By the year 2030, it is projected that China will eclipse the United States and have the largest gross domestic product (GDP) in the world, at 31.7 trillion U.S. dollars. The United States is projected to have the second largest GDP, at 22.9 trillion U.S. dollars.

What is gross domestic product?

Gross domestic product, or GDP, is an economic measure of a country’s production in time. It includes all goods and services produced by a country and is used by economists to determine the health of a country’s economy. However, since GDP just shows the size of an economy and is not adjusted for the country’s size, this can make direct country comparisons complicated.

The growth of the global economy

Currently, the United States has the largest GDP in the world, at 20.5 trillion U.S. dollars. China has the second largest GDP, at 13.4 trillion U.S. dollars. In the coming years, production will become faster and more global, which will help to grow the global economy.

In most years since 1980, global GDP growth has been relatively consistent, generally fluctuating between two and five percent growth from year to year. The most notable exceptions to this were during the Great Recession in 2009, and again in 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic, where the global economy actually shrank in both of these years. As the world economy continues to deal with the economic impact of the pandemic, as well as the fallout from Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the future remains uncertain, however current estimates suggest that annual growth will return to steady figures of around 3 percent in 2029.

The statistic shows global gross domestic product (GDP) from 1985 to 2022, with projections up until 2029. In 2020, global GDP amounted to about 85.52 trillion U.S. dollars, two and a half trillion lower than in 2019. Gross domestic product Gross domestic product, also known as GDP, is the accumulated value of all finished goods and services produced in a country, often measured annually. GDP is significant in determining the economic health, growth and productivity in the country, and is a stat often used when comparing several countries at a time, most likely in order to determine which country has seen the most progress. Until 2020, Global GDP had experienced a growth every year since 2010. However, a strong growth rate does not necessarily lead to all positive outcomes and often has a negative effect on inflation rates. A severe growth in GDP leads to lower unemployment, however lower unemployment often leads to higher inflation rates due to demand increasing at a much higher rate than supply and as a result prices rise accordingly. In terms of unemployment, growth had been fairly stagnant since the economic downturn of 2007-2009, but it remains to be seen what the total impact of the coronavirus pandemic will be on total employment.

The average for 2025 based on 184 countries was 3.13 percent. The highest value was in Libya: 17.3 percent and the lowest value was in Equatorial Guinea: -4.2 percent. The indicator is available from 1980 to 2030. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The GDP of the Middle East and Central Asia is forecast to grow faster between 2024 and 2025 than other regions in the world. According to an economic outlook forecast, the GDP in the advanced economies will grow by 1.68 percent in 2029.

According to the source, 5G powered healthcare will contribute over half a trillion U.S. dollars to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030. Overall the five industry use cases studied by the source add 1.3 trillion U.S. dollars to global GDP.

The statistic shows the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in Switzerland from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year. It is considered to be a very important indicator of the economic strength of a country and a change in it is a sign of economic growth. In 2024, the GDP in Switzerland grew by about 1.27 percent compared to the previous year. Switzerland's economy Switzerland holds one of the steadiest and secure economies in the world, enticing international investors as well as the world’s richest to deposit their money within the country. Switzerland’s relatively low population is highly educated and specialized in the workforce, something that essentially leads to a prosperous economy. In addition to its workforce earning some of the highest salaries in the world, Switzerland maintained one of the lowest unemployment rates in the Europe, despite being affected by the 2008 financial crisis. With higher wages and specialized jobs, economic growth as well as production within the country continued to grow, a fact most evident through values of GDP. As a result, Switzerland’s gross domestic product per capita was ranked among one of the highest in the world. However, economic growth did not occur too rapidly and wages were set at a reasonable controllable amount, which allowed Switzerland to maintain a low inflation rate.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the BRICS countries have been considered the five foremost developing economies in the world. Originally, the term BRIC was used by economists when talking about the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, however these countries have held annual summits since 2009, and the group has expanded to include South Africa since 2010. China has the largest GDP of the BRICS country, at 16.86 trillion U.S. dollars in 2021, while the others are all below three trillion. Combined, the BRICS bloc has a GDP over 25.85 trillion U.S. dollars in 2022, which is slightly more than the United States. BRICS economic development China has consistently been the largest economy of this bloc, and its rapid growth has seen it become the second largest economy in the world, behind the U.S.. China's growth has also been much faster than the other BRICS countries; for example, when compared with the second largest BRICS economy, its GDP was less than double the size of Brazil's in 2000, but is almost six times larger than India's in 2021. Since 2000, the country with the second largest GDP has fluctuated between Brazil, Russia, and India, due to a variety of factors, although India has held this position since 2015 (when the other two experienced recession), and it's growth rate is on track to surpass China's in the coming decade. South Africa has consistently had the smallest economy of the BRICS bloc, and it has just the third largest economy in Africa; its inclusion in this group is due to the fact that it is the most advanced and stable major economy in Africa, and it holds strategic importance due to the financial potential of the continent in the coming decades. Future developments It is predicted that China's GDP will overtake that of the U.S. by the end of the 2020s, to become the largest economy in the world, while some also estimate that India will also overtake the U.S. around the middle of the century. Additionally, the BRICS group is more than just an economic or trading bloc, and its New Development Bank was established in 2014 to invest in sustainable infrastructure and renewable energy across the globe. While relations between its members were often strained or of less significance in the 20th century, their current initiatives have given them a much greater international influence. The traditional great powers represented in the Group of Seven (G7) have seen their international power wane in recent decades, while BRICS countries have seen theirs grow, especially on a regional level. Today, the original BRIC countries combine with the Group of Seven (G7), to make up 11 of the world's 12 largest economies, but it is predicted that they will move further up on this list in the coming decades.

