The number of prescriptions dispensed in the U.S. has increased between 2009 and 2022. In 2009 the number of prescriptions dispensed was near **** billion, while in 2022 the number of prescriptions dispensed was around *** billion. The increase in the number of prescriptions dispensed has a multifactorial origin that includes health care sources, health insurance, and prescription drug benefits. However, the increase in prescription drug usage comes with a price tag as the price of drugs in the U.S. is also on the rise. Medication usage The total number of retail prescriptions filed annually in the United States is expected to also rise significantly by the year 2025. Medication usage varies depending on the population, for example, some data shows that prescription usage increases with age. Likewise, gender has an influence on prescription drug use. Females have a higher rate of prescription drug usage. Prescription drug costs The U.S. has some of the highest per capita drug spending in the world. That is largely because the prices of drugs in the U.S. are based solely on what the market can bear, rather than what the actual costs of production are. Personal health care expenditures in the U.S. have more than doubled since 2000. Estimates suggest that the cost of drugs will continue to increase. Estimated U.S. prescribed drug expenditures amounted to *** billion U.S. dollars by the end of 2021.

Pharmaceutical spending per capita in Canada stood at nearly 900 U.S. dollars in 2023 (constant prices). In comparison, the United States reported per capita spending of nearly 1,500 U.S. dollars. As for medical goods and services in general, the U.S. is among the countries with the highest health costs worldwide. The higher costs in the United States are particularly obvious when compared to other high-income, developed countries. Higher drug prices in the U.S.Higher spending on pharmaceuticals is less impacted by higher drug usage by Americans and more by significantly higher drug prices in the United States. While in other countries, drug prices are regulated more or less by governments, the U.S. leaves drug pricing to market competition. As an outcome, the U.S. market is the most profitable for pharmaceutical companies. For example, the price for blockbuster drug Humira was six times higher in the United States than in Germany (2022). Rx drug usage in the U.S.Almost half of all Americans have taken at least one prescription medicine within the preceding month. Generally, women take more prescribed drugs than men, although the difference decreased significantly over the past two decades. In the United States, among the therapeutic areas where spending is the highest are diabetes, oncology, autoimmune, and respiratory diseases. On the other hand, antihypertensives and mental health drugs are the leading classes based on number of prescriptions filled.

Globally, antidepressant usage has been on the rise. As of 2023, among select Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, Iceland, Portugal, and the UK were the biggest consumers of antidepressants. At that time, people in Iceland consumed antidepressants at a rate of about *** defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 people. Mental health globally Mental health disorders affect a significant proportion of the population, though addressing and understanding the prevalence of mental health is difficult due to regional differences in diagnostic criteria and understandings of mental health. Despite barriers to gathering data on mental health, there have been some global quantitative studies to help better understand certain conditions. It is suggested that mental health is among the top three health concerns among adults worldwide. Estimates propose that about ** percent of the overall population suffers from some mental health or substance use disorder. Depression and anxiety A global survey showed that the largest numbers of people with anxiety resided in locations in South-East Asia and the Americas. However, the highest distribution of cases of depression globally is among populations in South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. Both depression and anxiety disproportionately impact women in all regions of the world.

Anxiety and Panic Disorders Drugs Market Outlook

The anxiety and panic disorders drugs market is projected to witness significant growth, with the global market size expected to reach approximately USD XX billion by 2032 from USD YY billion in 2023, growing at a robust CAGR of Z% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by several factors, including the increasing prevalence of anxiety and panic disorders worldwide, heightened awareness about mental health issues, and advancements in pharmaceutical drug development. The growing demand for effective treatment options and the rising societal recognition of mental health's importance are potent growth catalysts that are expected to propel the market forward over the next decade.

The rising prevalence of anxiety and panic disorders has been one of the primary drivers of market growth. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of people diagnosed with these mental health conditions. This can be attributed to the growing stress levels stemming from hectic lifestyles, work-related pressures, and socio-economic challenges. Additionally, increased awareness and decreased stigma surrounding mental health have encouraged more individuals to seek medical attention, further expanding the patient pool requiring these medications. Consequently, the demand for anxiety and panic disorder drugs is experiencing steady growth, as healthcare providers strive to offer comprehensive treatment options to meet this rising need.

Technological advancements in the pharmaceutical industry have paved the way for the development of novel drugs with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Innovation in drug delivery systems and the discovery of new therapeutic targets have led to the introduction of advanced medications that effectively manage symptoms with fewer side effects. These innovations have garnered the attention of both healthcare professionals and patients, boosting the adoption of newer drugs over traditional therapies. Pharmaceutical companies are heavily investing in research and development to create more targeted and personalized treatment regimens, which is expected to further spur the market's growth in the coming years.

Furthermore, favorable government initiatives and policies aimed at promoting mental health awareness and treatment access have created a supportive environment for market expansion. Many countries have implemented national mental health programs focused on increasing funding for mental health services, improving healthcare infrastructure, and enhancing training for medical professionals. These efforts are aimed at improving diagnosis and treatment rates, thereby driving up the demand for pharmaceutical interventions. The growing collaboration between governments, non-profit organizations, and private sectors has resulted in increased outreach and education efforts, which are anticipated to further accelerate market growth.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Drugs have become an integral part of the broader mental health pharmaceutical landscape. As awareness of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) grows, so does the demand for effective treatment options. These drugs are designed to alleviate the symptoms of OCD, which can include persistent and intrusive thoughts, as well as repetitive behaviors that individuals feel compelled to perform. The development of these medications has been driven by advancements in understanding the neurological underpinnings of OCD, leading to more targeted therapies. Pharmaceutical companies are investing in research to refine these drugs, aiming to improve their efficacy and reduce side effects, thereby enhancing the quality of life for those affected by OCD. As the stigma surrounding mental health continues to diminish, more individuals are seeking help, contributing to the growth of this segment within the mental health drugs market.

