China was the largest contributor to global power sector emissions in 2023, having produced 5.5 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO₂e) from electricity generation. This was more than triple the emissions produced in the U.S. - the second-largest emitter within the power sector. Emissions from electricity generation in these two countries have been on opposite trajectories in recent decades. While emissions in the U.S. have decreased by some 30 percent since the turn of the century, those in China have risen fivefold.

Asia produced more emissions from electricity generation than any other region in 2023, at *** billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO₂e). China alone accounted for roughly ** percent of the region's power sector emissions that year. Asia's power sector emissions have more than tripled since 2000, owing to the fast growing economies in the region and growing energy demand. By comparison, power sector emissions in North America have fallen by more than ** percent during this same period and are now roughly **** times lower than in Asia.

Global emissions from coal-fired electricity generation increased 1.7 percent in 2023, to a record high of 9.45 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (GtCO₂). Coal-fired electricity accounted for more than 66 percent of total global power sector emissions that year. Coal is by far the largest source of electricity generation worldwide, but it is also the most polluting fossil fuel, emitting twice as much carbon as natural gas when burned.

Thailand Carbon Dioxide Emission per Electricity Consumption data was reported at 0.399 kg/kWh in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.438 kg/kWh for 2023. Thailand Carbon Dioxide Emission per Electricity Consumption data is updated yearly, averaging 0.614 kg/kWh from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2024, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.748 kg/kWh in 1997 and a record low of 0.399 kg/kWh in 2024. Thailand Carbon Dioxide Emission per Electricity Consumption data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Energy Policy and Planning Office, Ministry of Energy. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Thailand – Table TH.RB020: Carbon Dioxide Emissions Statistics.

In 2023, global power sector emissions increased *** percent to an estimated ***** billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO₂e). Global power sector emissions have increased almost ** percent since 2000 as global populations, economies, and electricity demand have grown. Much of the global power sector's emissions growth in recent decades has come from Asia, particularly China, which is now the biggest emitter from electricity generation by far.

Colombia CO: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data was reported at 26.910 % in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 26.598 % for 2013. Colombia CO: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data is updated yearly, averaging 25.565 % from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2014, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30.002 % in 2009 and a record low of 19.371 % in 1975. Colombia CO: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Gas Emissions and Air Pollution. CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and 'other' sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.;IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics), subject to https://www.iea.org/terms/;Weighted average;Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.

Germany DE: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data was reported at 48.467 % in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 48.449 % for 2013. Germany DE: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data is updated yearly, averaging 43.923 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2014, with 55 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.182 % in 2007 and a record low of 32.846 % in 1963. Germany DE: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Gas Emissions and Air Pollution. CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and 'other' sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.;IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics), subject to https://www.iea.org/terms/;Weighted average;Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.

As of 2018, fossil fuels dominated the fuel mix for primary and final energy, electricity generation, and carbon dioxide emissions worldwide. Around 40.6 percent of the final energy consumption globally was sourced from oil in that year, while renewable energies accounted for just one percent.

The global power industry was by far the biggest contributor to global carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in 2023, accounting for roughly ** percent. The transportation sector was responsible for the second-largest share of global CO₂ emissions that year, at just over ** percent. Growth of global power sector emissions Global power sector CO₂ emissions increased by *** percent in 2023 from the previous year. Emissions from the sector have risen by roughly ** percent since the turn of the century and now average more than ** billion metric tons (GtCO₂e) per year. Who is the largest power sector emitter? As the world’s largest electricity consumer, China is also the biggest contributor to global power sector emissions by far. In 2023, China produced more than *** GtCO₂ from electricity generation - the majority of which was produced by coal-fired power plants. That year, coal power accounted for more than one-third of global electricity generation.

Belgium BE: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data was reported at 25.847 % in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 25.407 % for 2013. Belgium BE: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data is updated yearly, averaging 28.444 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2014, with 55 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34.634 % in 1981 and a record low of 25.004 % in 1970. Belgium BE: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belgium – Table BE.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Gas Emissions and Air Pollution. CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and 'other' sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.;IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics), subject to https://www.iea.org/terms/;Weighted average;Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.

This statistic displays the emission intensity from electricity generation worldwide in 2016, with an estimate for 2017 and forecast figures for 2025 to 2040. By 2040, the emission intensity from global electricity generation is expected to reach around 315 grams of carbon dioxide per kilowatt hour.

Cambodia KH: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data was reported at 19.836 % in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.934 % for 2013. Cambodia KH: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data is updated yearly, averaging 19.612 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2014, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33.705 % in 2007 and a record low of 10.884 % in 1995. Cambodia KH: CO2 Emissions from Electricity and Heat Production: % of Total Fuel Combustion data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cambodia – Table KH.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Gas Emissions and Air Pollution. CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and 'other' sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.;IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2014 (https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics), subject to https://www.iea.org/terms/;Weighted average;Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.

