This is a link to the QGIS website where you can download open-source GIS software for viewing, analyzing and manipulating geodata like our downloadable shapefiles.

DNRGPS is an update to the popular DNRGarmin application. DNRGPS and its predecessor were built to transfer data between Garmin handheld GPS receivers and GIS software.

DNRGPS was released as Open Source software with the intention that the GPS user community will become stewards of the application, initiating future modifications and enhancements.

DNRGPS does not require installation. Simply run the application .exe

See the DNRGPS application documentation for more details.

Compatible with: Windows (XP, 7, 8, 10, and 11), ArcGIS shapefiles and file geodatabases, Google Earth, most hand-held Garmin GPSs, and other NMEA output GPSs

Limited Compatibility: Interactions with ArcMap layer files and ArcMap graphics are no longer supported. Instead use shapefile or geodatabase.

Prerequisite: .NET 4 Framework

DNR Data and Software License Agreement

Subscribe to the DNRGPS announcement list to be notified of upgrades or updates.

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The GIS market share in EMEA is expected to increase to USD 2.01 billion from 2021 to 2026, and the market’s growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 8.23%.

This EMEA GIS market research report provides valuable insights on the post COVID-19 impact on the market, which will help companies evaluate their business approaches. Furthermore, this report extensively covers GIS market in EMEA segmentation by:

Component - Software, data, and services
End-user - Government, utilities, military, telecommunication, and others

What will the GIS Market Size in EMEA be During the Forecast Period?

Download the Free Report Sample to Unlock the GIS Market Size in EMEA for the Forecast Period and Other Important Statistics

The EMEA GIS market report also offers information on several market vendors, including arxiT SA, Autodesk Inc., Bentley Systems Inc., Cimtex International, CNIM SA, Computer Aided Development Corp. Ltd., Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc., Fugro NV, General Electric Co., HERE Global BV, Hexagon AB, Hi-Target, Mapbox Inc., Maxar Technologies Inc., Pitney Bowes Inc., PSI Services LLC, Rolta India Ltd., SNC Lavalin Group Inc., SuperMap Software Co. Ltd., Takor Group Ltd., and Trimble Inc. among others.

GIS Market in EMEA: Key Drivers, Trends, and Challenges

The integration of BIM and GIS is notably driving the GIS market growth in EMEA, although factors such as data viability and risk of intrusion may impede market growth. Our research analysts have studied the historical data and deduced the key market drivers and the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the GIS industry in EMEA. The holistic analysis of the drivers will help in deducing end goals and refining marketing strategies to gain a competitive edge.

Key GIS Market Driver in EMEA

One of the key factors driving the geographic information system (GIS) market growth in EMEA is the integration of BIM and GIS. A GIS adds value to BIM by visualizing and analyzing the data with regard to the buildings and surrounding features, such as environmental and demographic information. BIM data and workflows include information regarding sensors and the placement of devices in IoT-connected networks. For instance, Dubai's Civil Defense Department has integrated GIS data with its automatic fire surveillance system. This information is provided in a matter of seconds on the building monitoring systems of the Civil Defense Department. Furthermore, location-based services offered by GIS providers help generate huge volumes of data from stationary and moving devices and enable users to perform real-time spatial analytics and derive useful geographic insights from it. Owing to the advantages associated with the integration of BIM with GIS solutions, the demand for GIS solutions is expected to increase during the forecast period.

Key GIS Market Challenge in EMEA

One of the key challenges to the is the GIS market growth in EMEA is the data viability and risk of intrusion. Hackers can hack into these systems with malicious intentions and manipulate the data, which could have destructive or negative repercussions. Such hacking of data could cause nationwide chaos. For instance, if a hacker manipulated the traffic management database, massive traffic jams and accidents could result. If a hacker obtained access to the database of a national disaster management organization and manipulated the data to create a false disaster situation, it could lead to a panic situation. Therefore, the security infrastructure accompanying the implementation of GIS software solutions must be robust. Such security threats may impede market growth in the coming years.

