Argentina: Political globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 89.85 points, a decline from 91 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 63.95 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Argentina from 1970 to 2022 is 82.48 points. The minimum value, 67.84 points, was reached in 1989 while the maximum of 92.47 points was recorded in 2012.

Ecuador: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 59.8 points, a decline from 60 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Ecuador from 1970 to 2022 is 51.67 points. The minimum value, 39.6 points, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 62.08 points was recorded in 2013.

Finland: Economic globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 84.36 points, an increase from 83 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 59.16 points, based on data from 184 countries. Historically, the average for Finland from 1970 to 2022 is 69.36 points. The minimum value, 44.06 points, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 84.36 points was recorded in 2022.

Slovakia: Economic globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 81.16 points, an increase from 81 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 59.16 points, based on data from 184 countries. Historically, the average for Slovakia from 1993 to 2022 is 71.06 points. The minimum value, 48.1 points, was reached in 1995 while the maximum of 83.07 points was recorded in 2017.

Austria: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 87.6 points, a decline from 89 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Austria from 1970 to 2022 is 80.44 points. The minimum value, 65.48 points, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 89.44 points was recorded in 2014.

Estonia: Economic globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 85.96 points, a decline from 87 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 59.16 points, based on data from 184 countries. Historically, the average for Estonia from 1991 to 2022 is 82.08 points. The minimum value, 60.85 points, was reached in 1991 while the maximum of 87 points was recorded in 2021.

Guinea: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 48.1 points, a decline from 49 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Guinea from 1970 to 2022 is 35.84 points. The minimum value, 25.43 points, was reached in 1972 while the maximum of 51 points was recorded in 2020.

Greece: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 83.87 points, a decline from 84 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Greece from 1970 to 2022 is 68.18 points. The minimum value, 49.01 points, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 84 points was recorded in 2021.

Honduras: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 60.19 points, an increase from 60 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Honduras from 1970 to 2022 is 48.5 points. The minimum value, 33.72 points, was reached in 1989 while the maximum of 63.93 points was recorded in 2008.

Turkey: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 70.51 points, an increase from 70 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Turkey from 1970 to 2022 is 57.39 points. The minimum value, 40.15 points, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 72.12 points was recorded in 2014.

Georgia: Economic globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 79.66 points, an increase from 79 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 59.16 points, based on data from 184 countries. Historically, the average for Georgia from 1991 to 2022 is 64.88 points. The minimum value, 36.53 points, was reached in 1992 while the maximum of 82.02 points was recorded in 2017.

Benin: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 48.86 points, a decline from 50 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Benin from 1970 to 2022 is 37.68 points. The minimum value, 21.73 points, was reached in 1971 while the maximum of 52.92 points was recorded in 2013.

Slovakia: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 81.96 points, a decline from 83 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Slovakia from 1993 to 2022 is 75.86 points. The minimum value, 57.08 points, was reached in 1993 while the maximum of 83.7 points was recorded in 2017.

Iceland: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 70.63 points, a decline from 71 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Iceland from 1970 to 2022 is 63.78 points. The minimum value, 49.11 points, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 76.19 points was recorded in 2008.

In the 2023 edition of the globalization index, Switzerland had the highest index score at 90.75. Belgium followed behind, with the Netherlands in third. Overall, globalization declined in 2020 due to the COVID-19 outbreak, but increased somewhat in 2021, even though it was still below pre-pandemic levels.

About the index

The KOF Index of Globalization aims to measure the rate of globalization in countries around the world. Data used to construct the 2023 edition of the index was from 2021. The index is based on three dimensions, or core sets of indicators: economic, social, and political. Via these three dimensions, the overall index of globalization tries to assess current economic flows, economic restrictions, data on information flows, data on personal contact, and data on cultural proximity within surveyed countries.

Defining globalization

Globalization is defined for this index as the process of creating networks of connections among actors at multi-continental distances, mediated through a variety of flows including people, information and ideas, capital and goods. It is a process that erodes national boundaries, integrates national economies, cultures, technologies and governance and produces complex relations of mutual interdependence.

Australia: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 79.57 points, a decline from 80 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Australia from 1970 to 2022 is 72.04 points. The minimum value, 56.99 points, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 82.05 points was recorded in 2017.

Chad: Political globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 58.09 points, a decline from 59 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 63.95 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Chad from 1970 to 2022 is 42.22 points. The minimum value, 26.27 points, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 59.3 points was recorded in 2018.

Trinidad and Tobago: Economic globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 61.49 points, an increase from 57 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 59.16 points, based on data from 184 countries. Historically, the average for Trinidad and Tobago from 1970 to 2022 is 55.73 points. The minimum value, 42.93 points, was reached in 1984 while the maximum of 70.84 points was recorded in 2012.

Latvia: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 76.54 points, a decline from 77 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Latvia from 1990 to 2022 is 67.01 points. The minimum value, 43.07 points, was reached in 1991 while the maximum of 80.3 points was recorded in 2017.

Egypt: Globalization index (0-100): The latest value from 2022 is 65.56 points, a decline from 66 points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 61.23 points, based on data from 190 countries. Historically, the average for Egypt from 1970 to 2022 is 55.87 points. The minimum value, 35.04 points, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 68.77 points was recorded in 2008.