GODAE, SFCOBS - Surface Temperature Observations: Ship, fixed/drifting buoy, and CMAN in-situ surface temperature. Global Telecommunication System (GTS) Data. The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) is a practical demonstration of near-real-time, global ocean data assimilation that provides, regular, complete descriptions of the temperature, salinity and velocity structures of the ocean in support of operational oceanography, seasonal-to-decadal climate forecasts and analyses, and oceanographic research. The GODAE Monterey Server, sponsored mainly by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), is intended to be a principal node in the GODAE architecture.

Validation results of 7 international Ocean forecasting systems in the period 2018-2021 in the Arctic.

GODAE OceanView (www.godae-oceanview.org/) operational ocean forecasting model intercomparison.

Link Function: information

Near-real-time 48-hour weather forecasts from the new CeNCOOS COAMPS model run (August 2013 - Present). For older data, look at the COAMPS Forecast [2012 - 2013] layer. The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System, developed and run by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Monterey, CA, is a numerical weather prediction model. This model run has a resolution of 4km and covers the coastal ocean from Oregon to Mexico. Variables available in the CeNCOOS data portal include: Total Precipitation, Visibility, Cloudbase, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity and Wind. Other atmospheric variables and additional altitude layers are available through the GODAE server ie. heat flux, sea level pressure, vorticity, geopotential height. More information: CeNCOOS COAMPS page: http://www.cencoos.org/sections/models/coamps/ NRL COAMPS page: http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/coamps-web/web/cencoos GODAE server: http://www.usgodae.org/pub/outgoing/fnmoc/models/coamps/calif/cencoos/

Near-real-time 48-hour weather forecasts from the new CeNCOOS COAMPS model run (August 2013 - Present). For older data, look at the COAMPS Forecast [2012 - 2013] layer. The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System, developed and run by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Monterey, CA, is a numerical weather prediction model. This model run has a resolution of 4km and covers the coastal ocean from Oregon to Mexico. Variables available in the CeNCOOS data portal include: Total Precipitation, Visibility, Cloudbase, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, sea level pressure and Wind. Other atmospheric variables and additional altitude layers are available through the GODAE server ie. heat flux, vorticity, geopotential height. More information: CeNCOOS COAMPS page: http://www.cencoos.org/sections/models/coamps/ NRL COAMPS page: http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/coamps-web/web/cencoos GODAE server: http://www.usgodae.org/pub/outgoing/fnmoc/models/coamps/calif/cencoos/

Map Information

This nowCOAST time-enabled map service provides maps depicting the latest global forecast guidance of water currents, water temperature, and salinity at forecast projections: 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96-hours from the NWS/NCEP Global Real-Time Ocean Forecast System (GRTOFS). The surface water currents velocity maps displays the direction using white or black streaklets. The magnitude of the current is indicated by the length and width of the streaklet. The maps of the GRTOFS surface forecast guidance are updated on the nowCOAST map service once per day. For more detailed information about the update schedule, see: http://new.nowcoast.noaa.gov/help/#section=updateschedule

Background Information

GRTOFS is based on the Hybrid Coordinates Ocean Model (HYCOM), an eddy resolving, hybrid coordinate numerical ocean prediction model. GRTOFS has global coverge and a horizontal resolution of 1/12 degree and 32 hybrid vertical layers. It has one forecast cycle per day (i.e. 0000 UTC) which generates forecast guidance out to 144 hours (6 days). However, nowCOAST only provides guidance out to 96 hours (4 days). The forecast cycle uses 3-hourly momentum and radiation fluxes along with precipitation predictions from the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS). Each forecast cycle is preceded with a 48-hr long nowcast cycle.
The nowcast cycle uses daily initial 3-D fields from the NAVOCEANO operational HYCOM-based forecast system which assimilates situ profiles of temperature and salinity from a variety of sources and remotely sensed SST, SSH and sea-ice concentrations. GRTOFS was developed by NCEP/EMC/Marine Modeling and Analysis Programs. GRTOFS is run once per day (0000 UTC forecast cycle) on the NOAA Weather and Climate Operational Supercomputer System (WCOSS) operated by NWS/NCEP Central Operations.

The maps are generated using a visualization technique was developed by the Data Visualization Research Lab at The University of New Hampshire Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (http://www.ccom.unh.edu/vislab/). The method combines two techniques. First, equally spaced streamlines are computed in the flow field using Jobard and Lefer's (1977) algorithm. Second, a series of "streaklets" are rendered head to tail along each streamline to show the direction of flow. Each of these varies along its length in size, color and transparency using a method developed by Fowler and Ware (1989), and later refined by Mr. Pete Mitchell and Dr. Colin Ware (Mitchell, 2007).