Key GIS Market Trend in EMEA

Integration of augmented reality (AR) and GIS is one of the key geographic information system market trends in EMEA that is expected to impact the industry positively in the forecast period. AR apps could provide GIS content to professional end-users and aid them in making decisions on-site, using advanced and reliable information available on their mobile devices and smartphones. For instance, when the user simply points the camera of the phone at the ground, the application will be able to show the user the location and orientation of water pipes and electric cables that are concealed underground. Organizations such as the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) are seeking investments and are open to sponsors for an upcoming AR pilot project, which seeks to advance the standards of AR technology at both respective organizations. Such factors will further support the market growth in the coming years.

This GIS market in EMEA analysis report also provides detailed information on other upcoming trends and challenges that will have a far-reaching effect on the market growth. The actionable insights on the trends and challenges will help companies evaluate and develop growth strategies for 2022-202

NLEAP GIS 5.0 can help users identify hot spots across the landscape and identify management practices that can increase nitrogen use efficiency. A Nitrogen Trading Tool (NTT) analysis can be conducted to determine the potential benefits of implementing best management practices and the quantity of nitrogen savings that could potentially be traded in future air or water quality markets. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: NLEAP GIS 5.0. File Name: Web Page, url: https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/software/download/?softwareid=428&modecode=30-12-30-15 download page

The Pacific Southwest Region has geospatial datasets available for download from this website. These datasets are zipped personal or file geodatabases created using ESRI ArcGis 10.0 software. Additional descriptive information as well as data steward contact information, for each geodatabase, can be found under the metadata link. State Level Datasets Existing Vegetation, Fire History, Fire Return Interval Departure, Direct Protection Areas, and other California extent data sets. Region Level Datasets Forest Activities (FACTS), Vegetation Burn Severity, Allotments and other Regional extent datasets. Forest Planning & Monitoring Datasets Land Manangement Plans, including the Draft Early Adopters (Inyo, Sierra and Sequia National Forests) Forest Datasets Transportation and land suitability class data are available. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Pacific Southwest Region Geospatial Data. File Name: Web Page, url: https://www.fs.usda.gov/main/r5/landmanagement/gis The Pacific Southwest Region has geospatial datasets available for download from this website. They include State Level Datasets, Region Level Datasets, Forest Planning & Monitoring Datasets, and Forest Datasets. Freeware, like 7-Zip, for decompressing (unzipping) the geodatabases can be found by utilizing a search engine; as can freeware, like ArcGis Explorer Desktop, for viewing the geospatial dataResource Software Recommended: 7-Zip,url: http://www.7-zip.org/ Resource Title: Pacific Southwest Region Geospatial Data. File Name: Web Page, url: https://www.fs.usda.gov/main/r5/landmanagement/gis The Pacific Southwest Region has geospatial datasets available for download from this website. They include State Level Datasets, Region Level Datasets, Forest Planning & Monitoring Datasets, and Forest Datasets. Freeware, like 7-Zip, for decompressing (unzipping) the geodatabases can be found by utilizing a search engine; as can freeware, like ArcGis Explorer Desktop, for viewing the geospatial dataResource Software Recommended: ArcGIS Explorer Desktop,url: http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/explorer/index.html

City of New Orleans ownership parcels. ESRI shapefile may be downloaded by selecting 'Export', then 'Download as: Shapefile'. Free GIS software for viewing geometry may be downloaded from ESRI (http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcreader/). For KMZ format, please download .kmz attached.

