investing heavily in urban development to accommodate this influx, thereby driving demand for civil engineering services. Additionally, smart city initiatives in various countries are pushing the need for advanced and sustainable engineering solutions, further bolstering market growth.
Technological advancements in the field of civil engineering are another significant growth driver. Modern technologies like Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and drones for surveying and monitoring have revolutionized the way projects are planned, executed, and maintained. These technologies not only enhance efficiency and accuracy but also reduce costs and project timelines. Moreover, the integration of sustainable building practices and materials is becoming more prevalent, driven by both regulatory requirements and a growing emphasis on environmental stewardship.
Government initiatives and investments in infrastructure development play a substantial role in propelling the civil engineering service market. Many countries have launched significant infrastructure development programs to boost economic growth and improve the quality of life for their citizens. These initiatives often include the construction of highways, railways, airports, and public utilities, which require extensive civil engineering services. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are also becoming more common, allowing for shared investment and expertise in large-scale projects, further stimulating market expansion.
Regionally, the Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing market for civil engineering services, driven by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and significant infrastructure development projects in countries like China and India. North America and Europe also hold substantial market shares due to ongoing investments in upgrading existing infrastructure and the adoption of advanced engineering technologies. In contrast, regions like Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing moderate growth, primarily fueled by emerging infrastructure needs and government-led initiatives.
The civil engineering service market is segmented by service type into planning & design, construction, maintenance, and others. Each of these service types plays a crucial role in the lifecycle of a civil engineering project, from inception through completion and beyond. The planning & design segment involves the initial stages of a project, including feasibility studies, environmental assessments, and the creation of detailed architectural and engineering plans. This segment is critical as it sets the foundation for successful project execution and ensures that all aspects of the project are well-planned and documented.
The construction segment encompasses the actual building phase of a project, where the plans and designs are brought to life. This includes tasks such as site preparation, foundation work, structural construction, and the installation of essential systems like plumbing and electrical. Given the complexity and scale of many construction projects, this segment requires a high degree of coordination and expertise. It is often the most resource-intensive phase, involving significant manpower, machinery, and materials. The construction segment is expected to hold a substantial market share due to the continuous demand for new residential, commercial, and infrastructure projects.
Maintenance services are essential for the longevity and performance of civil engineering projects. Once a project is completed and operational, it requires ongoing maintenance
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Planning, Engineering & Permitting - Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument Boundary
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The global Aerial Mapping System market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across various sectors. Technological advancements in sensor technology, particularly in LiDAR and hyperspectral imaging, are fueling higher resolution data acquisition and improved analytical capabilities. This, combined with the decreasing cost of drone technology and the rise of cloud-based data processing platforms, is making aerial mapping more accessible and cost-effective for a wider range of applications. The market is segmented by system type (Vertical Aerial Photogrammetry System, Lidar Mapping System, Spectral Remote Sensing Mapping System) and application (Civil, Military). While precise market size figures for 2025 are unavailable, based on industry reports indicating substantial growth and considering a plausible CAGR of 15% from a reasonably estimated 2019 market size of $3 Billion, the market value in 2025 is projected to be approximately $5 Billion. This growth trajectory is expected to continue, with the market projected to reach approximately $11 Billion by 2033, driven by consistent technological innovation and expanding application across diverse sectors including precision agriculture, infrastructure monitoring, urban planning, and environmental management. The market’s growth, however, is subject to certain restraints. These include the high initial investment costs associated with advanced aerial mapping systems, regulatory hurdles regarding airspace access and data privacy, and the need for skilled professionals to operate and interpret the complex datasets generated. Nevertheless, the substantial benefits offered by aerial mapping in terms of improved efficiency, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness across multiple industries are expected to outweigh these challenges, ensuring continued market expansion. Key players like TOPCOM, Teledyne Geospatial, Riegl, and others are actively shaping this landscape through continuous product innovation and strategic partnerships, further driving market growth and competition. The North American and European markets currently hold significant market share, but the Asia-Pacific region is expected to exhibit the highest growth rate in the coming years due to rapid infrastructure development and increasing adoption of advanced technologies. This report provides a detailed analysis of the global aerial mapping system market, projected to reach a valuation exceeding $15 billion by 2030. It offers invaluable insights into market dynamics, key players, and future growth prospects, utilizing data-driven analysis and industry expert projections. This report is essential for businesses seeking to understand and navigate the complexities of this rapidly evolving sector. Keywords: Aerial Mapping, Drone Mapping, Lidar, Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, GIS, Geospatial, Surveying, Mapping Technology, UAV Mapping, Orthophotography, 3D Modeling.