Regionally, North America maintains a dominant position in the anxiety and panic disorders drugs market due to its well-established healthcare infrastructure, high diagnosis rates, and significant investment in mental health research. The region's focus on mental health initiatives, coupled with the presence of key market players, contributes to its substantial market share. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is projected to experience the highest growth rate due to rising awareness levels, economic development, and increasing healthcare expenditure. Other regions, such as Europe and Latin America, also show promising growth potential, driven by emerging marke

Pharmaceutical prescribing and drug-drug interaction data underlie recommendations on drug combinations that should be avoided or closely monitored by prescribers. Because the number of patients taking multiple medications is increasing, a comprehensive view of prescribing patterns in patients is important to better assess real world pharmaceutical response and evaluate the potential for multi-drug interactions. We obtained self-reported prescription data from NHANES surveys between 1999 and 2010, and confirm the previously reported finding of increasing drug use in the elderly. We studied co-prescription drug trends by focusing on the 2009-2010 survey, which contains prescription data on 690 drugs used by 10,537 subjects. We found that medication profiles were unique for individuals aged 65 years or more, with ≥98 unique drug regimens encountered per 100 subjects taking 3 or more medications. When drugs were viewed by therapeutic class, it was found that the most commonly prescribed drugs were not the most commonly co-prescribed drugs for any of the 16 drug classes investigated. We cross-referenced these medication lists with drug interaction data from Drugs.com to evaluate the potential for drug interactions. The number of drug alerts rose proportionally with the number of co-prescribed medications, rising from 3.3 alerts for individuals prescribed 5 medications to 11.7 alerts for individuals prescribed 10 medications. We found 22% of elderly subjects taking both a substrate and inhibitor of a given cytochrome P450 enzyme, and 4% taking multiple inhibitors of the same enzyme simultaneously. By examining drug pairs prescribed in 0.1% of the population or more, we found low agreement between co-prescription rate and co-discussion in the literature. These data show that prescribing trends in treatment could drive a large extent of individual variability in drug response, and that current pairwise approaches to assessing drug-drug interactions may be inadequate for predicting real world outcomes.

Medicine Market Outlook

The global medicine market size stood at approximately USD 1.4 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach a staggering USD 2.5 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 6.5%. This robust growth can be attributed to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, advancements in medical technology, and the rising geriatric population worldwide. The demand for innovative medicines and treatments continues to fuel the expansion of the market, further strengthened by government initiatives and increasing healthcare expenditure across the globe. The market is poised for substantial growth over the forecast period, driven by these dynamic factors.

A significant growth factor driving the medicine market is the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. With a rise in lifestyle-related conditions due to sedentary habits, poor diet, and environmental factors, the demand for medications and treatment options has surged. Moreover, the global aging population is expanding rapidly, which further escalates the need for healthcare solutions. This demographic shift creates a substantial market for medicines aimed at managing chronic conditions prevalent among older adults. Additionally, the ongoing development of personalized medicine and precision healthcare, which tailors treatment to individual genetic profiles, is further propelling market growth.

Advancements in medical technology and drug development processes also significantly bolster the medicine market. Innovations in biotechnology, genomics, and nanotechnology have led to the creation of more effective and targeted therapies. Biologics, in particular, have gained prominence due to their potential to treat previously untreatable conditions. Pharmaceutical companies are investing heavily in research and development to bring new and innovative drugs to market, enhancing therapeutic outcomes and patient quality of life. Furthermore, the adoption of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in drug discovery and development processes is accelerating the time-to-market for new medicines, thereby contributing to market expansion.

Another pivotal factor enhancing the growth of the medicine market is the increase in healthcare spending globally. Governments and private organizations are dedicating more resources to improve healthcare infrastructure, making medicines more accessible to the population. The expansion of healthcare insurance coverage and reimbursement policies in many regions has also made medicines more affordable and accessible to a larger audience. In addition, the rise of telemedicine and online pharmacy platforms is changing the way healthcare is delivered, making it easier for patients to obtain necessary medications. These developments in healthcare systems and services are expected to support sustained growth in the medicine market over the coming years.

Regionally, North America continues to dominate the medicine market due to its well-established healthcare infrastructure and high expenditure on research and development. Europe also holds a significant share, driven by an increasing focus on healthcare innovation and chronic disease management. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate, with a CAGR surpassing 8%, fueled by improving healthcare facilities, economic growth, and a rising middle-class population demanding better healthcare services. Emerging markets in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also showing promising growth, albeit at a slower pace, as they continue to develop their healthcare systems and address public health challenges.

Product Type Analysis

In the medicine market, product type plays a crucial role in defining the scope and reach of pharmaceutical companies. Prescription medicines hold the largest share of the market due to their essential role in managing and treating both acute and chronic conditions. These medicines are subject to rigorous regulatory standards and require healthcare professionals' authorization for use, ensuring their efficacy and safety. The demand for prescription medications is driven by the rising incidence of chronic diseases and the need for specialized and long-term treatments. Additionally, the emergence of new therapies and drugs targeting specific health conditions continues to bolster the growth of this segment.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, another critical segment, are gaining considerable traction due to their accessibility and affordability. These medicines, available

Rx To Otc Switches Market size was valued at 34.93 USD Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach 51.22 USD Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 4.90% during the forecast period 2024-2031.

Global Rx To Otc Switches Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Rx To Otc Switches Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Savings for Patients and Healthcare Systems: Over-the-Counter (OTC) drugs often have lower costs than prescription drugs, which results in lower costs for both patients and healthcare systems. Both sides' financial burdens may be lessened by this swap.

Improved Accessibility: Making some drugs available over-the-counter (OTC) increases patient access to treatments, especially for common or minor illnesses. This may result in quicker and more convenient medical care, which could cut down on the number of doctor visits.

Customer Demand for Self-Care: The desire among consumers to take charge of their own health and well-being is on the rise. OTC drug availability encourages people to take control of their health, which fuels market expansion.

Pharmaceutical Company Incentives: Changing from prescription to over-the-counter (OTC) treatments can help pharmaceutical companies save money on marketing and distribution expenses, prolong the life of their products, and access new markets.

Regulatory Support and Guidelines: The transition from prescription to over-the-counter medications is facilitated by regulatory agencies such as the FDA in the US. By streamlining the approval procedure, these rules may incentivize more businesses to seek over-the-counter (OTC) status for their goods.