The Digital Geologic-GIS Map of Yosemite National Park and Vicinity, California is composed of GIS data layers and GIS tables, and is available in the following GRI-supported GIS data formats: 1.) a 10.1 file geodatabase (yose_geology.gdb), a 2.) Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) geopackage, and 3.) 2.2 KMZ/KML file for use in Google Earth, however, this format version of the map is limited in data layers presented and in access to GRI ancillary table information. The file geodatabase format is supported with a 1.) ArcGIS Pro map file (.mapx) file (yose_geology.mapx) and individual Pro layer (.lyrx) files (for each GIS data layer), as well as with a 2.) 10.1 ArcMap (.mxd) map document (yose_geology.mxd) and individual 10.1 layer (.lyr) files (for each GIS data layer). The OGC geopackage is supported with a QGIS project (.qgz) file. Upon request, the GIS data is also available in ESRI 10.1 shapefile format. Contact Stephanie O'Meara (see contact information below) to acquire the GIS data in these GIS data formats. In addition to the GIS data and supporting GIS files, three additional files comprise a GRI digital geologic-GIS dataset or map: 1.) A GIS readme file (yose_geology_gis_readme.pdf), 2.) the GRI ancillary map information document (.pdf) file (yose_geology.pdf) which contains geologic unit descriptions, as well as other ancillary map information and graphics from the source map(s) used by the GRI in the production of the GRI digital geologic-GIS data for the park, and 3.) a user-friendly FAQ PDF version of the metadata (yose_geology_metadata_faq.pdf). Please read the yose_geology_gis_readme.pdf for information pertaining to the proper extraction of the GIS data and other map files. Google Earth software is available for free at: https://www.google.com/earth/versions/. QGIS software is available for free at: https://www.qgis.org/en/site/. Users are encouraged to only use the Google Earth data for basic visualization, and to use the GIS data for any type of data analysis or investigation. The data were completed as a component of the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) program, a National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Division funded program that is administered by the NPS Geologic Resources Division (GRD). For a complete listing of GRI products visit the GRI publications webpage: For a complete listing of GRI products visit the GRI publications webpage: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/geologic-resources-inventory-products.htm. For more information about the Geologic Resources Inventory Program visit the GRI webpage: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/gri,htm. At the bottom of that webpage is a "Contact Us" link if you need additional information. You may also directly contact the program coordinator, Jason Kenworthy (jason_kenworthy@nps.gov). Source geologic maps and data used to complete this GRI digital dataset were provided by the following: U.S. Geological Survey and California Geological Survey. Detailed information concerning the sources used and their contribution the GRI product are listed in the Source Citation section(s) of this metadata record (yose_geology_metadata.txt or yose_geology_metadata_faq.pdf). Users of this data are cautioned about the locational accuracy of features within this dataset. Based on the source map scale of 1:62,500 and United States National Map Accuracy Standards features are within (horizontally) 31.8 meters or 104.2 feet of their actual location as presented by this dataset. Users of this data should thus not assume the location of features is exactly where they are portrayed in Google Earth, ArcGIS, QGIS or other software used to display this dataset. All GIS and ancillary tables were produced as per the NPS GRI Geology-GIS Geodatabase Data Model v. 2.3. (available at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/gri-geodatabase-model.htm).

Area layers of US, Australia, and Canada building footprints for use with GIS mapping software, databases, and web applications.

Address point data for use with GIS mapping software, databases, and web applications are from Caliper Corporation and contain a point layer of over 48 million addresses in 22 states and the District of Columbia.

PLEASE NOTE: These data do not include data over Tasmania. Please see links relevant to that area.

GEODATA TOPO 250K Series 3 is a vector representation of the major topographic features appearing on the 1:250,000 scale NATMAPs supplied in KML format and is designed for use in a range of commercial GIS software. Data is arranged within specific themes. All data is based on the GDA94 coordinate system.

GEODATA TOPO 250K Series 3 is available as a free download product in Personal Geodatabase, ArcView Shapefile or MapInfo TAB file formats. Each package includes data arranged in ten main themes - cartography, elevation, framework, habitation, hydrography, infrastructure, terrain, transport, utility and vegetation. Data is also available as GEODATA TOPO 250K Series 3 for Google Earth in kml format for use on Google Earth TM Mapping Service.

Product Specifications

Themes: Cartography, Elevation, Framework, Habitation, Hydrography, Infrastructure, Terrain, Transport, Utility and Vegetation

Coverage: National (Powerlines not available in South Australia)

Currency: Data has a currency of less than five years for any location

Coordinates: Geographical

Datum: Geocentric Datum of Australia (GDA94)

Formats: Personal Geodatabase, kml, Shapefile and MapInfo TAB

Release Date: 26 June 2006

Users are encouraged to access the Maine ArcGIS REST Services Directory and connect to the 2-foot contour feature service layer URLs available under the "Hosted" folder instead of attempting to download the data. Many GIS software clients (including ArcGIS, QGIS, and Global Mapper) allow for exporting data directly in the software client as well, once the service connection is established. Please review your specific GIS client documentation for the workflow to add a new ArcGIS/feature service connection.AutoCAD users: There is a free plugin available (ArcGIS for AutoCAD) that allows direct editing of GIS data within AutoCAD. System requirements can be found here. The download page can be found here.

