The annual land cover data of Nepal (2000-2022) have been created through the National Land Cover Monitoring System (NLCMS) for Nepal. The system uses freely available remote-sensing data (Landsat) and a cloud-based machine learning architecture in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to generate land cover maps on an annual basis using a harmonized and consistent classification system.

The NLCMS is developed by the Forest Research and Training Centre (FRTC), Ministry of Forests and Environment, Government of Nepal with support from the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) through SERVIR Hindu Kush Himalaya (SERVIR-HKH), a joint initiative in partnership with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Collaborators include SERVIR–Mekong at the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), SilvaCarbon, Global Land Analysis and Discovery (GLAD) group at the University of Maryland, and the US Forest Service.

The annual land cover data of Nepal for 2000-2019 was first published in 2022 while the data for 2020-2022 was released in 2024.

Soil fertility maps are crucial for sustainable soil and land use management system for predicting soil health status. However, many regions of Nepal lack updated or reliable soil fertility maps. This study aimed to develop the soil fertility map of agricultural areas in Resunga Municipality, Gulmi district of Nepal using the geographical information system (GIS) technique. A total of 57 composite geo-referenced soil samples from the depth (0–20 cm) were taken from the agricultural land of an area of 52 km2. Soil samples were analyzed for their texture, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium, available boron, and available zinc. These parameters were modelled to develop a soil quality index (SQI). Using the kriging tool, obtained parameters were interpolated and digital maps were produced along with soil quality and nutrient indices. The result showed that the study area lies within the fair (0.4 to 0.6) and good (0.6 to 0.8) range of SQI representing 96% and 3% respectively. Soil organic matter and nitrogen showed moderate variability exhibiting a low status in 95% and 86% of the total study area. Phosphorous and potassium showed medium status in 88% and 75% of the study area, respectively. Zinc was low and boron status was medium in most of the area. To maintain soil fertility is by improving the rate of exogenous application of fertilizers and manures. The application of micronutrients like boron and zinc is highly recommended in the study area along with organic manures. The soil fertility map can be used as a baseline for soil and land use management in Resunga Municipality. We recommend further studies to validate the map and assess the factors affecting soil fertility in this region. Soil fertility maps provide researchers, farmers, students, and land use planners with easier decision-making tools for sustainable crop production systems and land use management systems.

Digital polygon data of Geology of Nepal. This dataset is created using geological Map of 1,000,000 scale published by Department of Mines and Geology in 1994.

This dataset contains GIS data and LIB files from an initial wind resource assessment for Nepal. For more information please visit the country webpage: https://www.esmap.org/re-mapping/nepal

The 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake and its aftershocks triggered about 25,000 landslides over an area of more than 30,000 km2 in the Greater and Lesser Himalaya of Nepal and China. In order to understand the relation among landslide location, earthquake shaking, topography, tectonic geologic and climatic setting, earthquake-triggered landslides were mapped using high-resolution (<1m pixel resolution) pre- and post-event satellite imagery. Source and runout areas were differentiated and mapped separately. The data accompany an interpretive paper published in the journal Geomorphology. The published products are separate ESRI ArcMap 10.2.2 shapefiles that comprise: (i) mapped landslide source areas, (ii) mapped landslide full areas (source, transport and deposit area combined), (iii) the extent of geographic areas in which mapping was completed, (iv) obscured areas in which the mapping is incomplete because of the lack of clear, undistorted satellite data from post-earthq ...

Map with solar irradiation and PV power potential in Nepal. The GIS data (AAIGRID and GEOTIFF) stems from the Global Solar Atlas (http://globalsolaratlas.info). The link also provides a poster size (.tif) and midsize map (.png). The Global Solar Atlas is continuously updated. Provided GIS data layers include long-term yearly average of: (1) PVOUT – Photovoltaic power potential kWh/kWp GHI – Global horizontal irradiation kWh/m2 DIF – Diffuse horizontal irradiation kWh/m2 GTI – Global irradiation for optimally tilted surface kWh/m2 OPTA – Optimum tilt to maximize yearly yield ° DNI – Direct normal irradiation [kWh/m2].

Data repository for measurements from 10 wind masts in Nepal. Data will be uploaded in batches, on a monthly basis, and will transmit daily reports for wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, relative humidity and temperature. Please refer to the country project page for additional outputs and reports, including the installation reports: http://esmap.org/re-mapping/nepal For access to maps and GIS layers, please visit the Global Wind Atlas: https://globalwindatlas.info/ Please cite as: [Data/information/map obtained from the] “World Bank via ENERGYDATA.info, under a project funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP).

