To investigate the global incidence of prostate cancer with special attention to the changing age structures. Data regarding the cancer incidence and population statistics were retrieved from the International Agency for Research on Cancer in World Health Organization. Eight developing and developed jurisdictions in Asia and the Western countries were selected for global comparison. Time series were constructed based on the cancer incidence rates from 1988 to 2007. The incidence rate of the population aged ≥ 65 was adjusted by the increasing proportion of elderly population, and was defined as the “aging-adjusted incidence rate”. Cancer incidence and population were then projected to 2030. The aging-adjusted incidence rates of prostate cancer in Asia (Hong Kong, Japan and China) and the developing Western countries (Costa Rica and Croatia) had increased progressively with time. In the developed Western countries (the United States, the United Kingdom and Sweden), we observed initial increases in the aging-adjusted incidence rates of prostate cancer, which then gradually plateaued and even decreased with time. Projections showed that the aging-adjusted incidence rates of prostate cancer in Asia and the developing Western countries were expected to increase in much larger extents than the developed Western countries.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the Global Gynaecological Cancer Drugs Market Size will be USD XX Billion in 2023 and is set to achieve a market size of USD XX Billion by the end of 2031 growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2031.

• The global gynecological cancer drugs market will expand significantly by XX% CAGR between 2024 and 2031. • The cervical cancer type segment accounts for the largest market share and is anticipated to a healthy growth over the approaching years. • The alkylating agent cancer drugs had a market share of about XX% in 2022. • The hospitals sector holds the largest share and is expected to grow in the coming years as well. • chemotherapy treatment is the markets largest contributor and is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of XX% during the projected period. • North america region dominated the market and accounted for the highest revenue of XX% in 2022 and it is projected that it will grow at a CAGR of XX% in the future. Market Dynamics: Gynecological Cancer Drugs

Key Drivers-

Growing awareness about women's health drives the market for gynecological cancer drugs-

Health issues of women are of great importance in society as they directly impact the fabric of family and society. The number of women diagnosed with gynecological cancer is growing, contributing to the increased demand for treatment options. Healthcare providers and patients are more inclined to adopt these gynecological cancer drugs due to their improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Gynecological cancer is any cancer that occurs in a woman’s reproductive organs. The gynecological cancers begin in different places within a woman’s pelvis. There are various initiatives are taken by regions like Asia Pacific, North America, etc. For instance- WHO’s comprehensive global cancer statistics of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) state that almost 70 percent of the global burden falls in areas with lower development and also found that in India more than one-fifth of all new cases [3]. India’s National Cancer Control Program has raised the significance of early detection and treatment. (source:http://waocp.com/journal/index.php/apjcc/article/view/410) For instance- to promote knowledge and awareness of cervical and other gynecologic cancers, the FSM Yap Comprehensive Cancer Control program, funded by CDC’s NCCCP, partnered with the Inside Knowledge campaign to provide educational materials to local medical providers and women and facilitate discussions about these materials. (source:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5697471/) Furthermore, growing awareness and concern about gynecological cancer leads to improved detection and treatment of gynecological cancer, boosting market expansion.

Rising gynecological diseases driving the gynecological drugs market-

Gynecological cancer mainly including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer, seriously affects the health of women worldwide, contributing considerably to the global cancer burden. gynecological and cervical cancers are the most common gynecological cancers affecting women worldwide and in India. The reasons for more women suffering from gynecological Cancer is due to lack of awareness, early marriage, multiple sexual partners, multiple pregnancies, poor genital hygiene of both men and women, inadequate health care facilities, lack of testing facilities in rural areas, smoking, and the like. Additionally, according to WHO, Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, with around 660,000 new cases in 2022. In the same year, about 94% of the 350,000 deaths caused by cervical cancer occurred in low- and middle-income countries. (source:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwkdO0BhDxARIsANkNcre9nq_h0j99DHFaEjjEpFYUAurmQullODEy-s3uNC5zbG1J_DT7fXAaAsq_EALw_wcB) Hence, the increasing gynecological diseases increase the demand for medical-based treatment and boost the market for gynecological drugs.

Restraint-

Side effects of drugs are the major restraint for gynecological cancer drugs-

During gynecological cancer therapy, certain normal cells may be negatively impacted by the medications, resulting in a variety of side effects. As a res...

Research data files supporting the analyses described in the article "Somatic evolution and global expansion of an ancient transmissible cancer lineage" (Baez-Ortega et al., Science 365, eaau9923, 2019, DOI: 10.1126/science.aau9923).

