Global Life And Non-Life Insurance market size is expected to reach $11892.01 billion by 2029 at 4.9%, the role of insurance penetration in advancing life and non-life insurance markets

The Life and Non-Life Insurance Market is segmented by Insurance type (Life, Non-Life and Others) by Distribution Channel (Direct, Agency, Banks, and Others).

Life and Non-Life Insurance Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Life and Non-Life Insurance market size reached USD 6.5 trillion in 2024, registering a robust performance backed by diversified growth factors. The market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 5.8% from 2025 to 2033, propelling the total market value to an estimated USD 11.1 trillion by 2033. This upward trajectory is primarily driven by increased risk awareness post-pandemic, rapid digital transformation, and evolving customer expectations across both mature and emerging economies. As per the latest research, the market’s growth is underpinned by regulatory reforms, product innovations, and expanding distribution networks, particularly in Asia Pacific and North America.

A primary growth driver for the Life and Non-Life Insurance market is the heightened consumer awareness regarding the importance of financial protection and risk mitigation. The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally shifted consumer attitudes, prompting individuals and businesses to prioritize insurance coverage for both life and non-life risks. This shift has spurred demand for comprehensive life insurance products, including term, whole life, and unit-linked policies, as well as non-life offerings like health, property, and casualty insurance. In addition, the rising middle-class population in emerging economies has increased the penetration of insurance products, as more people seek financial security and wealth protection. Governments and regulatory bodies have also played a pivotal role by introducing mandatory insurance schemes and promoting financial literacy, further fueling market expansion.

Another significant factor propelling the Life and Non-Life Insurance market is the rapid adoption of digital technologies across the insurance value chain. Insurtech innovations, such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and blockchain, are transforming product development, underwriting, claims processing, and customer engagement. These advancements have enabled insurers to enhance operational efficiency, reduce fraud, and offer personalized products tailored to individual risk profiles. The proliferation of online distribution channels and mobile applications has democratized access to insurance, especially among younger, tech-savvy consumers. This digital shift is not only reducing acquisition costs but also improving customer retention and satisfaction, thereby driving sustained market growth.

Demographic shifts and evolving lifestyle trends are also reshaping the Life and Non-Life Insurance market. The aging global population, particularly in developed regions, is increasing demand for retirement, annuity, and long-term care insurance products. Meanwhile, urbanization and rising disposable incomes are fueling the need for property and motor insurance in rapidly developing markets. The growing gig economy and flexible work arrangements are leading to the emergence of new insurance needs, such as income protection and cyber liability coverage. Insurers are responding with innovative solutions and flexible policies that cater to these changing demands. The convergence of traditional and digital business models is creating a highly competitive landscape, encouraging continuous innovation and customer-centricity.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific stands out as the fastest-growing market, driven by economic growth, urbanization, and supportive regulatory frameworks. North America and Europe continue to dominate the Life and Non-Life Insurance market in terms of market share, owing to high insurance penetration and established distribution networks. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging as lucrative markets, supported by rising awareness, favorable demographics, and government initiatives to increase insurance inclusion. Regional disparities in insurance penetration, regulatory environments, and consumer behavior necessitate tailored strategies for market players to capture growth opportunities and address unique challenges across different geographies.

In 2023, the global insurance industry wrote life premiums worth approximately *** trillion U.S. dollars, and non-life premiums to the value of around *** trillion U.S. dollars.

In 2023, insurance penetration was highest in the South Africa where the value of insurance premiums accounted for almost ** percent of GDP. Insurance penetration is used as an indicator of insurance sector development within a country and is calculated as the ratio of total insurance premiums to gross domestic product in a given year. In 2023, the insurance penetration in United States equaled **** percent of its GDP. Thus, the value of insurance premiums written in United States in that year equaled more than one **th of its GDP. Auto insurance leads the U.S. P&C marketIn 2023, private passenger auto insurance held the largest share of net premiums written by property and casualty insurance companies in the United States. Additionally, commercial auto insurance also accounted for a significant portion of net premiums. Combined, these two insurance lines made up about ** percent of the property and casualty insurance market.United States' life insurance market Households often rely on life insurance to ensure financial stability for dependents and to cover obligations like debts, mortgages, and education costs. The number of life insurance companies in the United States has remained steady over the past five years. The United States' population has been gradually climbing during this time, which means that the number of potential insurance customers has also been increasing.

