Introduction

This study reproduces the results of the article Relationship of gender differences in preferences to economic development and gender equality (DOI: 10.1126/science.aas9899) and partially its supplementary material.

The code for the analysis can be found at the following GitHub page: https://github.com/scerioli/Global-Preferences-Survey

Preparation of the data

Data Collection, Cleaning, and Standardization

The data used in the Falk & Hermle 2018 is not fully available because of two reasons:

1. Data paywall: Some part of the data is not available for free. It requires to pay a fee to the Gallup to access them. This is the case for the additional data set that is used in the article, for instance, the one that contains the education level and the household income quintile. Check the website of the briq - Institute on Behavior & Inequality for more information on it.

2. Data used in study is not available online: This is what happened for the LogGDP p/c calculated in 2005 US dollars (which is not directly available online). We decided to calculate the LogGDP p/c in 2010 US dollars because it was easily available, which should not change the main findings of the article.

Global Preferences Survey

This data is protected by copyright and cannot be given to third parties.

To download the GPS data set, go to the website of the Global Preferences Survey in the section "downloads". There, choose the "Dataset" form and after filling it, we can download the data set.

Hint: The organisation can be also "private".

The following two relevant papers have to be also cited in all publications that make use of or refer in any kind to GPS dataset:

• Falk, A., Becker, A., Dohmen, T., Enke, B., Huffman, D., & Sunde, U. (2018). Global evidence on economic preferences. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133 (4), 1645–1692.

• Falk, A., Becker, A., Dohmen, T. J., Huffman, D., & Sunde, U. (2016). The preference survey module: A validated instrument for measuring risk, time, and social preferences. IZA Discussion Paper No. 9674.

GDP per capita

From the website of the World Bank, one can access the data about the GDP per capita on a certain set of years. We took the GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$), made an average of the data from 2003 until 2012 for all the available countries, and matched the names of the countries with the ones from the GPS data set.

Gender Equality Index

The Gender Equality Index is composed of four main data sets.

• Time since women’s suffrage: Taken from the Inter-Parliamentary Union Website. We prepared the data in the following way. For several countries more than one date where provided (for example, the right to be elected and the right to vote). We use the last date when both vote and stand for election right were granted, with no other restrictions commented. Some counties were a colony or within union of the countries (for instance, Kazakhstan in Soviet Union). For these countries, the rights to vote and be elected might be technically granted two times within union and as independent state. In this case we kept the first date. It was difficult to decide on South Africa because its history shows the racism part very entangled with women's rights. We kept the latest date when also Black women could vote. For Nigeria, considered the distinctions between North and South, we decided to keep only the North data because, again, it was showing the completeness of the country and it was the last date. Note: USA data doesn't take into account that also up to 1964 black women couldn't vote (in general, Blacks couldn't vote up to that year). We didn’t keep this date, because it was not explicitly mentioned in the original data set. This is in contrast with other choices made, but it is important to reproduce exactly the results of the publication, and the USA is often easy to spot on the plots.

• UN Gender Inequality Index: Taken from the Human Development Report 2015. We kept only the table called "Gender Inequality Index".

• WEF Global Gender Gap: WEF Global Gender Gap Index Taken from the World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Report 2015. For countries where data were missing, data was added from the World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Report 2006. We modified some of the country names directly in the csv file, that is why we provide it as an input file.

• Ratio of female and male labour force participation: Average International Labour Organization estimates from 2003 to 2012 taken from the World Bank database (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FM.ZS). Values were inverted to create an index of equality. We took the average for the period between 2004 and 2013.

In our extended analysis, we also involved the following index:

• United Nations Development Programme Gender Development Index taken from Human Development Reports 2020. Note that we have downloaded the two tables of the Human Development Index for males and females, and used the ratio of the two as a GDI index, as described in the report.

This dataset contains answers of a paper-based survey among 52 commercial German fishers in March and April 2023. The data contains answers to an incentivized risk-taking task, an incentivized pool-choice dilemma task, general questions on the state of fisheries, general socio-economic information of participants, and stated economic preferences following the Global Preference Survey.

Regression analysis of pitchers’ risk preference (uncertainty avoidance) and altruism (collectivism) by RE models.

Descriptive statistics of American players and foreign players.