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a serious threat to humans worldwide. In this study, we used bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature to assess the trends and prospects of nanotechnology applications in CRC. We used the Web of Science Core Collection database to screen relevant publications on nanotechnology and CRC from 2004 to 2023 based on the inclusion criteria. Bibliometric analyses were performed on all selected publication and citation data. Visual analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace intuitively reflected the hotspots in this field. In total, 2040 publications on nanotechnology in CRC were identified for this two-decade analysis. China (443, 29.14%) and the USA (199, 13.09%) were the top two most productive countries, and Sichuan University was the most prolific institution. The most influential journal was the International Journal of Nanomedicine. The author with the most papers was Li L. “Nanoparticles,” “drug delivery,” and “CRC” were the most common keywords. Green synthesis and gold nanoparticles were peripheral, incompletely developed topics. This study provides a comprehensive overview of nanomaterials in CRC as clinical medicine, enriching the body of evidence in this field.

The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) data collection is part of a larger effort to build a research community focused on connecting cancer phenotypes to genotypes by providing clinical images matched to subjects from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Clinical, genetic, and pathological data resides in the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) Data Portal while the radiological data is stored on The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA).

Matched TCGA patient identifiers allow researchers to explore the TCGA/TCIA databases for correlations between tissue genotype, radiological phenotype and patient outcomes. Tissues for TCGA were collected from many sites all over the world in order to reach their accrual targets, usually around 500 specimens per cancer type. For this reason the image data sets are also extremely heterogeneous in terms of scanner modalities, manufacturers and acquisition protocols. In most cases the images were acquired as part of routine care and not as part of a controlled research study or clinical trial.

CIP TCGA Radiology Initiative

Imaging Source Site (ISS) Groups are being populated and governed by participants from institutions that have provided imaging data to the archive for a given cancer type. Modeled after TCGA analysis groups, ISS groups are given the opportunity to publish a marker paper for a given cancer type per the guidelines in the table above. This opportunity will generate increased participation in building these multi-institutional data sets as they become an open community resource. Learn more about the TCGA Breast Phenotype Research Group.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global G-protein Coupled Receptor Market size will be XX million by 2033, whereas its compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be XX% from 2025 to 2033. • North America held the largest share of the global G-protein Coupled Receptor market around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2025 to 2033. • Asia Pacific held a market share of around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2025 to 2033. • Europe accounted for a share of over XX% of the global market size of USD XX million. • The Latin American market is around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2025 to 2033. • Middle East and Africa held the major market of around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2025 to 2033.

Market Dynamics of the G-protein Coupled Receptor Market

Key Drivers of the G-protein Coupled Receptor Market

Emerging approach for GPCR drug discovery are driving the growth of G-Protein Coupled Receptor market

Structure-based drug Design (SBDD) leverages high-resolution structural data of GPCRs to design and optimize ligands with improved selectivity, efficacy, and safety. Recent advances in structural biology, particularly cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallography, have revolutionized GPCR-targeted drug discovery. For instance, in February 2024, Nature Reviews Endocrinology published a comprehensive review titled Cryo-electron Microscopy for GPCR Research and Drug Discovery in Endocrinology and Metabolism. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-024-00957-1 This article explores the revolutionary role of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) in the progress of understanding GPCRs, especially in endocrinology and metabolic diseases. The review highlights the promise of combining cryo-EM with other biophysical and computational methods to further understand GPCR functions. Such multidisciplinary strategies are expected to speed up the discovery of novel treatments for endocrine and metabolic diseases. Therefore, emerging approach for GPCR drug discovery are driving the growth of G-Protein Coupled Receptor market.

Growing Burden of Chronic Diseases will boost G-Protein Coupled Receptor market growth

The rising incidence of chronic diseases globally has generated an immediate demand for innovative therapeutic interventions, with cancer and cardiovascular diseases at the forefront of mortality and morbidity burden. Based on the American Cancer Society's 2022 projections, nearly 1.9 million new cases of cancer were anticipated to be diagnosed in the United States alone, with 609,360 cancer-related deaths anticipated for the same year. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics This considerable burden of disease has amplified the imperative for creating innovative therapeutic strategies, specifically those affecting GPCRs, which have demonstrated promising trends in multiple therapy modalities. The burden of chronic diseases spills over beyond the case of cancer, involving all manner of lengthy disease conditions with innovative treatment considerations. In Canada, recent numbers project that near two out of five Canadians are diagnosed with cancer during their lifetimes, where one out of four dies due to the condition. https://cancer.ca/en/research/cancer-statistics This expanding disease burden has spurred GPCR-targeting drug research, especially through the creation of designer receptors that activate exclusively by designer drugs (DREADDs), which hold significant promise for developing new therapeutic interventions. The increasing incidence of such chronic conditions, along with their complexity, remains a driving force behind innovation in GPCR-based therapeutic strategies and makes them a necessary priority area for contemporary drug development. Thus, increasing number of chronic diseases will increase the growth of g-protein coupled receptor market. Excessive expense associated with GPCR drug discovery is creating significant challeng...