Digital polygon data of Soils of Nepal. This dataset is created using soil data provided by in Soil Science Division, Department of Agriculture and Topographic Zonal Map of 250000 scales published by Department of Survey Nepal in 1988 and is in geographic coordinates.

This interactive map of Nepal, broken down into five development regions, highlights the Mid-Western and Far-Western regions as the priority area for the Nepal Food Security Enhancement Project (jointly financed by the Nepal Government and GAFSP). The project is being implemented in nineteen hill and mountain districts of these two regions. The interactive map shows sub-national poverty and malnutrition data, as well as information on irrigation in the various regions. The Mid-Western and Far-Western regions are the two regions where poverty and malnutrition are the highest in the country. The Nepal Living Standard Survey (NLSS III, 2010) showed that 37% of the people in the rural hills of these regions fall below the poverty line, compared to the national average of 25.16%. The proportion of underweight children under the age of 5 years in the Mid-Western region is the highest in the country (more than 10%). The project has been designed to enhance food security and nutrition in food insecure communities in these two regions. Data Sources: Nepal Agriculture and Food Security Project (NAFSP) LocationsSource: GAFSP and World Bank Documents. Poverty (Proportion of population below the poverty line) (2010/11): Proportion of the population living on less than Rs 19.261 per year, in average 2010/11 prices.Source: Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Poverty in Nepal 2010/11. Nepal Living Standard Survey III 2010/11 (NLSS III). Poverty (Proportion of population below the poverty line at district level) (2011): Proportion of the population living on less than Rs 19.261 per year, in average 2010/11 prices.Source: Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics - World Bank. “Nepal Small Area Estimation of Poverty, 2011 -Estimations based on Living Standards Survey 2010-11, Nepal Census 2011 and GIS information from the Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping Unit of World Food Program Nepal.” Malnutrition (Proportion of underweight children under 5 years) (2011): Prevalence of severely underweight children is the percentage of children aged 0-59 months whose weight for age is less than minus 3 standard deviations below the median weight-for-age of the international reference population.Source: Measure DHS - Nepal Ministry of Health and Population. "2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey." Population (Total population) (2011): Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship, except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Source: Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. “2011 Census Preliminary Results.” Population Density (Persons per 1 square kilometer) (2011): Population divided by land area in square kilometers.Source: Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. 2011 Census preliminary results. Irrigation (2009/10): Total Irrigated Area in Hectares.Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives. Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2009/10. Irrigation (2011/12): Total irrigated area in hectares.Source: Ministry of Agriculture - Department of Irrigation - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/2012." Rice Area (2011-12): Area in hectares of agricultural land used for rice.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/2012."

Rice Production (2011-12): Rice harvested expressed in tons.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/2012." Rice Productivity (2011-12): Rice yield expressed in kilograms per hectare.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/2012." Rice Area (2013-14): Area in hectares of agriculture land used for rice.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2013/2014."

Rice Production (2013-14): Rice harvested expressed in tons.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2013/2014."
Rice Productivity (2013-14): Rice yield expressed in kilograms per hectare.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2013/2014." Wheat Area (2011-12): Area in hectares of agriculture land used for wheat.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/2012." Wheat Production (2011-12): Wheat harvested expressed in tons.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/2012."
Wheat Productivity (2011-12): Wheat yield expressed in kilograms per hectare.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/2012." Wheat Area (2013-14): Area in hectares of agriculture land used for wheat.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2013/2014." Wheat Production (2013-14): Wheat harvested expressed in tons.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2013/2014."
Wheat Productivity (2013-14): Rice yield expressed in kilograms per hectare.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2013/2014." Livestock Inventory (2011-12): Number of cattle, goat, and sheep by district.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/2012." Livestock Inventory (2013-14): Number of cattle, goat, and sheep by district.Source: Ministry of Agricultural Development - Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division Statistics Section. "Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2013/2014."

The maps displayed on the GAFSP website are for reference only. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on these maps do not imply, on the part of GAFSP (and the World Bank Group), any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

This datasset contains the data of Protected Areas of Nepal's National Parks, Wildlife Reserves, Hunting Reserves, Conservation Area & Buffer Zones.