Specifically, player data on salaries, personal characteristics, and performance can be cited from Baseball-Reference.com. The CD, which is based on Hofstede’s six-dimension composite cultural indicator between players’ country of birth and the US, can be cited from hofstede-insights.com. (ZIP)

Abstract

The Survey on Interest Rate Controls 2020 was conducted as a World Bank Group study on interest rate controls (IRCs) in lending and deposit markets around the world. The study aims to identify the different types of formal (or de jure) controls, the countries that apply then, how they implement them, and the reasons for doing so. The objective of the study is to advance knowledge on this topic by providing an evidence base for investigating the impact of IRCs on economic outcomes.

The survey investigates present IRCs in each surveyed country, the reasons why they have been applied, the framework and resources associated with their application and the details as to their level and functioning. The focus is on legal forms of control (i.e. codified into law) as opposed to de facto controls. The new database on interest rate controls, a popular form of financial repression is based on a survey of 108 countries, representing 88 percent of global gross domestic product. The interest rate controls presented in this dataset were in effect in 2019.

Geographic coverage

Global Survey, covering 108 countries, representing 88 percent of global GDP.

Analysis unit

Regulation at the national level.

Universe

Banking supervisors and Local Banking Associations.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

Bank supervisors and banking associations were provided with a standard excel file with five parts. The survey was structured in five parts, each placed in a different excel sheet. Part A: Introduction. Countries with no IRCs in place were asked to only answer this sheet and leave the rest blank. Part B: Presented the definitions of controls, institutions, products and additional aspects that will be covered in the survey. Part C: Introduced a set of qualitative questions to describe the IRCs in place. Part D: Displayed a set of tables to quantitatively describe the IRCs in place. Part E: Laid out the final set of questions, covering sanctions and control mechanisms that support the IRCs' enforcement. The questionnaire is provided in the Documentation section in pdf and excel.

The current dataset is a subset of a large data collection based on a purpose-built survey conducted in seven middle-income countries in the Global South: Chile, Colombia, India, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, South Africa and Vietnam. The purpose of the collected variables in the present dataset aims to understanding public preferences as a critical way to any effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There are many studies of public preferences regarding climate change in the Global North. However, survey work in low and middle-income countries is limited. Survey work facilitating cross-country comparisons not using the major omnibus surveys is relatively rare.
We designed the Environment for Development (EfD) Seven-country Global South Climate Survey (the EfD Survey) which collected information on respondents’ knowledge about climate change, the information sources that respondents rely on, and opinions on climate policy. The EfD survey contains a battery of well-known climate knowledge questions and questions concerning the attention to and degree of trust in various sources for climate information. Respondents faced several ranking tasks using a best-worst elicitation format. This approach offers greater robustness to cultural differences in how questions are answered than the Likert-scale questions commonly asked in omnibus surveys. We examine: (a) priorities for spending in thirteen policy areas including climate and COVID-19, (b) how respiratory diseases due to air pollution rank relative to six other health problems, (c) agreement with ten statements characterizing various aspects of climate policies, and (d) prioritization of uses for carbon tax revenue. The company YouGov collected data for the EfD Survey in 2023 from 8400 respondents, 1200 in each country. It supplements an earlier survey wave (administered a year earlier) that focused on COVID-19. Respondents were drawn from YouGov’s online panels. During the COVID-19 pandemic almost all surveys were conducted online. This has advantages and disadvantages. Online survey administration reduces costs and data collection times and allows for experimental designs assigning different survey stimuli. With substantial incentive payments, high response rates within the sampling frame are achievable and such incentivized respondents are hopefully motivated to carefully answer the questions posed. The main disadvantage is that the sampling frame is comprised of the internet-enabled portion of the population in each country (e.g., with computers, mobile phones, and tablets). This sample systematically underrepresents those with lower incomes and living in rural areas. This large segment of the population is, however, of considerable interest in its own right due to its exposure to online media and outsized influence on public opinion. The data includes respondents’ preferences for climate change mitigation policies and competing policy issues like health. The data also includes questions such as how respondents think revenues from carbon taxes should be used. The outcome provide important information for policymakers to understand, evaluate, and shape national climate policies. It is worth noting that the data from Tanzania is only present in Wave 1 and that the data from Chile is only present in Wave 2.