Patent Expirations: In order to maintain market share and prolong the product's commercial viability, firms may convert branded prescription pharmaceuticals to over-the-counter (OTC) versions once their patents expire.

Innovation and Development of Safer Drugs: The market for Rx to OTC transitions is driven by improvements in drug formulations and safety profiles that enable more medications to meet the requirements for OTC availability.

Efficiency of the Healthcare System: Converting some medications to over-the-counter (OTC) forms can free up resources for healthcare, enabling medical professionals to concentrate on treating more critical ailments and enhancing the system's overall effectiveness.

Ageing Population: The need for easily available medicines is driven by an ageing population with a rising prevalence of chronic illnesses. Older adults facing persistent health difficulties have a simpler and frequently preferable alternative with over-the-counter (OTC) medications.

Digital Health and Information Accessibility: Consumers are more equipped to make educated decisions about over-the-counter pharmaceuticals thanks to the proliferation of digital health resources and easier access to medical information, which is driving market expansion.

Prefilled Syringes Drug Molecules Market size was valued at USD 70.1567 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 124.799 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 7.1% from 2024 to 2031Global Prefilled Syringes Drug Molecules Market DriversThe market drivers for the Prefilled Syringes Drug Molecules Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:Growing Prevalence of Chronic Diseases: Frequent drug administration is required due to the rising prevalence of chronic diseases such diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disorders. Prefilled syringes are fueling the expansion of the market by providing patients with a practical and efficient way to self-administer these medications.Developments in Biosimilars and Biologics: The need for prefilled syringes has increased dramatically as a result of the development and approval of biologics and biosimilar medications, which frequently call for accurate dosing and stable packaging. Because of their high sensitivity to contamination and requirement for precise dosing, these sophisticated pharmacological molecules are often delivered using prefilled syringes.Growing Trend towards Self-Administration and Home Care: The aim to lower hospital visits and healthcare expenses is the driving force behind the growing trend towards self-administration and home care for a variety of therapies. Prefilled syringes improve convenience and adherence to treatment regimens by enabling patients to safely and successfully give their drugs at home.Technological Advances in Prefilled Syringe Design: Patients' safety and convenience of usage have been enhanced by prefilled syringe design innovations, which include safety features like needle shields and automated injection systems. Prefilled syringes are becoming more popular among patients and healthcare professionals as a result of these developments, which is driving market expansion.Advantages of Prefilled Syringes Over Conventional Vials: Prefilled syringes have a number of benefits over conventional vials, such as a lower chance of dosage errors, a shorter preparation time, and less medication waste. Prefilled syringes are becoming more and more popular in a variety of therapeutic fields thanks to these advantages.Growing Geriatric Population: As the number of older people worldwide rises, age-related disorders are becoming more common and frequently need for injectable drugs. Prefilled syringes help the industry expand by giving senior patients a safer and simpler option to administer their drugs.Improved Sterility and Lower Risk of Contamination: Compared to multi-dose vials, prefilled syringes are a safer option for drug delivery since they are made in a sterile environment and sealed to avoid contamination. This improved sterility is especially crucial for delicate medication compounds like biologics.Encouragement of Safe and Effective Drug Delivery Systems by Government Initiatives and laws: The market for prefilled syringes is expanding thanks to government initiatives and laws that support the use of safe and effective drug delivery systems. Prefilled syringes are helping patients have better results and pay less for healthcare, and regulatory agencies are starting to realize this.Pharmaceutical businesses' Emphasis on Differentiation: Patient-centric strategies and product differentiation are the main areas of concentration for pharmaceutical businesses. Prefilled syringes are a useful tool for providing unique goods that improve patient adherence and convenience and increase market acceptance.Growing Investment in Healthcare Infrastructure: Prefilled syringes and other innovative drug delivery methods are becoming more widely available and accessible as a result of rising investments in healthcare infrastructure, especially in emerging nations. The increasing adoption of these systems by healthcare facilities is facilitating the growth of the market.

Anorexiants Market size was valued at USD 1,234 Million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 1,794 Million by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.4% from 2026 to 2032.

Anorexiants Market Drivers

Growing Obesity Rates: The global obesity epidemic is becoming more common, which is a major factor driving the anorexic market. Effective weight management solutions are in greater demand as obesity rates rise. Altering Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles: Obesity is a result of dietary changes, greater intake of processed foods, and sedentary lifestyles. The need for drugs that assist people in controlling their weight is fueled by these considerations. Increasing Awareness of Health and Wellness: As the importance of health and wellness increases, more people are looking for ways to deal with their weight management problems. An all-encompassing attitude to health may result in a need for anorexiants due to this enhanced awareness. Progress in Pharmaceutical Research: The pharmaceutical industry's continuous efforts in research and development result in the creation of novel and enhanced anorexiant medications. Market expansion is facilitated by innovations such as new modes of action, increased efficacy, and improved safety profiles. Healthcare Policies and Government Initiatives: Public health campaigns and laws encouraging better lives, among other measures taken by the government to battle obesity, may have an impact on the demand for anorexics. Moreover, healthcare programs that pay for weight-management therapies might make these drugs more widely available. An increasing number of people are looking for non-invasive weight loss solutions as an alternative to intrusive procedures like surgery. One such non-invasive treatment that is in demand is anorexiants. These drugs provide a less invasive way to control weight. Technological Innovations: Wearable technology and digital health solutions are two examples of how weight control programs are progressively incorporating these innovations into their approaches. These technologies might be enhanced by anorexics, which would increase market growth and adoption. Growing Aging Population: As people get older, obesity-related conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular disease are more common. Anorexics can help elderly persons manage their weight and lower their risk of obesity-related problems. Growing Acceptance of Pharmacotherapy for Obesity: As stigma about anorexiants declines and attitudes around this type of treatment change, more people may take it seriously as a possible course of treatment. This change in perspective may encourage market expansion.

Antidepressant Drugs Market Outlook

The global antidepressant drugs market size was valued at approximately USD 15.2 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach around USD 22.5 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.5% during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to the increasing prevalence of mental health disorders worldwide, raising awareness about mental health, and the expanding access to healthcare services. Furthermore, advancements in pharmacology and neuropsychiatric research are promoting the development of novel antidepressant formulations, contributing significantly to market expansion.