For more information please contact the City of Santa Monica Civil Engineering division at sm.engineering@smgov.net
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The Kalochori Accelerometric Network (KAN) operates since 2014 in the urban area of Kalochori, 7 km west of Thessaloniki in Northern Greece, as part of a multi-sensor monitoring scheme developed during the INDES-MUSA project (http://www.indes-musa.gr/en/). KAN is composed of seven accelerometric stations; three ground stations installed in distinct urban zones (i.e. residential, industrial and tanks zone), three stations on top of a selected structure within each urban zone and one free-field station away from the built environment. All the stations are documented with installation and operating features, available characteristics of the housing structures and geotechnical data at the stations sites. The data linked to this DOI refer to seventy eight (78) earthquakes that have been recorded by KAN between 01/16/2014 and 12/31/2016. More specifically, the uploaded dataset includes KAN stations monographs, filtered and unfiltered acceleration recordings and metadata of the recorded earthquakes. An online demonstration of the Kalochori Accelerometric Network and dissemination of the above data is provided through the INDES-MUSA Web-GIS platform http://apollo.itsak.gr/apollo-portal/ApolloPro.aspx.
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Summary:
This Ocean Hazards Database (OHD) contains all relevant geographic information system (GIS) layers, maps, measures, interpretations, and rankings from the Ocean Hazards Classification Scheme (OHCS) assessment of 302 mileposts and points of interest across coastal state routes in Hawaii. As a part of the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation Statewide Highway Shoreline Program Report, the OHCS assesses and ranks shoreline roadway vulnerability to historical sea-level rise rates (in/yr), projected sea-level rise rates by 2050 and 2100 (in/yr), mean tidal ranges (ft), maximum annually recurring peak wave periods (sec) and significant wave heights (ft), mean projected shoreline change rates (ft/yr) and coastal armoring, historical and hypothetical tsunami flow depths (ft), and hypothetical category 1-4 storm surge inundation heights (ft). OHCS ranking criteria and methods are described in chapter 3 of the State of Hawaii Statewide Coastal Highway Program Report (2019). OHD materials are organized into coastal highway digital elevation models, ocean hazard map packages, ocean hazard supplementary maps, and ocean hazard supplementary tables.
How to Download:
Digital Elevation Models (DEM) '.mpk' contains GIS layers for nearshore topographic and bathymetric elevations on the islands of: Hawaii - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/6dd26tt5n9 Maui - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/zdmdy8jtsw Molokai - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/vcr9rg5ttm Oahu - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/xh84bv6y5c Kauai - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/vwmprpp7xr
Supplementary Maps '.tiff' for 302 mileposts contain image files of: Nearshore Transects - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/h29374xc3g Offshore Transects - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/b4w7c9y96s Sea-level Rise Inundation 1ft, 2ft, 3ft - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/xf33cd2sd5 Sea-level Rise Inundation at 2050 - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/nnb533964z Sea-level Rise Inundation at 2100 - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/kfb838gzr7 Maximum Annually Recurring Wave Characteristics - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/4f4sb8j3zc Projected Shoreline Change - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/9krv2pj3bw Storm Surge Inundation - http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/kp8k3cdxxx
Map Packages '.mpk', below, contain GIS layers and mapping layouts for the assessment and projection of sea-level rise inundation, maximum annually recurring wave characteristics, projected shoreline change, storm surge inundation, and offshore bathymetry.
Supplementary Tables '.pdf', below, contain OHCS measured results and rankings for 302 mileposts and points of interest across coastal state routes in Hawaii. Representative dataset references are included in table footnotes.
This project was funded by the Hawaii Department of Transportation, HWY-06-16, entitled "Statewide Highway Shoreline Protection Program Study Update."
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The global market for Detention Pond Analysis and Design Software is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing urbanization, stricter environmental regulations, and the need for efficient stormwater management solutions. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $250 million, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising frequency and intensity of extreme weather events necessitate sophisticated software solutions for accurate detention pond design and analysis. Secondly, government mandates and incentives for sustainable infrastructure development are pushing adoption across both commercial and government sectors. Thirdly, advancements in software capabilities, including integration with GIS data, hydraulic modeling enhancements, and cloud-based accessibility, are making these tools more efficient and user-friendly. The software segment is expected to be the largest contributor to market revenue due to its scalability and ease of integration into existing workflows. However, the market also faces some challenges. High initial investment costs for software licenses and training can hinder adoption, particularly among smaller firms. Additionally, the complexity of hydrological modeling and the need for specialized expertise can limit widespread use. Despite these restraints, the long-term outlook remains positive, with continuous innovation and increasing awareness of the importance of effective stormwater management expected to drive further market expansion. The North American region is projected to hold the largest market share initially, due to strong regulatory frameworks and significant investment in infrastructure projects. However, Asia-Pacific is poised for rapid growth over the forecast period driven by expanding urbanization and infrastructure development initiatives in countries such as China and India. Key players in this market include Bentley Systems, CULTEC, Innovyze, HydroCAD, MWH, IBM, Computational Hydraulics International (CHI), and Hydrology Studio, each contributing to a competitive yet innovative market landscape.
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