The 1-to 5-year survival rates of lung cancer patients.

The following 3 datasets consist of cancer incidence and mortality data for males and females and government healthcare expenses for 9 rich countries and 9 moderate countries. This dataset was taken from "International Agency for Research on Cancer" and "Global Health Expenditure Database" by WHO.

BackgroundThe incidence of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer ranked ninth, sixth, and third in male cancers respectively, meanwhile, the incidence of testicular cancer also increased gradually in the past 30 years.ObjectiveTo study and present estimates of the incidence, mortality, and disability of kidney, bladder, prostate, and testicular cancer by location and age from 1990 to 2019 and reveal the mortality risk factors of them.MaterialsThe Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 was used to obtain data for this research. The prediction of cancer mortality and incidence was based on mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). The MIR data was processed by logistic regression and adjusted by Gaussian process regression. The association between the socio-demographic index and the incidence or disease burden was determined by Spearman's rank order correlation.ResultsGlobally in 2019, there were 371,700 kidney cancer cases with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 4.6 per 100,000, 524,300 bladder cancer cases, with an ASIR of 6.5 per 100,000, 1,410,500 prostate cancer cases with an ASIR of 4.6 per 100,000 and 109,300 testicular cancer incident cases with an ASIR of 1.4 per 100,000, the ASIR of these four cancers increased by 29.1, 4, 22, and 45.5% respectively. The incidence rate of the four cancers and the burden of kidney cancer were positively correlated with the socio-demographic index (SDI), regions with a higher SDI faced more of a burden attributable to these four cancers. High body-mass index has surpassed smoking to be the leading risk factor in the past thirty years for kidney cancer mortality. Smoking remained the leading risk factor for cancer-related mortality for bladder cancer and prostate cancer and the only risk factor for prostate cancer. However, the contribution of high fasting plasma glucose to bladder cancer mortality has been increasing.ConclusionThe incidence of bladder, kidney, prostate, and testicular cancer is ever-increasing. High-income regions face a greater burden attributable to the four cancers. In addition to smoking, metabolic risk factors may need more attention.

Adherence Score (Range 0–5) by Country and Selected Socio-Demographic Characteristics, World Health Survey.

Cell lines are used in life science research worldwide as biological surrogates. All cell lines are subject to major limitations when used as research tools, including (i) cross-contamination with other cells cultured in the same laboratory environment and (ii) evolution in vitro that renders a given cell line inappropriate as a surrogate for a specific biological hypothesis. There is ample evidence that cross-contamination or phenotypic drift of cells in culture can generate irreproducible or misleading data. A small number of scientific journals—the International Journal of Cancer being at the forefront—and funding agencies have recently moved forward to ask for obligatory cell line authentication data. The history of implementing such rules by the International Journal of Cancer exemplifies the difficulties encountered when installing mandatory quality measures in life sciences.

IntroductionBreast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, accounting for 2.3 million new cases in 2020 and ranking as the most prevalent cancer by incidence and the fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide. In China, breast cancer also rapidly increases incidence and burden. The research of exosomes in breast cancer has attracted more and more attention and has a rapid development. Recognizing the pivotal role of exosomes in breast cancer research, we have undertaken a comprehensive scientometric analysis of pertinent scholarly articles published over the past decade to elucidate the current research landscape for researchers.MethodsIn this study, we gathered all pertinent publications from the Web of Science. Biblioshiny (a web interface for Bibliometrix), VOSviewer software, and CiteSpace software were used to analyze the information on publications, including global trends, countries, institutions, journals, authors, keywords, and citations.ResultsA total of 1,239 articles and 625 review articles were retrieved. The annual global publication output has an increased trend in recent decades overall. China contributed the most articles. The publications of the USA had the most total link strength. Nanjing Medical University had the most total link strength. The most relevant source was the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Tang JH contributed the most articles and had the highest H-index, G-index, and total link strength. The most cited document was “Tumor exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis”, with 2730 citations. The basic themes included “exosomes”, “expression”, “cells”, “identification”, “biomarkers”, and “serum”. The keyword “membrane vesicle” had the strongest bursts. The keywords “target”, “biology”, “suppressor cell”, “molecular mechanism”, “tumor progression”, “inhibitor”, and “model” appeared as prominent focal points in current research and active areas of exploration.ConclusionOver the past decade, exosome research in breast cancer has undergone a discernible evolution, shifting from broader investigations of exosome roles to focused exploration of specific pathways relevant to breast cancer. Notably, the emphasis has extended to the clinical application of exosomes as biomarkers and potential therapeutic agents in breast cancer treatment.