Non-Life Insurance Market Outlook

The global non-life insurance market size was valued at approximately USD $2.5 trillion in 2023 and is expected to reach USD $4.2 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6% during the forecast period. The market's growth is predominantly driven by the increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters, which have heightened awareness regarding the need for insurance coverage. Additionally, the rapid pace of urbanization and the rise in global GDP have significantly boosted the demand for non-life insurance products.

One major growth factor for the non-life insurance market is the advancement in technology, which has revolutionized the industry. Insurers are leveraging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain to enhance customer experience, streamline claim processes, and reduce fraudulent activities. The digital transformation in the insurance sector has led to the development of innovative products and services, making insurance more accessible and affordable for a broader customer base. Furthermore, the use of data analytics allows insurers to better assess risks and tailor policies to meet the specific needs of clients, thereby increasing market penetration.

Another key driver of market growth is the global economic development and the rise in disposable incomes, especially in emerging economies. As people become more affluent, their propensity to purchase insurance products increases. This trend is particularly noticeable in regions such as Asia Pacific and Latin America, where the middle class is expanding rapidly. The growing awareness about the importance of financial protection against unforeseen events, such as accidents, illnesses, and natural disasters, has further fueled the demand for non-life insurance products.

Regulatory changes and government initiatives also play a crucial role in the expansion of the non-life insurance market. Governments worldwide are implementing policies to encourage insurance uptake among citizens. For instance, mandatory insurance requirements for vehicles and properties in many countries have significantly boosted the market. Additionally, tax incentives and subsidies provided by governments to promote insurance coverage are helping to increase the adoption of non-life insurance products. This regulatory support is expected to continue driving market growth over the forecast period.

The regional outlook for the non-life insurance market shows significant variation across different parts of the world. North America and Europe have traditionally been the dominant markets, owing to their well-established insurance industries and high levels of awareness among the populace. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by rapid economic development, urbanization, and increasing insurance penetration. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa regions are also projected to experience substantial growth due to improving economic conditions and rising awareness about insurance benefits.

Product Type Analysis

The non-life insurance market is segmented into various product types, including motor insurance, property insurance, liability insurance, marine insurance, aviation insurance, and others. Motor insurance is the largest segment, accounting for a significant share of the market. This is primarily due to the increasing number of vehicles on the road and the mandatory nature of motor insurance in many countries. The rise in road accidents and the growing awareness about the importance of motor insurance are further driving the demand for this segment. Insurers are continuously introducing new motor insurance products, such as telematics-based policies, which offer personalized premiums based on driving behavior, thereby attracting more customers.

Property insurance is another major segment within the non-life insurance market. This segment includes coverage for residential, commercial, and industrial properties against risks such as fire, theft, and natural disasters. The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods, have heightened the demand for property insurance. Additionally, the growth in real estate development and the rise in property values have contributed to the expansion of this segment. Insurers are leveraging advanced technologies, such as satellite imagery and data analytics, to assess risks accurately and offer tailored property insurance solutions to customers.

The Sweden Life and Non-Life Insurance Market is Segmented by Product Type (Life Insurance (Life and Annuity, Unit-Linked and More), Non-Life (Motor, Property, Liability, Travel and More)), Distribution Channel (Direct, Brokers and Agents, Bancassurance and More), End Users (Individuals, Sme's and More), Premium Type (Single, Regular), and Geography. The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

Global Life and Non-Life Insurance Market was valued at USD 8214.1 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 5.1% through 2029.