One of the primary growth factors driving the antidepressant drugs market is the rising incidence of depression and related disorders on a global scale. Mental health has been increasingly recognized as an essential component of human well-being, with significant strides taken to combat the stigma surrounding psychiatric conditions. World Health Organization estimates suggest that depression affects over 264 million people globally. This acknowledgment and the subsequent increase in diagnosis rates have necessitated a higher demand for effective treatment solutions, thus propelling the market for antidepressant medications.

Another factor contributing to the growth of the antidepressant drugs market is the continuous innovation in drug development. Pharmaceutical companies are investing substantially in research and development to introduce new and improved antidepressant formulations. These new drugs aim to minimize side effects and provide faster relief compared to traditional medications. Such advancements are particularly important in enhancing patient compliance and outcomes, as they offer alternatives to conventional therapies that might not be effective for all patients. Moreover, the introduction of drugs with novel mechanisms of action is anticipated to boost the market further.

The increasing focus on personalized medicine is also a considerable growth driver. With the advancement of genomic studies, healthcare professionals can now tailor antidepressant treatments to individual patient profiles. This personalized approach not only improves the efficacy of the treatment but also significantly reduces the likelihood of adverse reactions, thereby fostering patient adherence to prescribed regimens. This trend is further supported by the growing availability of pharmacogenetic testing, which helps in identifying the most suitable medication based on a patientÂ’s genetic makeup, enhancing the market's growth prospects.

Seasonal Affective Disorder Drugs have emerged as a crucial component in the treatment landscape for individuals experiencing mood changes linked to seasonal variations. As the understanding of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) deepens, the demand for specialized medications that address the unique symptoms of this condition is growing. These drugs are designed to alleviate the depressive episodes that often coincide with the shorter daylight periods of fall and winter. By targeting the specific neurotransmitter imbalances associated with SAD, these medications offer hope for improved patient outcomes. The development of such drugs is indicative of the broader trend towards more targeted and effective treatments in the mental health sector, reflecting the ongoing commitment to addressing diverse mental health challenges.

Regionally, North America holds the largest share in the antidepressant drugs market due to the high prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders, coupled with the presence of major pharmaceutical companies in the region. Europe follows closely, with substantial government initiatives aimed at mental health awareness and access to treatment. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by increasing healthcare expenditure, growing awareness of mental health issues, and expanding access to healthcare services. In contrast, the Latin America and Middle East & Africa regions are anticipated to experience moderate growth due to ongoing healthcare infrastructure improvements and increasing awareness about mental health.

Drug Class Analysis

The antidepressant drugs market is segmented by drug class into Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs), and others. SSRIs hold t

Drugs for Traveler's Diarrhea Market Outlook

The global drugs for traveler's diarrhea market has experienced significant growth, with a market size valued at approximately USD 675 million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 1.2 billion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5%. This growth is driven by an increase in global travel, rising awareness of health issues among travelers, and advancements in pharmaceutical treatments. The growing number of international travelers, both for business and leisure, increases the risk of contracting traveler's diarrhea, thus driving the demand for effective pharmaceutical solutions. The market's expansion is further supported by increasing access to healthcare facilities and the development of innovative drugs that provide quicker relief with fewer side effects.

A primary growth factor for the drugs for traveler's diarrhea market is the expansion of the global tourism industry. As international travel becomes more accessible and affordable, the number of people traveling to high-risk regions, particularly developing countries with limited access to clean water and sanitation, is on the rise. This surge in travel correlates with an increased incidence of traveler's diarrhea, thus boosting the demand for effective treatments. Pharmaceutical companies are investing heavily in research and development to introduce new drugs that are not only more effective but also have fewer side effects, catering to the needs of a health-conscious traveler demographic. This ongoing development in drug formulations is expected to propel market growth in the coming years.

Another notable driver is the heightened awareness among travelers about the health risks associated with international travel. This awareness is cultivated through improved information dissemination by health organizations and travel agencies, who provide travelers with precautionary advice and potential treatment options for traveler's diarrhea. This awareness is crucial as it leads to a more informed choice of medications and preventive measures, thus increasing the demand for the drugs available in the market. Moreover, the availability of travel insurance covering medical emergencies, including traveler's diarrhea, encourages travelers to seek prompt medical attention, further driving market growth.

The advancement in pharmaceutical technology and the availability of various drug options also play a significant role in the market's growth. With the development of more effective and specialized drugs, travelers now have a range of options to choose from, depending on their specific needs and health conditions. This variety not only caters to different traveler preferences but also enhances the market's ability to serve a broader audience. Additionally, the involvement of healthcare professionals in prescribing these medications ensures that travelers receive safe and effective treatments, further boosting consumer confidence and market demand.

Travel Sickness Drugs also play a crucial role in the broader landscape of travel-related health solutions. These medications are designed to alleviate the symptoms of motion sickness, a common issue faced by travelers, particularly during long journeys by air, sea, or road. The availability of effective travel sickness drugs ensures that travelers can enjoy their trips without the discomfort of nausea and dizziness. As the global travel industry continues to grow, the demand for these drugs is expected to rise, complementing the market for traveler's diarrhea medications. Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly focusing on developing formulations that offer quick relief and minimal side effects, catering to the needs of travelers who prioritize comfort and convenience.

Regionally, North America and Europe dominate the market for drugs for traveler's diarrhea due to their well-established healthcare infrastructure and high levels of international travel. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth, driven by an increase in outbound travel from countries like China and India, coupled with the increasing awareness of travel-related health issues. The region's growing middle class and improving healthcare services are also contributing to this upward trend. Moreover, the rising availability of over-the-counter travel medications in urban areas within these regions enhances accessibility, making it a key growth area for the forecast period.

According to cognitive market research, the global orphan drugs market size was valued at USD xx billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD xx billion at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period.