Background: Information on patient’s death is a major outcome of health-related research, but it is not always available in claim-based databases. Herein, we suggested the operational definition of death as an optimal indicator of real death and aim to examine its validity and application in patients with cancer.Materials and methods: Data of newly diagnosed patients with cancer between 2006 and 2015 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service—National Sample Cohort data were used. Death indicators were operationally defined as follows: 1) in-hospital death (the result of treatment or disease diagnosis code from claims data), or 2) case wherein there are no claims within 365 days of the last claim. We estimated true-positive rates (TPR) and false-positive rates (FPR) for real death and operational definition of death in patients with high-, middle-, and low-mortality cancers. Kaplan−Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were conducted to determine whether real death and operational definition of death rates were consistent.Results: A total of 40,970 patients with cancer were recruited for this study. Among them, 12,604 patients were officially reported as dead. These patients were stratified into high- (lung, liver, and pancreatic), middle- (stomach, skin, and kidney), and low- (thyroid) mortality groups consisting of 6,626 (death: 4,287), 7,282 (1,858), and 6,316 (93) patients, respectively. The TPR was 97.08% and the FPR was 0.98% in the high mortality group. In the case of the middle and low mortality groups, the TPR (FPR) was 95.86% (1.77%) and 97.85% (0.58%), respectively. The overall TPR and FPR were 96.68 and 1.27%. There was no significant difference between the real and operational definition of death in the log-rank test for all types of cancers except for thyroid cancer.Conclusion: Defining deaths operationally using in-hospital death data and periods after the last claim is a robust alternative to identifying mortality in patients with cancer. This optimal indicator of death will promote research using claim-based data lacking death information.

Supplementary Data 1 from Integrating Global Gene Expression and Radiation Survival Parameters across the 60 Cell Lines of the National Cancer Institute Anticancer Drug Screen

BackgroundThere is a lack of in-depth analysis regarding the disease burden of childhood cancer in China. Indeed, this is the first time the topic has been addressed in detail. Drawing on population-based data for the past 30 years, this study systematically analyzes the composition and long-term trend of this disease burden in China.MethodsGBD 2019 contained population-based data from 1990 to 2019 and was prepared using Microsoft Excel 2016. We used AAPC and ARIMA models for trend analysis and prediction formulation.ResultsIn 2019, there were 45,601 new cases, 9,156 cancer deaths, and 782,530 DALYs in China. From 1990 to 2019, leukemia, together with brain and CNS cancer, invariably ranked highest in terms of new cases, cancer deaths, and DALYs. Leukemia accounted for more than 50%, but decreased over time. By contrast, the proportions for brain and CNS cancer increased. There were significant decreases in the overall incidence, mortality, and DALY rates in China, but these were still higher than the corresponding global average levels. Considering all types of childhood cancer, the incidence rate of testicular cancer showed the biggest increase, and the mortality and DALY rates of leukemia showed the largest decrease. In terms of different age groups, the overall incidence rate of childhood cancers increased in 0 to 4 age group, but it decreased in 5 to 14 age groups. The overall mortality and DALY rates of childhood cancers decreased in all four age groups. Over the next 10 years, the overall incidence rate of childhood cancer will increase, but the overall mortality and DALY rates will decrease. The increase in malignant skin melanoma will comprise the largest rise in the incidence, while the decrease for leukemia will be the largest fall in the incidence, cancer deaths, and DALYs.ConclusionThe disease burden of all childhood cancers in China remains highly serious, especially for certain types of cancer and certain age groups. China should focus more emphatically on the incidence of childhood cancer in future, and it must consistently strengthen investment in the relevant research and medical resources to reduce the disease burden in this field.