Time Information

This map is time-enabled, meaning that each individual layer contains time-varying data and can be utilized by clients capable of making map requests that include a time component.

This particular service can be queried with or without the use of a time component. If the time parameter is specified in a request, the data or imagery most relevant to the provided time value, if any, will be returned. If the time parameter is not specified in a request, the latest data or imagery valid for the present system time will be returned to the client. If the time parameter is not specified and no data or imagery is available for the present time, no data will be returned.

In addition to ArcGIS Server REST access, time-enabled OGC WMS 1.3.0 access is also provided by this service.

Due to software limitations, the time extent of the service and map layers displayed below does not provide the most up-to-date start and end times of available data. Instead, users have three options for determining the latest time information about the service:

Issue a returnUpdates=true request for an individual layer or for
the service itself, which will return the current start and end times of
available data, in epoch time format (milliseconds since 00:00 January 1,
1970). To see an example, click on the "Return Updates" link at the bottom of
this page under "Supported Operations". Refer to the
ArcGIS REST API Map Service Documentation
for more information.


  Issue an Identify (ArcGIS REST) or GetFeatureInfo (WMS) request against
  the proper layer corresponding with the target dataset. For raster
  data, this would be the "Image Footprints with Time Attributes" layer
  in the same group as the target "Image" layer being displayed. For
  vector (point, line, or polygon) data, the target layer can be queried
  directly. In either case, the attributes returned for the matching
  raster(s) or vector feature(s) will include the following:


      validtime: Valid timestamp.


      starttime: Display start time.


      endtime: Display end time.


      reftime: Reference time (sometimes reffered to as
      issuance time, cycle time, or initialization time).


      projmins: Number of minutes from reference time to valid
      time.


      desigreftime: Designated reference time; used as a
      common reference time for all items when individual reference
      times do not match.


      desigprojmins: Number of minutes from designated
      reference time to valid time.




  Query the nowCOAST LayerInfo web service, which has been created to
  provide additional information about each data layer in a service,
  including a list of all available "time stops" (i.e. "valid times"),
  individual timestamps, or the valid time of a layer's latest available
  data (i.e. "Product Time"). For more information about the LayerInfo
  web service, including examples of various types of requests, refer to
  the nowCOAST help documentation at:
  http://new.nowcoast.noaa.gov/help/#section=layerinfo

References

Fowler, D. and C. Ware, 1989: Strokes for Representing Vector Field Maps. Proceedings: Graphics Interface '98 249-253. Jobard, B and W. Lefer,1977: Creating evenly spaced streamlines of arbitrary density. Proceedings: Eurographics workshop on Visualization in Scientific Computing. 43-55. Mitchell, P.W., 2007: The Perceptual optimization of 2D Flow Visualizations Using Human in the Loop Local Hill Climbing. University of New Hampshire Masters Thesis. Department of Computer Science. NWS, 2013: About Global RTOFS, NCEP/EMC/MMAB, College Park, MD (Available at http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/global/about/). Chassignet, E.P., H.E. Hurlburt, E.J. Metzger, O.M. Smedstad, J. Cummings, G.R. Halliwell, R. Bleck, R. Baraille, A.J. Wallcraft, C. Lozano, H.L. Tolman, A. Srinivasan, S. Hankin, P. Cornillon, R. Weisberg, A. Barth, R. He, F. Werner, and J. Wilkin, 2009: U.S. GODAE: Global Ocean Prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Oceanography, 22(2), 64-75. Mehra, A, I. Rivin, H. Tolman, T. Spindler, and B. Balasubramaniyan, 2011: A Real-Time Operational Global Ocean Forecast System, Poster, GODAE OceanView –GSOP-CLIVAR Workshop in Observing System Evaluation and Intercomparisons, Santa Cruz, CA.

A broad-scale global array of temperature/salinity profiling floats, known as Argo, is planned as a major component of the ocean observing system, with deployment scheduled to begin in 2000. Conceptually, Argo builds on the existing upper-ocean thermal networks, extending their spatial and temporal coverage, depth range and accuracy, and enhancing them through addition of salinity and velocity measurements. The name Argo is chosen to emphasize the strong complementary relationship of the global float array with the Jason altimeter mission. For the first time, the physical state of the upper ocean will be systematically measured and assimilated in near real-time.