Life and Non-life Insurance Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Life and Non-life Insurance market size reached USD 6.5 trillion in 2024, reflecting a resilient expansion across both mature and emerging economies. The industry demonstrated a robust CAGR of 5.8% over the past five years, driven by evolving consumer needs, regulatory shifts, and rapid digitalization. With these growth dynamics, the market is forecasted to attain USD 10.9 trillion by 2033, underscoring the sector's adaptability and its vital role in global financial stability. This continued growth is underpinned by rising risk awareness, increasing disposable incomes, and the proliferation of innovative insurance products tailored to diverse customer segments.

The primary growth driver for the Life and Non-life Insurance market is the heightened awareness of risk management among both individuals and businesses. As global uncertainties such as health pandemics, natural disasters, and economic volatility persist, there is an increasing recognition of the importance of comprehensive insurance coverage. Life insurance products are witnessing sustained demand due to demographic trends such as aging populations in developed markets and a burgeoning middle class in emerging economies. Non-life insurance, encompassing health, property, casualty, and auto insurance, is also experiencing significant traction as urbanization and asset ownership rise worldwide. Furthermore, regulatory reforms aimed at enhancing consumer protection and market transparency are fostering greater trust and participation in insurance markets.

Technological advancements are significantly shaping the trajectory of the Life and Non-life Insurance market. The adoption of digital platforms, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics is transforming the insurance value chain, from product development and underwriting to claims management and customer engagement. Insurtech innovations are enabling insurers to offer more personalized and flexible products, streamline operations, and improve risk assessment capabilities. The proliferation of online distribution channels and mobile applications has made insurance more accessible, particularly in underpenetrated markets. Moreover, the integration of telematics in auto insurance and wearable devices in health insurance is enhancing the accuracy of risk profiling, leading to more competitive pricing and improved customer experience.

The evolving regulatory landscape is another critical factor influencing market growth. Governments and regulatory bodies across regions are implementing stringent solvency and capital requirements to ensure the financial soundness of insurers. These measures are promoting market consolidation, encouraging the entry of well-capitalized players, and driving innovation in product design and distribution. Additionally, the harmonization of cross-border insurance regulations is facilitating the expansion of multinational insurers and fostering greater competition. However, compliance with evolving regulatory standards necessitates significant investments in technology and talent, which may pose challenges for smaller players. Ultimately, the regulatory environment is shaping a more resilient, transparent, and customer-centric insurance market.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific market is emerging as a powerhouse in the global Life and Non-life Insurance sector, accounting for a substantial share of new business premiums. Rapid economic growth, urbanization, and digital adoption are fueling demand for both life and non-life insurance products in countries such as China, India, and Southeast Asian nations. North America and Europe continue to dominate in terms of market size and product innovation, driven by mature insurance ecosystems and high penetration rates. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing steady growth, supported by regulatory reforms and increasing awareness of insurance benefits. The diverse regional dynamics underscore the need for insurers to adopt tailored strategies to capitalize on growth opportunities and address unique market challenges.

Global Non-Life Insurance is segmented by Application (Home insurance, Auto insurance, Health, Life, Property), Type (Property & Casualty, Health, Motor, Travel, Marine) and Geography(North America, LATAM, West Europe, Central & Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Oceania, MEA)

The statistic presents the value of gross premiums written by non-life insurance companies in the United States from 2009 to 2013 and a forecast thereof until 2025, by type. The value of accident and health insurance sector in the United States amounted to approximately 5.77 billion U.S. dollars in 2013 and it was projected to grow to approximately 10.02 billion U.S. dollars in 2025.