Orphan pharmaceuticals are pharmaceuticals that are used to diagnose and treat rare medical illnesses. These medications are developed to address a specific public health need and typically have a limited market because they are designed for a small patient population.
The rising R&D expenditures by major companies for the creation of innovative items are one of the crucial factors that dominate the worldwide market.
The biological orphan drug category is the result of key market participants supplying a greater number of biological products.
The fact that orphan pharmaceuticals in the US enjoy tax benefits, a user fee waiver, and seven years of marketing exclusivity following FDA clearance for a particular purpose is one factor contributing to the market's expansion.
Drug dosages supplied intravenously (IV) to patients with orphan illnesses must only be handled and monitored by qualified healthcare providers.

Market Dynamics of the Orphan Drugs Market

Key Drivers of the Orphan Drugs Market

The growing patient population with rare diseases is propelling the market growth.

About 300 million people are predicted to be impacted globally by recurrent, chronic, and uncommon diseases as well as a rise in the need for large-scale orphan medication manufacture. The need for pharmaceuticals that support the growth of the market is rising for rare illness medications, including Waardenburg Syndrome, von Willebrand illness, Yellow Fever, Diabetes Macular Edoema, Abetalipoproteinemia, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome, Yellow Nail Syndrome, and others. Furthermore, about 400 million individuals worldwide suffer from orphan diseases, even though they are uncommon. Approximately 7000 distinct forms of orphan diseases have been identified. Players in the orphan medication industry now have a tonne of opportunities. https://genomemedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13073-022-01026-w • For instance, according to an article published by Euronews in 2023, there are 5000 to 8000 rare diseases in Europe that affect the daily lives of almost 30.0 million people in the region and 300.0 million across the world. (Source:https://www.euronews.com/health/2023/06/15/30-million-europeans-affected-by-rare-diseases)

Government incentives and favorable regulations by the regulatory bodies for orphan drugs boost the market growth rate

To incentivize pharmaceutical companies to invest in research and development for rare diseases, the U.S. Congress passed The Orphan Drug Act in 1983. This act grants tax credits, grants, and exclusive marketing rights to pharmaceutical companies that manufacture orphan drugs. The governments provide advantageous laws for the development and approval of orphan medications, hence providing further assistance to the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, through insurance coverage and payment regulations, governments have supported patient access to orphan medications and funded their research and development. • For instance, in October 2023, the Indian government launched the National Policy On Research and Development and Innovation in The Pharma-Med Tech Sector in India and the Scheme for The Promotion of Research and Innovations in The Pharma-Medtech Sector (PRIP). They focus on fostering research, development, and innovation in the pharmaceutical and medical technology sectors in India. The policy’s parts focus on rare diseases, gene therapy, orphan drugs, and precision medicines. (Source:https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1960812)

Restraints of the Orphan Drugs Market

High costs associated with drug development may hamper market growth

The market for orphan pharmaceuticals is predicted to expand slowly due to the high costs connected with these medication innovations; nevertheless, during the projection period, the industry's growth may be hampered by high per-patient treatment costs and regulatory limitations on profitability. Orphan medications are selectively available because of the rarity of orphan illnesses. Orphan medications are expensive due to their limited availability and significant investments in research & development. Furthermor...

The United States was the largest national pharmaceutical market in 2024, making up around 53 percent of the total pharmaceutical prescription drug market worldwide. China is the second-largest market, with a market share of nearly eight percent (however, including only the hospital market). International differences in drug prices The worldwide pharmaceutical market was valued at approximately 1.7 trillion U.S. dollars in 2024, including both, prescription and nonprescription drugs. Sales of Rx pharmaceuticals in the United States generated around 800 billion U.S. dollars in 2024. One reason for the disparity between countries is the price of prescription medications: in the United States, the prices of branded drugs increased, for example, significantly between 2011 and 2019. Many pharmaceutical manufacturers argue that prices need to be raised to not only recoup research costs, but also to maintain profit margins because of the larger rebates negotiated by pharmacy benefits managers. Prescription drug prices are a bitter pill to swallow With an average spend of 1,564 U.S. dollars per person, the United States had the highest pharmaceutical spending per capita worldwide in 2023. Brand name medications are particularly expensive in the country: the average price of Humira in the United States is far higher than in other markets. Branded drugs enjoy the protection of patents, and the lack of competition means both manufacturers and pharmacies can charge what the market will bear.

Motion Sickness Drug Market Outlook

The global market size for motion sickness drugs was valued at approximately $800 million in 2023 and is projected to reach $1.2 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 4.5% over the forecast period. Several growth factors are driving this market, such as increasing incidences of motion sickness due to a rise in global travel and advancements in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance the efficacy of treatments.

The primary growth driver for the motion sickness drug market is the escalating number of people traveling globally for both business and leisure. With more people taking long flights, cruises, and road trips, the demand for effective motion sickness medications is rising. According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), passenger numbers are expected to double by 2037, which indicates a significant potential market for these drugs. Additionally, the increasing affordability of travel has made it accessible to a wider audience, thereby expanding the consumer base for motion sickness medications.

Another crucial factor contributing to market growth is advancements in the pharmaceutical sector. Innovations in drug delivery methods, such as transdermal patches and orally disintegrating tablets, are enhancing the efficacy and convenience of motion sickness medications. These new formulation strategies not only improve patient compliance but also reduce side effects, broadening the target demographic. Furthermore, ongoing research to develop more effective and faster-acting drugs is expected to fuel market expansion over the forecast period.

Moreover, the growing awareness about motion sickness and the availability of over-the-counter (OTC) medications are also boosting market growth. Public health campaigns and increased media coverage on the condition have led to higher self-diagnosis and treatment rates. This is particularly relevant in regions with a high prevalence of motion sickness, such as areas with extensive maritime activities or mountainous terrains, where the condition is more commonly observed. As awareness increases, so does the propensity to seek treatment, thereby driving market growth.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in alternative treatments for motion sickness, such as the Anti-Nausea and Vomiting Band. This innovative device works by applying pressure to specific points on the wrist, which is believed to help alleviate symptoms of nausea and vomiting. The band offers a drug-free option for individuals who may be sensitive to medications or prefer non-pharmacological solutions. As awareness of such alternatives increases, the market for these bands is expected to grow, particularly among travelers seeking natural remedies for motion sickness.