Population density per pixel at 100 metre resolution. WorldPop provides estimates of numbers of people residing in each 100x100m grid cell for every low and middle income country. Through ingegrating cencus, survey, satellite and GIS datasets in a flexible machine-learning framework, high resolution maps of population counts and densities for 2000-2020 are produced, along with accompanying metadata. DATASET: Alpha version 2010 and 2015 estimates of numbers of people per grid square, with national totals adjusted to match UN population division estimates (http://esa.un.org/wpp/) and remaining unadjusted. REGION: Africa SPATIAL RESOLUTION: 0.000833333 decimal degrees (approx 100m at the equator) PROJECTION: Geographic, WGS84 UNITS: Estimated persons per grid square MAPPING APPROACH: Land cover based, as described in: Linard, C., Gilbert, M., Snow, R.W., Noor, A.M. and Tatem, A.J., 2012, Population distribution, settlement patterns and accessibility across Africa in 2010, PLoS ONE, 7(2): e31743. FORMAT: Geotiff (zipped using 7-zip (open access tool): www.7-zip.org) FILENAMES: Example - AGO10adjv4.tif = Angola (AGO) population count map for 2010 (10) adjusted to match UN national estimates (adj), version 4 (v4). Population maps are updated to new versions when improved census or other input data become available. Nepal data available from WorldPop here.

Range for different soil parameters given by the Soil Management Directorate, Department of Agriculture for Terai region of Nepal.

GIS database on the Yarsha Khola watershed

    Members informations:
    Attached Vector(s):
     MemberID: 1
    Vector Name: Land use 1961
    Source Map Name: SOI toposheet
    Source Map Scale: 50000
    Source Map Date: 1905-05-14
    Projection: Nepal 87
    Feature_type: polygon
    Vector 
    digitized from topographic maps

    Members informations:
    Attached Vector(s):
     MemberID: 2
    Vector Name: Land use 1981
    Source Map Name: LRMP
    Source Map Scale: 50000
    Source Map Date: 1905-06-03
    Feature_type: polygon
    Vector 
    from Land Resources Mapping Project (LRMP)

    Members informations:
    Attached Vector(s):
     MemberID: 3
    Vector Name: Land use 1992
    Source Map Name: topo sheet
    Source Map Scale: 25000
    Source Map Date: 1905-06-14
    Projection: Nepal 87
    Feature_type: polygon
    Vector 
    from topo sheet

    Members informations:
    Attached Vector(s):
     MemberID: 4
    Vector Name: Land use 1996
    Source Map Name: air photographs
    Source Map Scale: 20000
    Source Map Date: 1905-06-18
    Projection: Nepal 87
    Feature_type: polygon
    Vector 
    from air photographs

    Members informations:
    Attached Vector(s):
     MemberID: 5
    Vector Name: VDC
    Source Map Name: toposheet
    Source Map Scale: 25000
    Source Map Date: 1905-06-14
    Feature_type: polygon
    Vector 
    VDC (Village Development Committee) boundaries

    Attached Image(s):
     Member ID: 6
    Image Name: Orthophoto Mosaic
    Image Source name: AIRCRAFT
    Image Resolution: 1m
    Image Number of Rows:
    Image Number of Columns:
    Image Number of Bits: 8
    Image 
    Mosaic of digitally produced orthophotos

This dataset is an extraction of roads from OpenStreetMap data made by WFP following UNSDI-T standards. The data is updated in near-real time from OSM servers and include all latest updates. NOTE: this dataset doesn't include streets and pathways that have been published on a separate dataset (streets and pathways).

More documentation on the whole process for extracting OpenStreetMap roads can be found here: https://geonode.wfp.org/documents/6823/download

This map highlights 8962 stations with monthly discharge data, including data derived daily up to 20 December 2013. The GRDB (Global Runoff DataBase) is built on an initial dataset collected in the early 1980s from the responses to WMO (World Meteorological Organization request to its member countries to provide a global hydrological data set to complement a specific set of atmospheric data in the framework of the First Global GARP Experiment (FCGE). The initial dataset of monthly river discharge data over a period of several years around 1980 was supplemented with the UNESCO monthly river discharge data collection 1965-85. Today the database comprises discharge data of nearly 9.000 gauging stations from all over the world. Since 1993 the total number of station-years has increased by a factor of around 10.Credits and partnerships:OSU - College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesCarniege Corporation of New YGloabl orkNASCE - Northwest Alliance for Computational Science & EngineeringInternational Water Management InstituteUNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganisationUSGS - United States Geological Survey

Mineral resource occurrence data covering the world, most thoroughly within the U.S. This database contains the records previously provided in the Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS) of USGS and the Mineral Availability System/Mineral Industry Locator System (MAS/MILS) originated in the U.S. Bureau of Mines, which is now part of USGS. The MRDS is a large and complex relational database developed over several decades by hundreds of researchers and reporters. While database records describe mineral resources worldwide, the compilation of information was intended to cover the United States completely, and its coverage of resources in other countries is incomplete. The content of MRDS records was drawn from reports previously published or made available to USGS researchers. Some of those original source materials are no longer available. The information contained in MRDS was intended to reflect the reports used as sources and is current only as of the date of those source reports. Consequently MRDS does not reflect up-to-date changes to the operating status of mines, ownership, land status, production figures and estimates of reserves and resources, or the nature, size, and extent of workings. Information on the geological characteristics of the mineral resource are likely to remain correct, but aspects involving human activity are likely to be out of date.