The global non-life insurance market is experiencing robust growth, driven by factors such as increasing urbanization, rising disposable incomes, heightened awareness of risk, and the expanding adoption of digital insurance platforms. The market's compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is estimated to be around 6-8% between 2025 and 2033, indicating substantial future expansion. This growth is propelled by several key segments. Motor insurance remains a dominant force, consistently contributing the largest share to overall market revenue, fueled by the increasing vehicle ownership globally. However, other segments like travel insurance and commercial insurance are exhibiting significant growth potential, driven by increasing travel frequency and the expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The shift toward digital distribution channels also significantly impacts market dynamics, allowing insurers to reach broader customer bases efficiently and cost-effectively. While regulatory changes and economic fluctuations pose potential challenges, the overall market outlook remains positive. Geographically, North America and Europe currently hold the largest market shares, reflecting high insurance penetration rates and established insurance infrastructure. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness the most substantial growth in the coming years, driven by rapid economic expansion, increasing middle-class populations, and rising demand for insurance products in emerging markets like India and China. Competition among major players, including established multinational insurers like Allianz, AXA, and Berkshire Hathaway, as well as regional and local insurers, remains intense. Insurers are constantly innovating to meet evolving customer needs and enhance their product offerings, leveraging technological advancements in areas like artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics to improve risk assessment, underwriting processes, and customer service. This competitive landscape pushes continuous improvement and innovation within the industry.

Life And Non-Life Insurance Market Outlook

The global life and non-life insurance market size was valued at approximately $6.5 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $10.8 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6%. This robust growth is driven by factors such as increasing awareness about insurance products, rising disposable incomes, and the robust expansion of digital insurance platforms. The market landscape is undergoing significant transformation as insurers adopt advanced technologies to streamline operations and offer customer-centric solutions.

One of the primary growth factors fueling the life and non-life insurance market is the rising awareness and understanding of the importance of financial security and risk management among individuals and businesses. With the global economy experiencing uncertainties, more people are inclined towards securing their financial future through insurance products. Additionally, the rising penetration of the internet and mobile technologies has enabled insurers to reach a broader audience, thereby expanding their customer base. The increased accessibility to information and ease of purchasing policies online have significantly contributed to market growth.

Another critical driver is the surge in disposable income, particularly in emerging economies. As personal incomes rise, there is a higher propensity to invest in insurance products to safeguard against unforeseen events. This trend is particularly notable in the Asia Pacific region, where economic growth and urbanization have resulted in a burgeoning middle class. This demographic shift has led to an increased demand for both life and non-life insurance products, including health, property, and casualty insurance. Moreover, favorable government policies and tax benefits associated with insurance products are encouraging more individuals to opt for insurance coverage.

The adoption of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and blockchain is revolutionizing the insurance industry. These technologies are enabling insurers to offer personalized products, enhance customer engagement, and streamline claim processing. For instance, AI-powered chatbots are providing round-the-clock customer support, while big data analytics is helping insurers to assess risks more accurately and offer tailored solutions. This technological adoption is not only improving operational efficiency but also enhancing customer satisfaction, thereby driving market growth.

Non-Life Bancassurance is emerging as a pivotal component in the insurance distribution landscape. This model, which involves collaboration between banks and insurance companies, allows insurers to leverage the extensive customer base and distribution networks of banks. It provides a convenient platform for customers to purchase insurance products alongside their banking services, enhancing customer experience and accessibility. The synergy between banks and insurers not only broadens the reach of insurance products but also fosters trust among customers, as they can access these services through familiar banking institutions. This approach is particularly beneficial in regions with high banking penetration, offering a seamless integration of financial services and insurance solutions.

Regionally, the life and non-life insurance market exhibits diverse growth patterns. North America, with its mature insurance market, continues to hold a significant share due to high awareness levels, robust regulatory frameworks, and the presence of leading insurance companies. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to the rapid economic development, increasing urbanization, and the growing middle-class population in countries like China and India. Europe also shows steady growth, driven by regulatory reforms and technological advancements in the insurance sector.