The tile server displays the data and technical specifications aimed at viewing, through any appropriately configured GIS software, the orthophotos published by the Local Information System (SIT) of the Municipality of Bologna.Here you can download the individual tiles (2017)Here you can download the individual tiles (2020)Here you can download the individual tiles (2020)Here you can download the individual tiles (2021)Here you can download the individual tiles (2022)Here you can download the individual tiles (2023)Images are displayed in the WGS 84 Pseudo-Mercator coordinate system (EPSG 3857).The service allows the display of raster images in the form of tiles, previously created and published via a webserver. The technical instructions for viewing can be found in the attached files at the bottom of the page.The images are thus presented very quickly to the user who accesses them. In the manual you will find all the useful references and by way of example, the steps to view the server tile with the QGIS software, a free GIS application.

Developed by SOLARGIS (https://solargis.com) and provided by the Global Solar Atlas (GSA), this data resource contains photovoltaic power potential (PVOUT) in kWh/kWp covering the globe. Data is provided in a geographic spatial reference (EPSG:4326). The resolution (pixel size) of solar resource data (GHI, DIF, GTI, DNI) is 9 arcsec (nominally 250 m), PVOUT and TEMP 30 arcsec (nominally 1 km) and OPTA 2 arcmin (nominally 4 km).

The data is hyperlinked under 'resources' with the following characteristics:
PVOUT - LTAy_AvgDailyTotals (GeoTIFF)
Data format: GEOTIFF
File size : 3.6 GB

There are two temporal representation of solar resource and PVOUT data available:
• Longterm yearly/monthly average of daily totals (LTAym_AvgDailyTotals)
• Longterm average of yearly/monthly totals (LTAym_YearlyMonthlyTotals)

Both type of data are equivalent, you can select the summarization of your preference. The relation between datasets is described by simple equations:
• LTAy_YearlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * 365.25
• LTAy_MonthlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * Number_of_Days_In_The_Month

*For individual country or regional data downloads please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download (use the drop-down menu to select country or region of interest)
*For data provided in AAIGrid please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download/world.

For more information and terms of use, please, read metadata, provided in PDF and XML format for each data layer in a download file. For other data formats, resolution or time aggregation, please, visit Solargis website. Data can be used for visualization, further processing, and geo-analysis in all mainstream GIS software with raster data processing capabilities (such as open source QGIS, commercial ESRI ArcGIS products and others).

This guide helps iwi, hapū and whānau set up a simple offline GIS on your computer. The dataset and mapping layers cover all mainland areas of Aotearoa. You can install free tools, download the Matawhenua starter package, open the supplied QGIS project, add LINZ basemaps, and create local copies for your own rohe.This toolset lets you maintain complete data sovereignty. All data is stored on your computer and no one else can access it. The software and data are free and ready to use. There are no licence fees or ongoing costs.You keep control of your kōrero and decide what to share, when, and with whom. No cloud storage or accounts are required. The datasets are current as at August 2025 and do not update automatically.

