Ireland IE: Balance of Payment: Current Account Balance: as % of GDP: Single Hit Scenario data was reported at -25.786 % in Dec 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of -25.958 % for Sep 2021. Ireland IE: Balance of Payment: Current Account Balance: as % of GDP: Single Hit Scenario data is updated quarterly, averaging -0.631 % from Mar 1990 (Median) to Dec 2021, with 128 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.456 % in Dec 2017 and a record low of -38.125 % in Jun 2017. Ireland IE: Balance of Payment: Current Account Balance: as % of GDP: Single Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.EO: Balance of Payments: Current Account: Forecast: OECD Member: Quarterly. CBGDPR-Current account balance, as a percentage of GDP Sixth Edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6):https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/bop/2007/bopman6.htm OECD Economic Outlook, Database Inventory:https://www.oecd.org/eco/outlook/Database_Inventory.pdf

The Economic Indicator Service (EIS) aims to deliver economic content to financial institutions on both buy and sell-side and service providers. This new service currently covers 34,351 recurring macro-economic indicators from 135 countries ( as of December 16, 2019 ) such as GDP data, unemployment releases, PMI numbers etc.

Economic Indicator Service gathers the major economic events from a variety of regions and countries around the globe and provides an Economic Events Data feed and Economic Calendar service to our clients. This service includes all previous historic data on economic indicators that are currently available on the database.

Depending on availability, information regarding economic indicators, including the details of the issuing agency as well as historical data series can be made accessible for the client. Key information about EIS: • Cloud-based service for Live Calendar – delivered via HTML/JavaScript application formats, which can then be embedded onto any website using iFrames • Alternatives methods available – such as API and JSON feed for the economic calendar that can be integrated into the company’s system • Live data – updated 24/5, immediately after the data has been released • Historical data – includes a feed of all previous economic indicators available We are currently adding additional indicators/countries from Africa as well as expanding our coverage of Indicators in G20. The calendar includes the following. • Recurring & Non-recurring indicators covering 136 countries across 21 regions. • Indicators showing high, medium, and low impact data. • Indicators showing actual, previous, and forecast data. • Indicators can be filtered across 16 subtypes. • News generation for selected high-impact data. • Indicator description and historical data up to the latest eight historical points with a chart.

Argentina AR: GDP: Growth: Volume: Imports of Goods and Services: Single Hit Scenario data was reported at 4.397 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of -11.558 % for 2020. Argentina AR: GDP: Growth: Volume: Imports of Goods and Services: Single Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 5.268 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 40.122 % in 2004 and a record low of -50.060 % in 2002. Argentina AR: GDP: Growth: Volume: Imports of Goods and Services: Single Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Argentina – Table AR.OECD.EO: GDP: Growth and Contribution to Growth: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. MGSV_ANNPCT - Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis). Percentage change compared to the previous period. Quarterly growth expressed at annual rate.

Luxembourg LU: GDP: Deflator: Imports of Goods and Services: USD data was reported at 1.204 Index, 2010 in Dec 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.200 Index, 2010 for Sep 2023. Luxembourg LU: GDP: Deflator: Imports of Goods and Services: USD data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.545 Index, 2010 from Mar 1960 (Median) to Dec 2023, with 256 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.246 Index, 2010 in Dec 2021 and a record low of 0.076 Index, 2010 in Dec 1962. Luxembourg LU: GDP: Deflator: Imports of Goods and Services: USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.OECD.EO: GDP: Deflator: Forecast: OECD Member: Quarterly. PMGSD - Imports of goods and services in USD, deflator (national accounts basis)Index, OECD reference year OECD calculation, see OECD Economic Outlook database documentation

Description: This dataset contains historical economic data spanning from 1871 to 2024, used in Jaouad Karfali’s research on Economic Cycle Analysis with Numerical Time Cycles. The study aims to improve economic forecasting accuracy through the 9-year cycle model, which demonstrates superior predictive capabilities compared to traditional economic indicators.

Dataset Contents: The dataset includes a comprehensive range of economic indicators used in the research, such as:

USGDP_1871-2024.csv – U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data. USCPI_cleaned.csv – U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI), cleaned and processed. USWAGE_1871-2024.csv – U.S. average wages data. EXCHANGEGLOBAL_cleaned.csv – Global exchange rates for the U.S. dollar. EXCHANGEPOUND_cleaned.csv – U.S. dollar to British pound exchange rates. INTERESTRATE_1871-2024.csv – U.S. interest rate data. UNRATE.csv – U.S. unemployment rate statistics. POPTOTUSA647NWDB.csv – U.S. total population data. Significance of the Data: This dataset serves as a foundation for a robust economic analysis of the U.S. economy over multiple decades. It was instrumental in testing the 9-year economic cycle model, which demonstrated an 85% accuracy rate in economic forecasting when compared to traditional models such as ARIMA and VAR.