Type Analysis

The life insurance segment is a major contributor to the overall insurance market, driven by the growing awareness of the importance of life coverage and financial planning. Life insurance products, including term insurance, whole life insurance, and endowment plans, offer financial security to policyholders and their families against unfores

The global non-life insurance market size was valued at USD 1,340 billion in 2020 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.0% from 2022 to 2028. The market growth is attributed to the increasing demand for insurance coverage against various risks, rising awareness about insurance products, and the growing adoption of digital channels for insurance distribution. Additionally, the increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters and the growing number of insurable assets are further driving the growth of the market. North America is the largest regional market for non-life insurance, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The market in North America is characterized by a high level of insurance penetration, a mature regulatory environment, and a wide range of insurance products. The market in Europe is also mature, but it is more fragmented than the market in North America. The market in Asia Pacific is growing rapidly, driven by the increasing demand for insurance coverage in emerging markets. Key players operating in the global non-life insurance market include Allianz, AXA, Generali, Ping An Insurance, China Life Insurance, Prudential PLC, Munich Re, Zurich Insurance, Nippon Life Insurance, and Japan Post Holdings.

The global life and non-life insurance market is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 4.00% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Increasing awareness of financial security needs, particularly in developing economies, is driving demand for life insurance products, including individual and group plans. Simultaneously, rising urbanization, increased vehicle ownership, and growing property values are boosting the non-life insurance sector, with home and motor insurance segments leading the charge. Technological advancements, such as the proliferation of InsurTech companies and the adoption of digital distribution channels, are streamlining operations, improving customer experience, and expanding market reach. However, challenges remain, including regulatory complexities, economic uncertainties impacting consumer spending, and the potential for increased fraud. The market's segmentation, encompassing various insurance types (life and non-life) and distribution channels (direct, agency, banks, and others), presents opportunities for specialized players to cater to niche markets and gain a competitive edge. The geographic distribution of market share is expected to shift over the forecast period, with Asia-Pacific and potentially South America showing significant growth driven by expanding middle classes and rising disposable incomes. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established global giants, such as Ping An Insurance Group, UnitedHealth Group, Allianz, AXA Group, and China Life, alongside regional players. These companies are strategically investing in digital transformation, product innovation, and mergers and acquisitions to consolidate their market positions and capitalize on emerging growth opportunities. The market's growth trajectory indicates a promising outlook for investors and stakeholders, although careful consideration of regional nuances, regulatory changes, and evolving consumer preferences will be crucial for long-term success. While precise market sizing data was not provided, assuming a 2025 market size of $5 trillion (a reasonable estimate for the global insurance market), a 4% CAGR would imply significant annual growth in the subsequent years, with various segments exhibiting different growth rates based on their underlying drivers. Recent developments include: June 2022: UnitedHealthcare announced the plans of acquiring EMIS Group. The EMIS Group is a leading health technology company based in the UK. The deal is expected to be an all-cash deal of GBP 1.24 billion (USD 1.5 billion)., February 2022: Allianz SE one of the leading insurance company globally announced that is entering into a Share Purchase Agreement (SPA), to acquire 72% of European Reliance General Insurance Company SA ('European Reliance'). European Reliance is one of the leader in the Greek insurance sector with a network of 5,667 agents and 110 retail offices.. Notable trends are: Cyber Insurance is Driving the Market.

The statistic presents the value of premiums written by non-life insurance companies in Canada from 2009 to 2014 and a forecast thereof until 2025, by type. The value of accident and health sector amounted to approximately 1.08 billion U.S. dollars in 2014 and was projected to grow to approximately 1.59 billion U.S. dollars in 2025.

The statistic presents the value of gross premiums written by non-life insurance companies in Colombia from 2009 to 2014 and a forecast thereof until 2025, by type. The value of accident and health insurance sector amounted to approximately 192.75 million U.S. dollars in 2013 and was projected to grow to approximately 345.8 million U.S. dollars in 2025.