Developed by SOLARGIS and provided by the Global Solar Atlas (GSA), this data resource contains direct normal irradiation (DNI) in kWh/m² covering the globe. Data is provided in a geographic spatial reference (EPSG:4326). The resolution (pixel size) of solar resource data (GHI, DIF, GTI, DNI) is 9 arcsec (nominally 250 m), PVOUT and TEMP 30 arcsec (nominally 1 km) and OPTA 2 arcmin (nominally 4 km). The data is hyperlinked under 'resources' with the following characteristics: DNI LTAy_AvgDailyTotals (GeoTIFF) Data format: GEOTIFF File size : 343.99 MB There are two temporal representation of solar resource and PVOUT data available: • Longterm yearly/monthly average of daily totals (LTAym_AvgDailyTotals) • Longterm average of yearly/monthly totals (LTAym_YearlyMonthlyTotals) Both type of data are equivalent, you can select the summarization of your preference. The relation between datasets is described by simple equations: • LTAy_YearlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * 365.25 • LTAy_MonthlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * Number_of_Days_In_The_Month For individual country or regional data downloads please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download (use the drop-down menu to select country or region of interest) For data provided in AAIGrid please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download/world. For more information and terms of use, please, read metadata, provided in PDF and XML format for each data layer in a download file. For other data formats, resolution or time aggregation, please, visit Solargis website. Data can be used for visualization, further processing, and geo-analysis in all mainstream GIS software with raster data processing capabilities (such as open source QGIS, commercial ESRI ArcGIS products and others).

The topographic data includes constructed and natural features that make up Ontario’s landscape.

The cache provides limited data from areas outside Ontario’s boundaries, such as the United States and adjacent provinces and territories.

Technical information Two versions of the LIO Topographic Data Cache are available:

The traditional raster version is available for a variety of GIS applications and is updated annually. The vector version is suitable for online web map applications as well as modern GIS software and is updated twice a year. Contributing data layers may have different maintenance and update cycles.

Some cache layers have been processed in a way that makes it easier for them to be displayed in a mapping product. Other layers are unchanged from the authoritative data.

The cartographic symbology used in the data cache is intentionally muted to allow users to showcase their data.The LIO Vector Topographic Data Cache is created from many source datasets as described in the LIO Topographic Data Cache user guide. If you are interested in obtaining this authoritative data, you can download it from the Ontario GeoHub.

Additional Documentation

LIO Topographic Data Cache - User Guide (DOCX)

LIO Vector Topographic Data Cache - Tile Layer

Status

On going: Data is continually being updated

Maintenance and Update Frequency

Biannually: data is updated twice each year

Contact

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources - Geospatial Ontario, geospatial@ontario.ca

This is a dataset download, not a document. The Open button will start the download.This data represents the map extent for current and historical USGS topographic maps for the United States and Territories, including 1 X 2 Degree, 1 X 1 Degree, 30 X 60 Minute, 15 X 15 Minute, 7.5 X 7.5 Minute, and 3.75 X 3.75 Minute. The grid was generated using ESRI ArcInfo GIS software.

Abstract

This dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied.

This dataset was sourced from the Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines in 2012. Information provided by the Department describes the dataset as follows:

This data was originally provided on DVD and contains the converted shapefiles, layer files, raster images and project .mxd files used on the Queensland geology and structural framework map. The maps were done in ArcGIS 9.3.1 and the data stored in file geodatabases, topology created and validated. This provides greater data quality by performing topological validation on the feature's spatial relationships. For the purposes of the DVD, shapefiles were created from the file geodatabases and for MapInfo users MapInfo .tab and .wor files. The shapefiles on the DVD are a revision of the 1975 Queensland geology data, and are both are available for display, query and download on the department's online GIS application.

The Queensland geology map is a digital representation of the distribution or extent of geological units within Queensland. In the GIS, polygons have a range of attributes including unit name, type of unit, age, lithological description, dominant rock type, and an abbreviated symbol for use in labelling the polygons. The lines in this dataset are a digital representation of the position of the boundaries of geological units and other linear features such as faults and folds. The lines are attributed with a description of the type of line represented. Approximately 2000 rock units were grouped into the 250 map units in this data set. The digital data was generalised and simplified from the Department's detailed geological data and was captured at 1:500 000 scale for output at 1:2 000 000 scale.

In the ESRI version, a layer file is provided which presents the units in the colours and patterns used on the printed hard copy map. For Map Info users, a simplified colour palette is provided without patterns. However a georeferenced image of the hard copy map is included and can be displayed as a background in both Arc Map and Map Info.