Applications:

Economic Forecasting: Predicts a 1.5% decline in GDP in 2025, followed by a gradual recovery between 2026-2034. Economic Stability Analysis: Used for comparing forecasts with estimates from institutions like the IMF and World Bank. Academic and Institutional Research: Supports studies in economic cycles and long-term forecasting. Source & Further Information: For more details on the methodology and research findings, refer to the full paper published on SSRN:

https://ssrn.com/author=7429208 https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9626-7289

• Jaouad Karfali

Japan JP: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Financial Assets: Double Hit Scenario data was reported at 99.366 % in 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 99.366 % for 2020. Japan JP: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Financial Assets: Double Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 64.140 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2021, with 52 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.366 % in 2021 and a record low of 23.410 % in 1970. Japan JP: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Financial Assets: Double Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.EO: Government Accounts: % of GDP: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. GFAR-General government gross financial assets, as a percentage of GDP System of National Accounts 2008:https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/sna2008.pdf European system of accounts ESA2010:https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5925693/KS-02-13-269-EN.PDF/44cd9d01-bc64-40e5-bd40-d17df0c69334 Understanding Financial Accounts:https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264281288-en

Slovakia SK: GDP: Growth: Volume: Double Hit Scenario data was reported at 6.117 % in Dec 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.706 % for Sep 2021. Slovakia SK: GDP: Growth: Volume: Double Hit Scenario data is updated quarterly, averaging 4.111 % from Jun 1992 (Median) to Dec 2021, with 119 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33.287 % in Dec 1998 and a record low of -35.810 % in Jun 2020. Slovakia SK: GDP: Growth: Volume: Double Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovakia – Table SK.OECD.EO: GDP: Growth and Contribution to Growth: Forecast: OECD Member: Quarterly. GDPV_ANNPCT - Gross domestic product, volume, growth Expenditure approach. Percentage change compared to the previous period. Quarterly growth expressed at annual rate.

Ireland IE: GDP: Deflator: Imports of Goods and Services: USD data was reported at 1.031 Index, 2018 in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.038 Index, 2018 for 2022. Ireland IE: GDP: Deflator: Imports of Goods and Services: USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.989 Index, 2018 from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.189 Index, 2018 in 2008 and a record low of 0.692 Index, 2018 in 2001. Ireland IE: GDP: Deflator: Imports of Goods and Services: USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.EO: GDP: Deflator: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. PMGSD - Imports of goods and services in USD, deflator (national accounts basis)Index, OECD reference year OECD calculation, see OECD Economic Outlook database documentation

Poland GDP: Growth: Volume: Final Consumption Expenditure: Private data was reported at 2.625 % in Dec 2026. This stayed constant from the previous number of 2.625 % for Sep 2026. Poland GDP: Growth: Volume: Final Consumption Expenditure: Private data is updated quarterly, averaging 3.854 % from Jun 1990 (Median) to Dec 2026, with 147 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 55.847 % in Sep 2020 and a record low of -37.809 % in Jun 2020. Poland GDP: Growth: Volume: Final Consumption Expenditure: Private data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.EO: GDP: Growth and Contribution to Growth: Forecast: OECD Member: Quarterly. CPV_ANNPCT - Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth. Percentage change compared to the previous period. Quarterly growth expressed at annual rate.

Slovakia SK: GDP: Growth: Volume: Gross Fixed Capital Formation: Double Hit Scenario data was reported at 16.986 % in Dec 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 16.986 % for Sep 2021. Slovakia SK: GDP: Growth: Volume: Gross Fixed Capital Formation: Double Hit Scenario data is updated quarterly, averaging 2.860 % from Jun 1992 (Median) to Dec 2021, with 119 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 141.935 % in Mar 2010 and a record low of -78.619 % in Jun 2020. Slovakia SK: GDP: Growth: Volume: Gross Fixed Capital Formation: Double Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovakia – Table SK.OECD.EO: GDP: Growth and Contribution to Growth: Forecast: OECD Member: Quarterly. ITV_ANNPCT - Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth . Percentage change compared to the previous period. Quarterly growth expressed at annual rate.

Indonesia ID: Average Productive Capital Stocks: Over the Year: Growth data was reported at 4.374 % in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.090 % for 2024. Indonesia ID: Average Productive Capital Stocks: Over the Year: Growth data is updated yearly, averaging 4.306 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2025, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.688 % in 1997 and a record low of 1.911 % in 2000. Indonesia ID: Average Productive Capital Stocks: Over the Year: Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.OECD.EO: GDP: Potential Output and Output Gap: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. KTPV_AV_ANNPCT - Productive capital stock, volume, annual average, growth

Argentina AR: GDP: Growth: Volume: Final Consumption Expenditure: Private: Double Hit Scenario data was reported at 2.076 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of -12.073 % for 2020. Argentina AR: GDP: Growth: Volume: Final Consumption Expenditure: Private: Double Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 3.557 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.188 % in 2010 and a record low of -14.354 % in 2002. Argentina AR: GDP: Growth: Volume: Final Consumption Expenditure: Private: Double Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Argentina – Table AR.OECD.EO: GDP: Growth and Contribution to Growth: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. CPV_ANNPCT - Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth. Percentage change compared to the previous period. Quarterly growth expressed at annual rate.