                   Objectives of Argo fall into several categories. Argo will provide a
                   quantitative description of the evolving state of the upper ocean and
                   the patterns of ocean climate variability, including heat and
                   freshwater storage and transport. The data will enhance the value of
                   the Jason altimeter through measurement of subsurface vertical
                   structure (T(z), S(z)) and reference velocity, with sufficient
                   coverage and resolution for interpretation of altimetric sea surface
                   height variability. Argo data will be used for initialization of
                   ocean and coupled forecast models, data assimilation and dynamical
                   model testing. A primary focus of Argo is seasonal to decadal climate
                   variability and predictability, but a wide range of applications for
                   high-quality global ocean analyses is anticipated.

                   The initial design of the Argo network is based on experience from the
                   present observing system, on newly gained knowledge of variability
                   from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter, and on estimated requirements for
                   climate and high-resolution ocean models. Argo will provide 100,000
                   T/S profiles and reference velocity measurements per year from about
                   3000 floats distributed over the global oceans at 3-degree spacing.
                   Floats will cycle to 2000 m depth every 10 days, with a 4-5 year
                   lifetime for individual instruments. All Argo data will be publicly
                   available in near real-time via the GTS, and in scientifically
                   quality-controlled form with a few months delay. Global coverage
                   should be achieved during the Global Ocean Data Assimilation
                   Experiment, which together with CLIVAR and GCOS/GOOS, provide the
                   major scientific and operational impetus for Argo. The design
                   emphasizes the need to integrate Argo within the overall framework of
                   the global ocean observing system.

                   International planning for Argo, including sampling and technical
                   issues, is coordinated by the Argo Science Team. Nations presently
                   having Argo plans that include float procurement or production include
                   Australia, Canada, France, Japan, U.K., and U.S.A., plus a European
                   Union proposal. Combined deployments from these nations are expected
                   to exceed 700 floats per year by 2002. Broad participation in Argo by
                   many nations is anticipated and encouraged either through float
                   procurement, logistical support for float deployment, or through
                   analysis and assimilation of Argo data.

                   The Argo data (in NetCDF format) are freely available from two Argo Global Data
                   Assembly Centres (GDAC): the Coriolis and US-GODAE GDAC servers. The Coriolis
                   GDAC is updated daily in real-time data from Data Assembly Centers (DAC): US
                   AOML, Canadian MEDS, Japanese JMA, EU Coriolis. The US- GODAE GDAC is
                   currently operational, serving daily data (updated every hour) from the
                   following national DACs: Australian (CSIRO), Canadian (MEDS), Indian (INCOIS),
                   Korean ( KMA), Japanese (JMA), UK (BODC), and US (AOML).

Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) consortium was established in 1998 as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) with the goal of combining a general circulation model (GCM) with diverse observations in order to produce a quantitative depiction of the time-evolving global ocean state. This dataset includes data products from the original ECCO1 project and the subsequent ECCO-GODAE (Global Data Assimilation Experiment) and GECCO (German ECCO). There are four groups of data: 1) Monthly, 10-day, daily or 12-hourly ocean model state, adjusted forcing fields and mixing coefficients 2) Observational data sets as they enter the optimization 3)Misfits between model output and available observations, as computed by the model cost/objective function 4) Past published estimates

NRL HYCOM 1/25 deg model output, Gulf of Mexico, 10.04 Expt 31.0, 2009-2014, At Surface

The HYCOM consortium is a multi-institutional effort sponsored by the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP), as part of the U. S. Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE), to develop and evaluate a data-assimilative hybrid isopycnal-sigma-pressure (generalized) coordinate ocean model (called HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model or HYCOM).

ECCO's overall goal is to bring ocean state estimation from it's experimental status to that of a practical and quasi operational tool for studying large- scale ocean dynamics, designing observational strategies, and examining the ocean's role in climate variability. Their technical goal is the sustained production and evaluation of ... continuing three-dimensional estimates of the global state of the ocean in near-real time in support programs such as GODAE and CLIVAR. The main task is to bring together a global GCM with existing global data streams - including TOPEX/POSEIDON and JASON altimeter observations and in situ hydrographic and flow measurements such as what will be available from the ARGO program - to obtain the best possible estimate of the time evolving ocean circulation and related uncertainties.

Near-real-time 48-hour weather forecasts from the new CeNCOOS COAMPS model run (August 2013 - Present). For older data, look at the COAMPS Forecast [2012 - 2013] layer. The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System, developed and run by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Monterey, CA, is a numerical weather prediction model. This model run has a resolution of 4km and covers the coastal ocean from Oregon to Mexico. Variables available in the CeNCOOS data portal include: Total Precipitation, Visibility, Cloudbase, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity and Wind. Other atmospheric variables and additional altitude layers are available through the GODAE server ie. heat flux, sea level pressure, vorticity, geopotential height. More information: CeNCOOS COAMPS page: http://www.cencoos.org/sections/models/coamps/ NRL COAMPS page: http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/coamps-web/web/cencoos GODAE server: http://www.usgodae.org/pub/outgoing/fnmoc/models/coamps/calif/cencoos/

NRL HYCOM 1/25 deg model output, Gulf of Mexico, 10.04 Expt 31.0, 2009-2014, At Depths The HYCOM consortium is a multi-institutional effort sponsored by the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP), as part of the U. S. Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE), to develop and evaluate a data-assimilative hybrid isopycnal-sigma-pressure (generalized) coordinate ocean model (called HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model or HYCOM).