The geological framework of Queensland is classified by structural or tectonic unit (provinces and basins) in which the rocks formed. These are referred to as basins (or in some cases troughs and depressions) where the original form and structure are still apparent. Provinces (and subprovinces) are generally older basins that have been strongly tectonised and/or metamorphosed so that the original basin extent and form are no longer preserved. Note that intrusive and some related volcanic rocks that overlap these provinces and basins have not been included in this classification. The map was compiled using boundaries modified and generalised from the 1:2 000 000 Queensland Geology map (2012). Outlines of subsurface basins are also shown and these are based on data and published interpretations from petroleum exploration and geophysical surveys (seismic, gravity and magnetics).

For the structural framework dataset, two versions are provided. In QLD_STRUCTURAL_FRAMEWORK, polygons are tagged with the name of the surface structural unit, and names of underlying units are imbedded in a text string in the HIERARCHY field. In QLD_STRUCTURAL_FRAMEWORK_MULTI_POLYS, the data is structured into a series of overlapping, multi-part polygons, one for each structural unit. Two layer files are provided with the ESRI data, one where units are symbolised by name. Because the dataset has been designed for units display in the order of superposition, this layer file assigns colours to the units that occur at the surface with concealed units being left uncoloured. Another layer file symbolises them by the orogen of which they are part. A similar set of palettes has been provided for Map Info.

Dataset History

Details on the source data can be found in the xml file associated with data layer.

Data in this release

\*ESRI.shp and MapInfo .tab files of rock unit polygons and lines with associated layer attributes of Queensland geology

\*ESRI.shp and MapInfo .tab files of structural unit polygons and lines with associated layer attributes of structural framework

\*ArcMap .mxd and .lyr files and MapInfo .wor files containing symbology

\*Georeferenced Queensland geology map, gravity and magnetic images

\*Queensland geology map, structural framework and schematic diagram PDF files

\*Data supplied in geographical coordinates (latitude/longitude) based on Geocentric Datum of Australia - GDA94

Accessing the data

Programs exist for the viewing and manipulation of the digital spatial data contained on this DVD. Accessing the digital datasets will require GIS software. The following GIS viewers can be downloaded from the internet. ESRI ArcExplorer can be found by a search of www.esriaustralia.com.au and MapInfo ProViewer by a search on www.pbinsight.com.au collectively ("the websites").

Metadata

Metadata is contained in .htm files placed in the root folder of each vector data folder. For ArcMap users metadata for viewing in ArcCatalog is held in an .xml file with each shapefile within the ESRI Shapefile folders.

Disclaimer

The State of Queensland is not responsible for the privacy practices or the content of the websites and makes no statements, representations, or warranties about the content or accuracy or completeness of, any information or products contained on the websites.

Despite our best efforts, the State of Queensland makes no warranties that the information or products available on the websites are free from infection by computer viruses or other contamination.

The State of Queensland disclaims all responsibility and all liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages and costs you might incur as a result of accessing the websites or using the products available on the websites in any way, and for any reason.

The State of Queensland has included the websites in this document as an information source only. The State of Queensland does not promote or endorse the websites or the programs contained on them in any way.

WARNING: The Queensland Government and the Department of Natural Resources and Mines accept no liability for and give no undertakings, guarantees or warranties concerning the accuracy, completeness or fitness for the purposes of the information provided. The consumer must take all responsible steps to protect the data from unauthorised use, reproduction, distribution or publication by other parties.

Please view the 'readme.html' and 'licence.html' file for further, more complete information

Dataset Citation

Geological Survey of Queensland (2012) Queensland geology and structural framework - GIS data July 2012. Bioregional Assessment Source Dataset. Viewed 07 December 2018, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/69da6301-04c1-4993-93c1-4673f3e22762.

Texas Survey System (TXSS) Data for use with GIS mapping software, databases, and web applications are from Caliper Corporation and contain boundaries for Texas RRC Districts, Texas Bay Tracts, and Texas Land Survey Layer.

A free mapping tool that allows you to create a thematic map of London without any specialist GIS skills or software - all you need is Microsoft Excel. Templates are available for London’s Boroughs and Wards. Full instructions are contained within the spreadsheets.

Borough maps

• Map for quantitative data
• Map for categorical data
• Cartogram that uses squares to represent London Boroughs

Ward maps

Pre-2014 boundaries

• Greater London
• Individual Boroughs: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, <a href="https://