Regionally, North America holds the largest market share due to high travel activity and well-established healthcare infrastructure. The regionÂ’s mature pharmaceutical sector and high healthcare expenditure further bolster market growth. Europe follows closely, driven by advancements in drug formulations and a growing aging population prone to motion sickness. The Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate, fueled by increasing disposable incomes and expanding travel industries in countries like China and India. Furthermore, the Middle East and Africa, though smaller in market size, offer significant growth potential due to rising tourism and improvements in healthcare access.

Drug Type Analysis

The motion sickness drug market can be segmented by drug type into antihistamines, anticholinergics, dopamine antagonists, and others. Antihistamines are one of the most commonly used drug types for motion sickness. These medications work by blocking histamine receptors in the brain, which can help prevent nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness. Popular antihistamines include diphenhydramine and meclizine. Given their widespread usage and effectiveness, antihistamines dominate a significant portion of the market share.

Anticholinergics are another critical category in this market. These drugs, such as scopolamine, work by blocking acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in vomiting reflex. Scopolamine is available in various forms, including patches and oral tablets, and is often recommended for long-duration travel like cruises. The long-lasting effect of anticholinergics makes them a preferred choice for individuals seeking e

According to cognitive market research, the global botanical drug market size will be USD 169.6 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 40.30% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 67.84 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 38.5% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 50.88 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 39.01 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 42.3% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 8.48 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 39.7% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 3.39 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 40.0% from 2024 to 2031.
The standardized extracts held the highest Botanical Drug market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Botanical Drug Market

Key Drivers for Botanical Drug Market

Progress in the Field of Research and Development to Increase the Demand Globally

The botanical drug market has experienced growth due to progress in the field of research and development. Advances in science and technology have made it possible to create herbal medications that are more standardized and effective. They are now more widely accepted in the medical community as a result of stronger clinical trials and improved quality control. Demand for natural and organic products is rising in many industries, including the pharmaceutical industry. Interest in botanical pharmaceuticals has increased as consumers search for healthier substitutes for synthetic drugs and become more health-conscious.

An Elevated Occurrence of Long-Term Illnesses to Propel Market Growth

The botanical drug market has witnessed steady growth, driven by an elevated occurrence of long-term illnesses, there is a greater need for complementary and alternative therapies as chronic diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders, become more common. Because of its natural makeup and potential for fewer side effects, botanical medications frequently serve as a source of innovative therapeutics. Additionally, the use of plants in traditional medicine has a long history in many countries. The ease with which botanical medications are adopted and incorporated in these areas is facilitated by their cultural acceptability, which further propels market expansion.

Restraint Factor for the Botanical Drug Market

Difficulties with Regulation and Standardization to Limit the Sales

In The botanical drug market, regulations for botanical medications are frequently quite strict. Botanical medications are made up of complicated mixes, as opposed to conventional pharmaceuticals, which are usually made up of a single active ingredient. It may be difficult to meet regulatory requirements for safety, efficacy, and quality control because of this complexity. The proportion of active components in botanical medications varies a lot because of their natural origins. It might be challenging to create a dependable product that receives regulatory approval due to the uneven efficacy and safety profiles that can result from this lack of standardization.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Botanical Drug Market

The botanical drug market has witnessed growth due to the demand for natural and herbal medicines that were thought to improve immunity, and general health spiked during the pandemic. As a preventive step, a lot of people started using botanical medications, which increased market sales. The pandemic seriously disrupted international supply networks, which had an impact on the availability of raw materials for botanical medications. Delays and possible shortages resulted from lockdowns and restrictions that affected the shipping, processing, and harvesting of botanical materials. Stricter rules for the licensing and commercialization of botanical pharmaceuticals have been implemented by regulatory agencies worldwide due to the increased emphasis on health and safety. Launches of new products were delayed as a result...

Revenue for the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing industry is expected to decrease at an annualized 0.2% over the five years through 2025, to total $183.2 billion, up 2.8% from 2024. The COVID-19 outbreak contributed to growth in domestic demand for medicine and medical supplies, benefiting the development of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing industry. The industry's profitability has decreased from 13.6% of industry revenue in 2020 to 13.1% in 2025. An estimated 1,616 industry enterprises operate in 2025, employing about 716,920 people, with a total wage cost of $12.5 billion.Hospitals are currently the main distribution channel for the medicine produced by the industry. However, upcoming healthcare reforms are anticipated to enable drugstores to become the major distribution channel in the near future. In the past, many consumers could not afford to purchase medicine or see a doctor.The Government in China will continue to implement policies to restrict and decrease medicine prices, and accelerate urban and rural residents' work insurance relating to a serious illness, improve rural residents' insurance demand, and allow more consumers to purchase medicine when required. As a result, industry revenue is forecast to increase at an annualized 3.5% over the five years through 2030, total $217.6 billion.Intensified domestic market competition drives domestic enterprises to continue developing overseas market over the next five years. In addition, lower price advantages and increasing research and development content of products also promote growing demand for China's pharmaceutical products. Industry exports are forecast to increase at an annualized 9.9% over the five years through 2030.Though domestic demand for basic and high-quality pharmaceutical products is anticipated to grow substantially, imports will increase slowly due to domestic substitution. Many patents for pharmaceutical and medicine products will expire over the next five years. Instead of importing these pharmaceuticals, domestic companies will be able to manufacture them at a lower cost and sell them at a lower price in the domestic market.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Neurological disorder drugs market size will be USD 112584.7 million in 2025. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.20% from 2025 to 2033.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 41656.34 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.0% from 2025 to 2033.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 32649.56 million.
APAC held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 27020.33 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.0% from 2025 to 2033.
South America has a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 4278.22 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.3% from 2025 to 2033.
Middle East had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 4503.39 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.7% from 2025 to 2033.
Africa had a market share of around 1% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 2476.86 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.4% from 2025 to 2033.
Hospital pharmacies dominate the neurological disorder drugs market due to the critical need for specialized care and immediate access to prescription medications in hospital settings