WAS: Effective Rate: FRM 30-Year data was reported at 5.290 % in 16 Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.330 % for 09 Nov 2018. WAS: Effective Rate: FRM 30-Year data is updated weekly, averaging 6.460 % from Jan 1990 (Median) to 16 Nov 2018, with 1507 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.070 % in 27 Apr 1990 and a record low of 3.570 % in 07 Dec 2012. WAS: Effective Rate: FRM 30-Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Mortgage Bankers Association. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.M013: Weekly Applications Survey: Mortgage Interest Rate.

WAS: Total Points: FHA 203: 1-Wk Change data was reported at 0.040 Point in 20 Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.060 Point for 13 Jul 2018. WAS: Total Points: FHA 203: 1-Wk Change data is updated weekly, averaging 0.000 Point from Jan 1990 (Median) to 20 Jul 2018, with 1489 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.960 Point in 23 Nov 1990 and a record low of -2.250 Point in 07 Sep 1990. WAS: Total Points: FHA 203: 1-Wk Change data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Mortgage Bankers Association. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.M013: Weekly Applications Survey: Mortgage Interest Rate.

This report provides a summary of flavor and fragrance preferences across key product categories in the 2019 Q4 global consumer survey. It identifies how consumer attitudes and approaches to food differ by a number of metrics, including age, region, and gender. Read More

For this survey, opinions were sought from respondents across Europe and the United States on several topics of national and international interest. These topics included: (1) the European Union (EU) and the United States as superpowers, threats facing the global community, (2) the United Nations (UN), (3) the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), (4) general opinions of various countries, institutions, and people, (5) actions taken by the George W. Bush Administration, (6) intervention policy, (7) Turkey's (potential) membership in the EU, (8) Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons, (9) China's human rights record, and (10) political preferences and voter intentions. Regarding the EU and the United States as superpowers, respondents were asked whether it was desirable for the EU or the United States to exert strong leadership in the world, whether the EU or the United States or neither should be superpowers, if the motive for opposing the EU becoming a superpower was increased military expenditure, whether increased military expenditure was necessary for the EU to become a superpower, whether the EU should concentrate on becoming an economic power, and if a more powerful EU should cooperate with the United States. Respondents were asked about threats facing the world such as Islamic fundamentalism, immigration, international terrorism, global warming, the spread of diseases such as AIDS, a major economic downturn, and the spread of nuclear weapons, and whether they expected to be affected by any of them in the next ten years. With respect to the United Nations, respondents were asked their overall opinion of the UN, whether they believed UN involvement legitimized the use of military force, whether the UN could help manage the world's problems better than a single country could, and whether the UN helps to distribute the costs of international actions. Regarding the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), respondents were asked whether NATO could help share the United States military burden, whether NATO was an essential part of national security, if NATO involvement legitimized the use of military force, if NATO was dominated by the United States, and whether Europe should maintain a defensive alliance independent of the United States. Respondents were asked to give their opinions on the following countries, institutions, and population groups: the United States, Russia, Israel, the European Union, Palestinians, Italy, Turkey, China, Iran, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Spain. In regard to the Bush Administration, respondents were asked whether relations between the United States and Europe were better or worse, whether Bush's efforts to improve relations between the United States and Europe were successful, what the future of relations between the United States and Europe would be because of Bush's efforts, and whether or not Europe should be more independent from the United States with respect to issues of security and diplomacy. Respondents were also asked whether they approved of Bush's handling of international policies. With respect to intervention policy, the following questions were asked: should the EU help establish democracies, should the EU be involved in monitoring elections, would the respondent be in favor of the EU supporting trade unions, human rights associations, and religious groups in an effort to promote freedom, and should the EU support political dissidents and impose political and economic sanctions in opposition to an authoritarian regime. Respondents were asked several questions regarding Turkey's membership in the EU, including whether Turkey's membership in the EU could help promote peace and stability in the Middle East, if Turkey's membership in the EU would be good for the EU in economic terms, whether a predominately Muslim country belonged in the EU, if Turkey was too populous to become a member of the EU, and whether Turkey was too poor to be admitted into the EU. Respondents were also asked what they felt was the best way to put pressure on Iran in light of its attempts to acquire nuclear weapons and whether or not the EU should limit its relations with China due to China's human rights violations. Respondents were also asked about their voting intentions for the next elections and what factors they took into consideration when deciding for which party to vote. The dat

The statistic shows the distribution of users potential preference for a voice assistants over a website or application worldwide, as of November 2017. According to the survey, 52 percent of respondents indicated that they would prefer a voice assistant to a website or app due to its convenience and 48 percent of respondents reported that voice assistants could allow them to multi-task or work hands free.