United States GDP: Deflator: Gross Capital Formation: GFCF: Government: Appropriation Accounts data was reported at 1.321 Index, 2017 in Dec 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.314 Index, 2017 for Sep 2026. United States GDP: Deflator: Gross Capital Formation: GFCF: Government: Appropriation Accounts data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.628 Index, 2017 from Mar 1960 (Median) to Dec 2026, with 268 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.321 Index, 2017 in Dec 2026 and a record low of 0.153 Index, 2017 in Mar 1960. United States GDP: Deflator: Gross Capital Formation: GFCF: Government: Appropriation Accounts data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.OECD.EO: GDP: Deflator: Forecast: OECD Member: Quarterly. PIGAA - General government fixed capital formation, deflator, based on appropriation accountIndex, national reference year

Ukraine NBU Forecast: Export of Goods: YoY: Annual data was reported at 5.700 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.500 % for 2019. Ukraine NBU Forecast: Export of Goods: YoY: Annual data is updated yearly, averaging 6.000 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2020, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.800 % in 2017 and a record low of 4.500 % in 2019. Ukraine NBU Forecast: Export of Goods: YoY: Annual data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bank of Ukraine. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ukraine – Table UA.JA007: Exports: Year on Year Growth: Forecast: National Bank of Ukraine.

Japan JP: GDP: Final Domestic Expenditure data was reported at 659,145.364 JPY bn in Dec 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 655,327.723 JPY bn for Sep 2026. Japan JP: GDP: Final Domestic Expenditure data is updated quarterly, averaging 494,840.553 JPY bn from Mar 1960 (Median) to Dec 2026, with 268 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 659,145.364 JPY bn in Dec 2026 and a record low of 15,202.154 JPY bn in Mar 1960. Japan JP: GDP: Final Domestic Expenditure data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.EO: GDP by Expenditure: Forecast: OECD Member: Quarterly. FDD - Final domestic expenditure, nominal value OECD calculation, see OECD Economic Outlook database documentation

Israel IL: General Government: % of Potential GDP: Underlying Net Lending data was reported at -3.239 Ratio in 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of -3.501 Ratio for 2025. Israel IL: General Government: % of Potential GDP: Underlying Net Lending data is updated yearly, averaging -3.686 Ratio from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2026, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -0.750 Ratio in 2022 and a record low of -8.312 Ratio in 2020. Israel IL: General Government: % of Potential GDP: Underlying Net Lending data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.OECD.EO: Government Accounts: % of Potential GDP: General Government: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. NLGQU - Underlying general government net lending, as a percentage of potential GDP OECD calculation, see OECD Economic Outlook database documentation

Czech Republic CZ: Potential Output of Total Economy data was reported at 8,774.821 CZK bn in 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 8,499.004 CZK bn for 2025. Czech Republic CZ: Potential Output of Total Economy data is updated yearly, averaging 4,046.188 CZK bn from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2026, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,774.821 CZK bn in 2026 and a record low of 1,629.466 CZK bn in 1995. Czech Republic CZ: Potential Output of Total Economy data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.OECD.EO: GDP: Potential Output and Output Gap: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. GDPTR - Potential output, nominal value OECD calculation, see OECD Economic Outlook database documentation

Luxembourg LU: Competitiveness Indicator: Relative Consumer Prices: Overall Weights data was reported at 98.771 2015=100 in Dec 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 98.630 2015=100 for Sep 2025. Luxembourg LU: Competitiveness Indicator: Relative Consumer Prices: Overall Weights data is updated quarterly, averaging 100.741 2015=100 from Mar 1970 (Median) to Dec 2025, with 224 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 112.683 2015=100 in Mar 1978 and a record low of 93.530 2015=100 in Jun 1982. Luxembourg LU: Competitiveness Indicator: Relative Consumer Prices: Overall Weights data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.OECD.EO: Trade Statistics: Competitiveness Indicators In International Trade: Forecast: OECD Member: Quarterly. CPIDR - Indicator of competitiveness based on relative consumer prices Competitiveness-weighted relative consumer prices for the overall economy in dollar terms. .Competitiveness weights take into account the structure of competition in both export and import markets of the goods sector of 53 countries. An increase in the index indicates a real effective appreciation and a corresponding deterioration of the competitive position.Index, OECD reference year OECD calculation, see OECD Economic Outlook database documentation

Consumer Price Index data was reported at 1.340 Index, 2017 in 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.310 Index, 2017 for 2025. Consumer Price Index data is updated yearly, averaging 0.589 Index, 2017 from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2026, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.340 Index, 2017 in 2026 and a record low of 0.121 Index, 2017 in 1960. Consumer Price Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.OECD.EO: Consumer and Wholesale Price Index: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. CPI-Consumer price indexIndex, national reference year

Japan JP: Imports Price Index: Commodity data was reported at 2.229 Index, 2015 in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.208 Index, 2015 for 2024. Japan JP: Imports Price Index: Commodity data is updated yearly, averaging 0.811 Index, 2015 from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2025, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.229 Index, 2015 in 2025 and a record low of 0.341 Index, 2015 in 1994. Japan JP: Imports Price Index: Commodity data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.EO: Exports and Imports Price Index: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. PMNW - Price of commodity importsIndex, OECD reference year OECD calculation, see OECD Economic Outlook database documentation