Market Dynamics of Neurological disorder drugs Market

Key Drivers for Neurological disorder drugs Market

Rising Prevalence of Neurological Disorders to Boost Market Growth

The increasing prevalence of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy is a significant driver for the neurological disorder drugs market. As the global population ages, the incidence of these conditions is rising, necessitating effective treatment options. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), neurological disorders are a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. This growing burden has prompted pharmaceutical companies to focus on developing innovative drugs and therapies to address these conditions, further boosting market growth. For instance, in March 2023, Pfizer Inc. announced that ZAVZPRETTM (zavegepant), the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist nasal spray for the immediate treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults, has received approval from the United States FDA.

https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizers-zavzprettm-zavegepant-migraine-nasal-spray

Advancements in Drug Discovery and Development To Boost Market Growth

Significant advancements in drug discovery and development technologies are driving the neurological disorder drugs market. Techniques such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and genomics are enabling the identification of novel drug targets and speeding up the drug development process. Moreover, innovations in biomarker research and precision medicine are paving the way for more effective and personalized treatments. These advancements not only enhance treatment outcomes but also reduce the time and cost associated with bringing new drugs to market, contributing to the overall growth of the industry.

Restraint Factor for the Neurological disorder drugs Market

High Cost of Neurological Disorder Drugs, Will Limit Market Growth

The high cost associated with neurological disorder drugs poses a major restraint to market growth. Many advanced therapies, including biologics and gene therapies, come with a high price tag, making them unaffordable for a significant portion of the population. Additionally, the long duration and complexity of clinical trials for neurological disorder drugs add to the overall cost. Limited insurance coverage and high out-of-pocket expenses in some regions further restrict patient access to these critical treatments, hindering market expansion despite the increasing demand for innovative therapies.

Market Trends in Neurological disorder drugs Market

Increasing Adoption of Gene Therapy and Personalized Medicine

The growing adoption of gene therapy and personalized medicine is emerging as a transformative trend in the neurological disorder drugs market. Gene therap...

Zonisaimide Market size is growing at a moderate pace with substantial growth rates over the last few years and is estimated that the market will grow significantly in the forecasted period i.e. 2024 to 2031.

Global Zonisaimide Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Zonisaimide Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Growing Epilepsy Prevalence:One of the main causes is the increasing prevalence of epilepsy worldwide. Demand for efficient therapies like zonisamide rises with the number of people receiving epilepsy diagnoses.

Progress in the Field of Pharmaceutical Research:Continuous research and development endeavors are yielding better zonisamide formulations and administration systems, augmenting its effectiveness and patient compliance. Patients may find zonisamide more convenient and accessible because to advancements in medication delivery technologies.

Raising Knowledge and Identification:Better diagnostic instruments and greater knowledge about epilepsy are enabling earlier and more precise diagnosis. As a result, more individuals receive prescriptions for drugs like zonisamide.

Extension of Significance:In addition to treating epilepsy, zonisamide is being investigated for the treatment of other neurological and mental disorders such bipolar disorder and Parkinson's disease. The market for zonisamide can be greatly expanded by adding other indications to its prescription.

Medical Costs and Insurance Protection:More patients can now afford and receive treatment for epilepsy with zonisamide thanks to increased healthcare spending and better insurance coverage. Population Aging:Neurological conditions like epilepsy are more common in the aging global population. Treatments like zonisamide are anticipated to become more in demand as the population ages.

Market Infiltration in Developing Nations:Growing healthcare infrastructure, rising disposable incomes, and growing awareness of epilepsy therapies make emerging markets—especially those in Asia and Latin America—a prime location for expansion. Generic Drugs and Patent Expiration:When zonisamide's patents expire, generic equivalents may be released, bringing down the price of the medication and expanding its market reach.

Regulatory Acceptance and Assistance:Market expansion may be fueled by regulatory agencies' approval of zonisamide for a number of applications and their backing of programs for the treatment of epilepsy. Faster drug approvals and market entry can be facilitated by favorable regulatory policies.

Partnerships and Collaborations that are Strategic:Cooperation among pharmaceutical businesses in the areas of marketing, distribution, and research can increase zonisamide's accessibility and uptake. Collaborations can also aid in extending the drug's geographic reach.

Multi-Dose Packaging System Market size is growing at a moderate pace with substantial growth rates over the last few years and is estimated that the market will grow significantly in the forecasted period i.e. 2024 to 2031.

Global Multi-Dose Packaging System Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Multi-Dose Packaging System Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Growing Aging Population: As the world's older population ages, there is an increasing need for multi-dose packaging systems to handle complicated drug regimens because older people frequently need to take many prescriptions for different ailments. Medication Adherence: By arranging pharmaceuticals into practical and simple-to-follow dosing schedules, multi-dose packaging methods aid in better medication adherence. For patients with long-term illnesses or those who might struggle to independently manage their prescriptions, this is essential. Developments in Pharmaceutical Packaging: As a result of ongoing advancements in technology, more complex multi-dose packaging systems with improved safety, practicality, and compliance features have been created, propelling the market's expansion. The prevalence of chronic diseases is on the rise: This means that long-term medication management is required for conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders. To minimize the risk of medication errors and streamline medication administration, multi-dose packaging systems are being adopted. Regulatory Initiatives: Tight rules and policies designed to improve medication compliance and patient safety are motivating pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers to spend money on sophisticated packaging options, such as multi-dose packaging systems, which is driving the market's expansion. Technological Advancements: Real-time tracking, monitoring, and reminders are made possible by the integration of technologies like RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification), NFC (Near Field Communication), and smart sensors into multi-dose packaging systems. This improves patient compliance and medication management. Customer desire for Convenience: The expanding trend of home healthcare, along with consumers' increasing desire for convenient healthcare solutions, is creating a demand for user-friendly multi-dose packaging systems that make it easier to administer and store medications at home. Cost Savings: By reducing medication waste, averting hospitalizations related to medication, and enhancing treatment outcomes through improved adherence, multi-dose packaging systems can help lower healthcare costs and offer affordable options to patients and healthcare providers alike.