Background: The role of real-world evidence (RWE) in the development of anticancer therapies has been gradually growing over time. Regulators, payers and health technology assessment agencies, spurred by the rise of the precision medicine model, are increasingly incorporating RWE into their decision-making regarding the authorization and reimbursement of novel antineoplastic treatments. However, it remains unclear how this trend is viewed by clinicians in the field. This study aimed to investigate the opinions of these stakeholders with respect to RWE and its suitability for informing regulatory, reimbursement-related and clinical decisions in oncology.Methods: An online survey was disseminated to clinicians belonging to the network of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer between May and July 2021.Results: In total, 557 clinicians across 30 different countries participated in the survey, representing 13 distinct cancer domains. Despite seeing the methodological challenges associated with its interpretation as difficult to overcome, the respondents mostly (75.0%) perceived RWE positively, and believed such evidence could be relatively strong, depending on the designs and data sources of the studies from which it is produced. Few (4.6%) saw a future expansion of its influence on decision-makers as a negative evolution. Furthermore, nearly all (94.0%) participants were open to the idea of sharing anonymized or pseudonymized electronic health data of their patients with external parties for research purposes. Nevertheless, most clinicians (77.0%) still considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to be the gold standard for generating clinical evidence in oncology, and a plurality (49.2%) thought that RWE cannot fully address the knowledge gaps that remain after a new antitumor intervention has entered the market. Moreover, a majority of respondents (50.7%) expressed that they relied more heavily on RCT-derived evidence than on RWE for their own decision-making.Conclusion: While cancer clinicians have positive opinions about RWE and want to contribute to its generation, they also continue to hold RCTs in high regard as sources of actionable evidence.

IntroductionIn 2018, The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) published ten evidence-based Cancer Prevention Recommendations designed to reduce the risk of cancer via improved lifestyle behaviours. In 2019, Shams-White and colleagues created the “2018 WCRF/AICR Score” which aimed to standardise how adherence to these recommendations is assessed. The standardised scoring system includes seven of the recommendations concerning weight, physical activity and diet, with an optional eighth recommendation on breastfeeding. To promote transparency and reproducibility, the present paper describes the methodology for operationalisation of the standardised scoring system in the UK Biobank.MethodsUK Biobank recruited >500,000 individuals aged 37–73 years, between 2006 and 2010. In 2021, we held a workshop with experts which aimed to reach consensus on how to operationalise the scoring system using data available within UK Biobank. We used data on anthropometric measurements, physical activity and diet to calculate adherence scores. 24 h dietary assessment data were used to measure adherence to the following recommendations: “Eat a diet rich in wholegrains, vegetables, fruit, and beans”, “Limit consumption of “fast foods” and other processed foods high in fat, starches or sugars” and “Limit consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks”; food frequency questionnaire data were used to assess adherence to “Limit consumption of red and processed meat” and “Limit alcohol consumption”. Participants were allocated points for meeting, partially meeting or not meeting each recommendation, using cut-offs defined in the standardised scoring system.ResultsAt our workshop, discussions included the use of national guidelines to assess adherence to the recommendation on alcohol consumption, as well as challenges faced including defining the adapted ultra-processed food variables. A total score was calculated for 158,415 participants (mean 3.9 points, range 0–7 points). We also describe the methodology to derive a partial 5-point adherence score using data from the food frequency questionnaire in 314,616 participants.ConclusionWe describe the methodology used to estimate adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations for participants in the UK Biobank, including some of the challenges faced operationalising the standardised scoring system.

Statistical analysis (DEqMS) of proteins, EwS vs SuperMix

Immunosenescence refers to the gradual decline in immune system function with age, increasing susceptibility to infections and cancer in the elderly. The advent of novel immunotherapies has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment. However, the majority of patients exhibit poor re-sponses to immunotherapy, with immunosenescence likely playing a significant role. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the interplay between immunosenescence and immunotherapy. Our research aims to explore the prospects and development trends in the field of immunosenescence and immunotherapy using a bibliometric analysis. Relevant articles were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) (retrieved on July 20, 2024). Primary bibliometric characteristics were analyzed using the R package “Biblio-metrix,” and keyword co-occurrence analysis and visualization were conducted using VOSviewer. A total of 213 English-language original research and review articles spanning 35 years were re-trieved for bibliometric analysis. There was a surge in publications in this field starting in 2017. The United States and China contributed the most articles. Frontiers in Immunology was the most productive journal, while the University of California System was the highest contributing institution. Besse Benjamin from France emerged as the most influential researcher in this field. Popular keywords included “nivolumab,” “T cells,” “dendritic cells,” and “regulatory T cells.” The “immunosenescence-associated secretory phenotype” has become a new hotspot, with immune checkpoint inhibitors remaining a central theme in this domain. The field of immunosenescence and immunotherapy is entering a phase of rapid development and will continue to hold significant value in future research.

¶Model 1 adjusted for age, education, marital status, overall health and country. Model 2 adjusted for age, education, marital status, overall health, household SES and country. Model 3 adjusted for age, education, marital status, overall health, regional setting and country level % of GDP spent on health.