The statistic shows the growth rate of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. In 2024, the growth of the real gross domestic product in the United States was around 2.8 percent compared to the previous year. See U.S. GDP per capita and the US GDP for more information. Real gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States The gross domestic product (GDP) of a country is a crucial economic indicator, representing the market value of the total goods and services produced and offered by a country within a year, thus serving as one of the indicators of a country’s economic state. The real GDP of a country is defined as its gross domestic product adjusted for inflation. An international comparison of economic growth rates has ranked the United States alongside other major global economic players such as China and Russia in terms of real GDP growth. With further growth expected during the course of the coming years, as consumer confidence continues to improve, experts predict that the worst is over for the United States economy. A glance at US real GDP figures reveals an overall increase in growth, with sporadic slips into decline; the last recorded decline took place in Q1 2011. All in all, the economy of the United States can be considered ‘well set’, with exports and imports showing positive results. Apart from this fact, the United States remains one of the world’s leading exporting countries, having been surpassed only by China and tailed by Germany. It is also ranked first among the top global importers. Despite this, recent surveys revealing Americans’ assessments of the U.S. economy have yielded less optimistic results. Interestingly enough, this consensus has been mutual across the social and environmental spectrum. On the other hand, GDP is often used as an indicator for the standard of living in a country – and most Americans seem quite happy with theirs.

We developed and presented a set of comparable spatially explicit global gridded gross domestic product (GDP) for both historical period (2005 as representative) and for future projections from 2030 to 2100 at a ten-year interval for all five SSPs. The DMSP-OLS nighttime light (NTL) images and the LandScan Global Population database were used to generate LitPop map, which reduces the limitations of saturation problem of using NTL images alone or the assumption of even GDP per capita within an administrative boundary of gridded data set in GDP disaggregation. We used the LitPop maps to disaggregate national GDP and over 800 provincial gross regional product (GRP, in 2005 PPP USD) across the globe in 2005 and to downscaled to a spatial resolution of 30 arc-seconds (~1 km at equator). National and supranational GDP growth rate projections in 2030-2100 under five SSPs were then downscaled to 1-km grids based on the LitPop approach, which used NPP-VIIRS product as fixed NTL image in 2015 and the population projections of 0.125 arc-degreee (Jones and O'Neill, 2016), which are downscaled to 1-km based on LandScan population distribution pattern in 2015. We then upscaled this gridded GDP dataset to 0.25 arc-degree and provided here.

There are 41 tif files (2005 and 2030 - 2100 at a ten-year interval for five SSPs) for each spatial resolution. The gridded GDP are distributed over land with value of zero filled in the Antarctica, oceans and some desert or wilderness areas (non-illuminated and depopulated zones). The spatial extents are 60S - 90N and 180E - 180W in standard WGS84 coordinate system.

For more details, please refer to the corresponding article: Global gridded GDP data set consistent with the shared socioeconomic pathways by Wang and Sun (2022).

The average for 2025 based on 11 countries was 3.67 percent. The highest value was in India: 6.2 percent and the lowest value was in Thailand: 1.8 percent. The indicator is available from 1980 to 2030. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The projected value of the share of AI contributions to GDP reached its highest in China, potentially contributing to approximately 26.1 percent of its GDP. This was followed by North America which contributed to approximately 14.5 percent of GDP.