Coal-fired electricity generation has emitted, on average, *** million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO₂e) every month since January 1, 2020. This is more than double the United Kingdom's total carbon dioxide emissions in 2023. In comparison, natural gas-fired electricity produced an average of *** MtCO₂e per month during this period.The lowest monthly emissions from coal, gas, and other fossil power generation over the past three years were recorded in April 2020 during peak COVID-19-related lockdowns.

Total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions amounted to **** billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO₂e) in 2023 (including LULUCF). The largest overall contributor to global GHG emissions that year was power generation, with ** percent. The majority of power sector emissions come from coal-fired power plants. Largest CO₂ polluting sectors The power sector was the largest contributor to global CO₂ emissions in 2023, accounting for nearly ** percent of the total emissions. Combined with transportation, these two sectors were responsible for almost ** percent of global CO₂ emissions that year. CO₂ accounts for roughly three-quarters of total greenhouse gas emissions. World's largest emitters China accounted for ** percent of global GHG emissions in 2023, making it the world's largest emitter. China's share of global GHG emissions was equal to the combined contributions of the U.S., EU-27, India, and Russia in 2023.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Electricity Generation market size will be USD 2154.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.80% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 861.68 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 646.26 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 495.47 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.8% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 107.71 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 43.08 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.5% from 2024 to 2031.
Thermal Generation is the market leader in the Electricity Generation industry

Market Dynamics of Electricity Generation Market

Key Drivers for Electricity Generation Market

Rising need for cooling boosts the electricity generation market: The increased demand for cooling is projected to drive the electricity generating market in the future years. Cooling is the process of lowering the temperature of an object or environment, which is usually accomplished by transporting heat away from the intended location, typically utilizing air or a cooling medium. Power generation can be utilized to cool by running air conditioning (AC) and fans to keep indoor temperatures comfortable. For instance, According to the International Energy Agency, an autonomous intergovernmental body located in France, in July 2023, more than 90% of households in the United States and Japan had an air conditioner. Cooling accounts for around 10% of global electricity use. In warmer countries, this might result in a more than 50% increase in power demand during the summer months. As a result, increased demand for cooling is likely to drive expansion in the power generating industry.

Increasing applications of electricity in the transportation industry: The growing use of energy in the transportation industry is predicted to increase demand for electricity, hence pushing the power generation market. The electrification of railways in underdeveloped and developing countries, the establishment of public transportation networks such as rapid metro transit systems, and the growing use of electric vehicles in developed countries will all create significant market opportunities for power generation companies. For instance, in order to achieve net-zero carbon emissions, the Office of Rail and Road (ORR) predicts that 13,000 track kilometers - or roughly 450 km per year - of track in the UK will need to be electrified by 2050, with 179 km electrified between 2020 and 2021. According to the Edison Electric Institute (EEl), yearly electric car sales in the United States are estimated to exceed 1.2 million by 2025. Electric vehicles are projected to account for 9% of worldwide electricity demand by 2050.

Restraint Factor for the Electricity Generation Market

High initial capital investment for renewable projects: The high initial capital for renewable projects is indeed a limiting factor for the market growth of the electricity generation sector, as most such technologies, infrastructure, and installation depend on significant up-front funding. For instance, most renewable energy technologies are highly capital intensive-solar, and wind, in particular, scares investors away from taking action, especially if they are small or developing firms. There is thus an economic limitation that restricts competition and contributes toward slower development of cleaner energy solutions. Moreover, funding can be quite tricky and challenging-especially for a poor economic climate. The payback times attached to these investment options are long, leading to uncertainty and making stakeholders reluctant to commit. These financial constraints are, therefore, blighting the transition to renewable energy as well as, more broadly, the overall electricity generation market

Trends for the Ele...

CO2 emissions from electricity production (%) of Norway went up by 4.77% from 34.8 % in 2013 to 36.5 % in 2014. Since the 1.11% downward trend in 2012, CO2 emissions from electricity production (%) declined by 0.15% in 2014. CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.

CO2 emissions from electricity production (%) of Greece slipped by 3.68% from 60.3 % in 2013 to 58.1 % in 2014. Since the 8.12% surge in 2012, CO2 emissions from electricity production (%) declined by 2.47% in 2014. CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.

CO2 emissions from electricity production (%) of Germany went up by 0.04% from 48.4 % in 2013 to 48.5 % in 2014. Since the 0.81% downward trend in 2009, CO2 emissions from electricity production (%) improved by 1.68% in 2014. CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.

CO2 emissions from electricity production (%) of Ireland went up by 0.05% from 33.7 % in 2013 to 33.7 % in 2014. Since the 0.13% downward trend in 2009, CO2 emissions from electricity production (%) improved by 1.80% in 2014. CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.