Land utilisation has been mapped from 1:20'000 air photos and field checked. Air photo interpretation has been transferred visually to base map ('eyeballed'). Contains extensive land managment practice information.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled a geodatabase containing mineral-related geospatial data for 10 countries of interest in Southwest Asia (area of study): Afghanistan, Cambodia, Laos, India, Indonesia, Iran, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, and Thailand. The data can be used in analyses of the extractive fuel and nonfuel mineral industries and related economic and physical infrastructure integral for the successful operation of the mineral industries within the area of study as well as the movement of mineral products across domestic and global markets. This geodatabase reflects the USGS ongoing commitment to its mission of understanding the nature and distribution of global mineral commodity supply chains by updating and publishing the georeferenced locations of mineral commodity production and processing facilities, mineral exploration and development sites, and mineral commodity exporting ports for the countries in the area of study. The geodatabase contains data feat ...

This repository includes all result datasets and figures from the OnStove Nepal model presented in the paper "Achieving Nepal's clean cooking ambitions: an open source and geospatial cost–benefit analysis" DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00209-2.

The code and automated workflow to run the model can be found in the Github repository https://github.com/Open-Source-Spatial-Clean-Cooking-Tool/OnStove-Nepal. All model input data can be downloaded from the permanent repository at 10.5281/zenodo.10641858.

Folder structure

The folder structure consists of a Procedded GIS Data folder containing all GIS processed data. These are the outputs from the DataProcessor.ipynb script and the raw GIS input data files found in the input data repository.

A folder for each scenario results. Within each scenario folder, there are:

• A model.pkl and a results.pkl files. These are a calibrated OnStove model with the scenario inputs and a complete results model file of the scenario respectively. Both of these files can be read and explored using the OnStove tool.
• A summary.csv file with the summary results of the scenario for each technology.
• A Subsidies_scenario_name.csv file showing the required total subsidies per technology of the scenario.
• Image files in pdf format for:
  • The baseline technologies used in the country (current_shares.pdf),
  • The spatial mix of technologies providing the maximum net-benefits throughout the country (max_benefit_tech.pdf),
  • The total costs and benefits of the transition per technology (costs_benefits.pdf),
  • The bar plot of max benefit technology shares (tech_split.pdf),
  • The max benefit technologies distribution over relative wealth in the country (tech_histogram.pdf),
• A Rasters folder with raster files of different result maps in .tif format.

Inside the MCA folder, all results from the prioritization analysis are found, including:

• The prioritized spatial technology mix to achieve the goals of the country (Prioritized_hh.pdf),
• The biogas cookstoves relative wealth distribution index (Biogas_index.pdf),
• The biomass ICS T3 cookstoves relative wealth distribution index (Biomass_ICS_T3_index.pdf),
• The electrical cookstoves relative wealth distribution index (Electricity_index.pdf),
• The biogas cookstoves priority map (Biogas_priority_areas.pdf),
• The biomass ICS T3 cookstoves priority map (Biomass_ICS_T3_priority_areas.pdf),
• The electrical cookstoves priority map (Electricity_priority_areas.pdf),
• The total costs and benefits of the transition per technology (costs_benefits.pdf),
• The prioritized technology shares distribution over relative wealth in the country (tech_histogram_prioritized.pdf),
• A Subsidies_prioritized.csv file showing the required total subsidies per technology,
• A mca.pkl file with the MCA model that can be manipulated using the OnStove tool,
• A access_results.txt file with the current and after prioritization clean cooking access shares in the country.

A main_plot.pdf and a prioritized_plot.pdf files showing the compiled results for all scenarios and prioritized scenario respectively.

License

All datasets are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Digital line dataset of Streams of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. This dataset is created using Topographic sheet data at scale of 25,000/50,000, of 1995 acquired from National Geographic Information Infrastructure Project (NGIIP), Dept. of Survey Kathmandu, Nepal.