This statistic shows the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in Spain from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. Spain's real GDP growth in 2043 was about 3.15 percent compared to the previous year. Spain's recovering economy Spain maintains a relatively important role as a member of the European Union as well as the World Trade Organization. Spain’s economy has been recognized as one of the most paramount in the world, however has been bogged down by multiple crisis’s over the past several years. Economical disasters such as the global financial crisis of 2008 and the euro debt crisis left the Spanish economy with long-term obstacles that the Spanish government has yet to overcome. One of the nation’s main economic struggles resides in unemployment, which was not only considerably high to start the decade but continued to grow to precarious volumes, most notably since 2008. Despite similar economical conflicts in neighboring countries, Spain suffers from one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe, only surpassed by Greece. The Spanish economy prospers from a low import-high export method which was initially implemented after the global financial crisis in order to help the country become more profitable. The country’s exports reached pre-crisis levels and saw continuous growth over the years, to the point that Spain became one of the world’s top exporters. Despite the economic slump due to the crisis, Spain now seems to recover slowly and forecasts are rather optimistic, in 2014, Spain was even among the countries with the largest GDP worldwide.

SO: IMF Forecast: General Government: Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 7.167 % in 2030. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.114 % for 2029. SO: IMF Forecast: General Government: Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 6.706 % from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2030, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.618 % in 2025 and a record low of 1.822 % in 2015. SO: IMF Forecast: General Government: Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Somalia – Table SO.IMF.FM: Government Finance Statistics.

The share in the global GDP adjusted for PPP in Argentina amounts to approximately 0.72 percent in 2025.Fluctuating decline between 1980 and 2025A total decrease by approximately 0.80 percentage points can be observed between 1980 and 2025. The data emphasizes however that this decrease did not happen continuously.Fluctuating rise between 2025 and 2030The share will be around 0.74 percent in 2030, according to forecasts. There is an overall increase by approximately 0.02 percentage points since 2025.This indicator describes the share of a country's gross domestic product in the global gross domestic product. To this end the GDP (indicating the total value of final goods and services produced during a year) has been adjusted for purchasing power parity and set in relation to the purchasing power adjusted global GDP value.

FIN Forecast: Federal Government Revenue: % of GDP: Proceeds from the Pollution Pricing Framework data was reported at 0.600 % in 2030. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.600 % for 2029. FIN Forecast: Federal Government Revenue: % of GDP: Proceeds from the Pollution Pricing Framework data is updated yearly, averaging 0.400 % from Mar 2020 (Median) to 2030, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.600 % in 2030 and a record low of 0.100 % in 2020. FIN Forecast: Federal Government Revenue: % of GDP: Proceeds from the Pollution Pricing Framework data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Finance Canada. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.F003: Government Revenue and Expenditure: Forecast: Department of Finance.

Qatar IMF Forecast: General Government: Balance: % of Potential GDP: Cyclically Adjusted data was reported at 0.681 % in 2030. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.443 % for 2029. Qatar IMF Forecast: General Government: Balance: % of Potential GDP: Cyclically Adjusted data is updated yearly, averaging 0.639 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2030, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.642 % in 2022 and a record low of -7.913 % in 2016. Qatar IMF Forecast: General Government: Balance: % of Potential GDP: Cyclically Adjusted data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Qatar – Table QA.IMF.FM: Government Finance Statistics.

The share in the global GDP adjusted for PPP in Spain stands at approximately 1.36 percent in 2025.Fluctuating decline between 1980 and 2025A comparison to the earliest shown observation from 1980 reveals a total decrease by approximately 1.02 percentage points. The trajectory from 1980 to 2025 shows however that this decrease did not happen continuously.Continuous decline between 2025 and 2030The share will lie at about 1.27 percent in 2030, according to forecasts. From 2025 onwards, there is an overall decrease by approximately 0.09 percentage points. This decrease reflects a consistent falling trend.This indicator describes the share of a country's gross domestic product in the global gross domestic product. To this end the GDP (indicating the total value of final goods and services produced during a year) has been adjusted for purchasing power parity and set in relation to the purchasing power adjusted global GDP value.

This statistic provides a projection of the gross domestic product (GDP) of major megacities worldwide in 2030. As of this time, it is projected that the GDP of Tokyo, Japan, will reach 40 billion U.S. dollars.

IMF Forecast: General Government: Net Debt: % of GDP data was reported at 61.044 % in 2030. This records an increase from the previous number of 60.774 % for 2029. IMF Forecast: General Government: Net Debt: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 64.133 % from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2030, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 149.310 % in 2004 and a record low of 27.831 % in 2018. IMF Forecast: General Government: Net Debt: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saint Kitts and Nevis – Table KN.IMF.FM: Government Finance Statistics.