Update — December 7, 2014. – Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is not working for many reasons, for example: 1. Incorrect in their foundations (paradox): hierarchical levels of evidence are supported by opinions (i.e., lowest strength of evidence according to EBM) instead of real data collected from different types of study designs (i.e., evidence). http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1122534 2. The effect of criminal practices by pharmaceutical companies is only possible because of the complicity of others: healthcare systems, professional associations, governmental and academic institutions. Pharmaceutical companies also corrupt at the personal level, politicians and political parties are on their payroll, medical professionals seduced by different types of gifts in exchange of prescriptions (i.e., bribery) which very likely results in patients not receiving the proper treatment for their disease, many times there is no such thing: healthy persons not needing pharmacological treatments of any kind are constantly misdiagnosed and treated with unnecessary drugs. Some medical professionals are converted in K.O.L. which is only a puppet appearing on stage to spread lies to their peers, a person supposedly trained to improve the well-being of others, now deceits on behalf of pharmaceutical companies. Probably the saddest thing is that many honest doctors are being misled by these lies created by the rules of pharmaceutical marketing instead of scientific, medical, and ethical principles. Interpretation of EBM in this context was not anticipated by their creators. “The main reason we take so many drugs is that drug companies don’t sell drugs, they sell lies about drugs.” ―Peter C. Gøtzsche “doctors and their organisations should recognise that it is unethical to receive money that has been earned in part through crimes that have harmed those people whose interests doctors are expected to take care of. Many crimes would be impossible to carry out if doctors weren’t willing to participate in them.” —Peter C Gøtzsche, The BMJ, 2012, Big pharma often commits corporate crime, and this must be stopped. Pending (Colombia): Health Promoter Entities (In Spanish: EPS ―Empresas Promotoras de Salud).

1. Misinterpretations New technologies or concepts are difficult to understand in the beginning, it doesn’t matter their simplicity, we need to get used to new tools aimed to improve our professional practice. Probably the best explanation is here in these videos (credits to Antonio Villafaina for sharing these videos with me). English https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQHX-SjgQvQ&w=420&h=315 Spanish https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DApozQBrlhU&w=420&h=315 ----------------------- Hypothesis: hierarchical levels of evidence based medicine are wrong Dear Editor, I have data to support the hypothesis described in the title of this letter. Before rejecting the null hypothesis I would like to ask the following open question:Could you support with data that hierarchical levels of evidence based medicine are correct? (1,2) Additional explanation to this question: – Only respond to this question attaching publicly available raw data.– Be aware that more than a question this is a challenge: I have data (i.e., evidence) which is contrary to classic (i.e., McMaster) or current (i.e., Oxford) hierarchical levels of evidence based medicine. An important part of this data (but not all) is publicly available. References
2. Ramirez, Jorge H (2014): The EBM challenge. figshare. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1135873
3. The EBM Challenge Day 1: No Answers. Competing interests: I endorse the principles of open data in human biomedical research Read this letter on The BMJ – August 13, 2014.http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g3725/rr/762595Re: Greenhalgh T, et al. Evidence based medicine: a movement in crisis? BMJ 2014; 348: g3725. _ Fileset contents Raw data: Excel archive: Raw data, interactive figures, and PubMed search terms. Google Spreadsheet is also available (URL below the article description). Figure 1. Unadjusted (Fig 1A) and adjusted (Fig 1B) PubMed publication trends (01/01/1992 to 30/06/2014). Figure 2. Adjusted PubMed publication trends (07/01/2008 to 29/06/2014) Figure 3. Google search trends: Jan 2004 to Jun 2014 / 1-week periods. Figure 4. PubMed publication trends (1962-2013) systematic reviews and meta-analysis, clinical trials, and observational studies.
   Figure 5. Ramirez, Jorge H (2014): Infographics: Unpublished US phase 3 clinical trials (2002-2014) completed before Jan 2011 = 50.8%. figshare.http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1121675 Raw data: "13377 studies found for: Completed | Interventional Studies | Phase 3 | received from 01/01/2002 to 01/01/2014 | Worldwide". This database complies with the terms and conditions of ClinicalTrials.gov: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-site/terms-conditions Supplementary Figures (S1-S6). PubMed publication delay in the indexation processes does not explain the descending trends in the scientific output of evidence-based medicine. Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge the following persons for providing valuable concepts in data visualization and infographics:
4. Maria Fernanda Ramírez. Professor of graphic design. Universidad del Valle. Cali, Colombia.
5. Lorena Franco. Graphic design student. Universidad del Valle. Cali, Colombia. Related articles by this author (Jorge H. Ramírez)
6. Ramirez JH. Lack of transparency in clinical trials: a call for action. Colomb Med (Cali) 2013;44(4):243-6. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24892242
7. Ramirez JH. Re: Evidence based medicine is broken (17 June 2014). http://www.bmj.com/node/759181
8. Ramirez JH. Re: Global rules for global health: why we need an independent, impartial WHO (19 June 2014). http://www.bmj.com/node/759151
9. Ramirez JH. PubMed publication trends (1992 to 2014): evidence based medicine and clinical practice guidelines (04 July 2014). http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g3725/rr/759895 Recommended articles
10. Greenhalgh Trisha, Howick Jeremy,Maskrey Neal. Evidence based medicine: a movement in crisis? BMJ 2014;348:g3725
11. Spence Des. Evidence based medicine is broken BMJ 2014; 348:g22
12. Schünemann Holger J, Oxman Andrew D,Brozek Jan, Glasziou Paul, JaeschkeRoman, Vist Gunn E et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies BMJ 2008; 336:1106
13. Lau Joseph, Ioannidis John P A, TerrinNorma, Schmid Christopher H, OlkinIngram. The case of the misleading funnel plot BMJ 2006; 333:597
14. Moynihan R, Henry D, Moons KGM (2014) Using Evidence to Combat Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment: Evaluating Treatments, Tests, and Disease Definitions in the Time of Too Much. PLoS Med 11(7): e1001655. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001655
15. Katz D. A-holistic view of evidence based medicinehttp://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2014/05/02/a-holistic-view-of-evidence-based-medicine/ ---