Estimation of salary premium of MLB players with different nationalities.

Consumer preference for online shopping varies greatly per product category. When it came to holidays and entertainment purchases, ** percent of respondents to a global 2023 survey preferred to shop online vs. offline. The most popular FMCG category for online shopping was tech, as ** percent of consumers preferred to shop consumer electronics online.

This page contains replication data and analysis as well as supplementary materials for "Firm’s Source Country or Project Characteristics? Survey Experiments on Preferences for Chinese Investment in the Global South," published in The Chinese Journal of International Politics. Full supplementary materials can be found in the Word file: "SourceCountryProjectCharacteristics_SupplementaryMaterials" Raw survey data for use in Stata can be found in the data file: "SourceCountryProjectCharacteristics_CleanData.dta" The Stata analysis file "SourceCountryProjectCharacteristics_Reshaping.do" cleans and reshapes this raw data for use in conjoint analysis, creating the data file "SourceCountryProjectCharacteristics_ReshapedData.dta" The Stata analysis file "SourceCountryProjectCharacteristics_Analysis.do" uses the two data files to conduct all the analysis found in the article and supplementary materials.

A July 2023 survey broke down the preference of global travelers to visit city destinations by generation. Overall, Baby Boomers reported the highest preference for such destinations, with 62 percent of the sample preferring to visit cities. By contrast, Gen X travelers recorded the lowest figure, at 39 percent.

WAS: Contract Rate: 5-Year ARM data was reported at 4.290 % in 23 Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.240 % for 16 Nov 2018. WAS: Contract Rate: 5-Year ARM data is updated weekly, averaging 3.130 % from Jan 2011 (Median) to 23 Nov 2018, with 411 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.470 % in 19 Oct 2018 and a record low of 2.530 % in 03 May 2013. WAS: Contract Rate: 5-Year ARM data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Mortgage Bankers Association. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.M013: Weekly Applications Survey: Mortgage Interest Rate.

Based on the longitudinal data of 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) teams over seasons from 2017 to 2020, we used random effect (RE) models to conduct regression analyses on the detailed data of pitchers and fielders. Cultural distance (CD) was measured in terms of Hofstede’s cultural indicators and Global Preference Survey (GPS) data. The results showed that salary premiums for foreign MLB players existed and CD was significantly positively correlated with salaries. Further, the risk preference (/altruism) difference between foreign pitchers and American pitchers was significantly positively (/negatively) correlated with the salaries of foreign pitchers. Salary estimation data showed that the salary premium was nearly 20% for players from South Korea and Panama, the lowest (only 0.11%) for players from Australia, and only 6.13% for players from Dominican Republic (accounting for the largest proportion of foreign MLB players), indicating that the MLB’s foreign player recruitment policy is correct.

The Chicago Council Surveys are part of a long-running series of public opinion surveys conducted by The Chicago Council on Global Affairs beginning in 1974. They were conducted quadrennially from 1974 to 2002, biennially from 2002 to 2014, and are now conducted annually. The surveys are designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public on matters related to foreign policy, and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. This public opinion study of the United States focused on respondents' opinions of the United States' leadership role in the world and the challenges the country faces domestically and internationally. Data were collected on a wide range of international topics, including: United States' relations with other countries, role in foreign affairs, possible threats to vital interests in the next ten years, foreign policy goals, situations that might justify the use of United States troops in other parts of the world, international trade, United States' participation in potential treaties, U.S. policy towards Russia in Ukraine, the embargo on Cuba and the effects of renewed diplomatic relations with Havana, views of the nuclear deal with Iran and what effects that deal is likely to have, and United States' relations with allies in Asia. Respondents were also asked their opinion on domestic issues including climate change, measures to improve the United States' economic competitiveness, and their views on US immigration policy. Demographic information collected includes age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, left-right political self-placement, political affiliation, employment status, highest level of education, and religious preference, household income, state of residence, and living quarters ownership status.

During the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a worldwide survey was conducted from July to August 2020 to determine which contactless options hotel guests preferred to use for check-in and check-out, as opposed to the traditional reception desk procedure. The contactless options given were hotel apps, webpages, and public kiosks. The results of the survey indicated that a majority of respondents, 62 percent, preferred to check-in and check-out using a hotel app. Meanwhile, 30 percent preferred to use a website, leaving only eight percent of respondents who preferred to use a public kiosk.