The life & non-life insurance market has experienced steady growth, reaching a market size of XX million with a CAGR of XX% over the period 2019-2024. This growth is primarily driven by factors such as rising disposable income, increasing awareness of insurance products, and government initiatives to promote financial inclusion. Key trends in the market include the adoption of digital technologies, which has led to a shift towards online distribution channels and the introduction of innovative products to cater to evolving customer needs. Additionally, the increasing focus on wellness and preventive care is expected to drive demand for health and medical insurance products. The market is segmented by insurance type, channel of distribution, and region. The life insurance segment accounts for the majority of the market share, driven by strong demand for individual and group life insurance products. On the other hand, the non-life insurance segment is expected to witness significant growth due to rising demand for home and motor insurance products. The direct distribution channel is gaining popularity with the advent of digital technologies, while traditional channels such as agency and banks continue to hold a dominant position. Regionally, Asia-Pacific is expected to remain the largest market for life & non-life insurance, followed by North America and Europe. The increasing middle class and rising healthcare costs in emerging economies are key drivers of growth in this region. The global life and non-life insurance market is a highly concentrated and competitive industry, with a few major players accounting for a significant share of the overall market. The industry is characterized by ongoing innovation, regulatory changes, and evolving consumer trends, leading to continuous market shifts. Notable trends are: Global M&A Activity in Insurance Industry:.

Life and Non-Life Insurance Market Outlook

The global life and non-life insurance market size is projected to grow significantly from USD 5.2 trillion in 2023 to USD 8.1 trillion by 2032, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by rising awareness about financial security, increasing disposable incomes, and the expanding middle class in emerging economies. Additionally, technological advancements and digital transformation are facilitating easier access and improved customer experiences, further propelling market growth.

One of the foremost growth factors for the life and non-life insurance market is the increasing awareness regarding the importance of financial security and risk management. As economies grow and develop, individuals and businesses are becoming more conscious of the potential financial risks they face. This realization is pushing both personal and corporate clients to invest in various insurance products to safeguard their future and mitigate unforeseen financial burdens. Furthermore, the proliferation of information through digital platforms and media has significantly contributed to this heightened awareness, making insurance a pivotal aspect of financial planning.

Another crucial growth driver is the rising disposable incomes, particularly in developing regions. As disposable incomes increase, more people can afford insurance products, which were previously considered a luxury. The burgeoning middle class in regions like Asia Pacific and Latin America is particularly promising for the insurance market, as these populations seek to protect their newfound assets and ensure financial stability. This trend is also observed in developed nations, where economic recovery and growth spur higher spending on insurance products, both life and non-life, to secure personal and professional interests.

Technological advancements are further revolutionizing the insurance sector. The advent of digital technologies is streamlining operations, reducing costs, and enhancing customer experiences. Insurers are leveraging data analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to better understand customer needs, predict risks, and offer personalized solutions. Digital platforms are making insurance products more accessible, allowing for quick policy comparisons and purchases, claims processing, and customer service. This digital transformation is not only attracting tech-savvy younger generations but also simplifying processes for older demographics, thereby expanding the market base.

Bancassurance has emerged as a pivotal distribution channel in the insurance sector, bridging the gap between banking and insurance services. This model allows banks to offer insurance products directly to their customers, leveraging their extensive networks and customer trust. Bancassurance not only provides convenience for customers who can access insurance services through their existing banking relationships but also offers banks an opportunity to diversify their product offerings and generate additional revenue streams. This synergy between banks and insurers is particularly effective in regions with high banking penetration, where customers are more inclined to purchase insurance products from familiar and trusted institutions. The growth of bancassurance is further fueled by regulatory changes and strategic alliances, making it a significant contributor to the insurance market's expansion.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth in the life and non-life insurance market. This growth can be attributed to the rapidly expanding economies, urbanization, and increasing awareness about the importance of insurance. Moreover, favorable regulatory frameworks and government initiatives encouraging insurance penetration are further augmenting market growth in this region. North America and Europe are also significant markets, driven by high per capita income, well-established insurance sectors, and a robust regulatory environment. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America, while currently smaller markets, present substantial growth opportunities due to economic development and rising insurance awareness.

Type Analysis

The life insurance segment encompasses products that provide financial security to beneficiaries upon th

Global Life and Non-Life Insurance is segmented by Application (Life, Health, Property, Casualty, Auto), Type (Health Insurance, Life Insurance, Disability Insurance, Motor Insurance, Property Insurance) and Geography(North America, LATAM, West Europe, Central & Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Oceania, MEA)