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Also see summary of corresponding experiment.

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ハイブリッド座標海洋モデル（HYCOM）は、データ同化型のハイブリッド等密度-シグマ-圧力（一般化）座標海洋モデルです。EE でホストされている HYCOM データのサブセットには、塩分濃度、温度、速度、標高の変数が含まれています。80.48°S ～ 80.48°N の間で、緯度/経度 0.08 度の均一なグリッドに補間されています。塩分濃度、温度、速度の変数は、40 の標準 z レベルに内挿されています。 HYCOM コンソーシアム（National Ocean Partnership Program（NOPP）を含む）は、米国 Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment（GODAE）の一部です。 National Ocean Partnership Program、Office of Naval Research（ONR）、DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program の資金提供を受けています。 詳しくは以下をご覧ください。 hycom.org GIS StackExchange hycom Wikipedia HyCOM Wikipedia の海洋循環モデルの一覧 Wikipedia 海洋大循環モデル（OGCM）

Historical 48-hour weather forecasts from the CeNCOOS COAMPS model (MBAY) from August 2012 to September 2013. For newer data ( Aug 2013 - Present), look at the 'COAMPS Forecast' layer. The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System, (Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA) provided 48-hour weather forecasts. This model run had a resolution of 3km and covered the coastal ocean from Oregon to Pt. Conception. Variables available in the CeNCOOS data portal include: Total Precipitation, Visibility, Cloudbase, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity and Winds. Other atmospheric variables and altitude layers are available through the GODAE server ie. heat flux, sea level pressure, vorticity, geopotential height. More information: CeNCOOS COAMPS page: http://www.cencoos.org/sections/models/coamps/ NRL COAMPS page: http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/coamps-web/web/cencoos GODAE server: http://www.usgodae.org/pub/outgoing/fnmoc/models/coamps/calif/cencoos/Historical 48-hour weather forecasts from the CeNCOOS COAMPS model (MBAY) from August 2012 to September 2013. For newer data ( Aug 2013 - Present), look at the 'COAMPS Forecast' layer. The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System, (Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA) provided 48-hour weather forecasts. This model run had a resolution of 3km and covered the coastal ocean from Oregon to Pt. Conception. Variables available in the CeNCOOS data portal include: Total Precipitation, Visibility, Cloudbase, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity and Winds. Other atmospheric variables and altitude layers are available through the GODAE server ie. heat flux, sea level pressure, vorticity, geopotential height. More information: CeNCOOS COAMPS page: http://www.cencoos.org/sections/models/coamps/ NRL COAMPS page: http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/coamps-web/web/cencoos GODAE server: http://www.usgodae.org/pub/outgoing/fnmoc/models/coamps/calif/cencoos/Historical 48-hour weather forecasts from the CeNCOOS COAMPS model (MBAY) from August 2012 to September 2013. For newer data ( Aug 2013 - Present), look at the 'COAMPS Forecast' layer. The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System, (Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA) provided 48-hour weather forecasts. This model run had a resolution of 3km and covered the coastal ocean from Oregon to Pt. Conception. Variables available in the CeNCOOS data portal include: Total Precipitation, Visibility, Cloudbase, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity and Winds. Other atmospheric variables and altitude layers are available through the GODAE server ie. heat flux, sea level pressure, vorticity, geopotential height. More information: CeNCOOS COAMPS page: http://www.cencoos.org/sections/models/coamps/ NRL COAMPS page: http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/coamps-web/web/cencoos GODAE server: http://www.usgodae.org/pub/outgoing/fnmoc/models/coamps/calif/cencoos/Historical 48-hour weather forecasts from the CeNCOOS COAMPS model (MBAY) from August 2012 to September 2013. For newer data ( Aug 2013 - Present), look at the 'COAMPS Forecast' layer. The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System, (Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA) provided 48-hour weather forecasts. This model run had a resolution of 3km and covered the coastal ocean from Oregon to Pt. Conception. Variables available in the CeNCOOS data portal include: Total Precipitation, Visibility, Cloudbase, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity and Winds. Other atmospheric variables and altitude layers are available through the GODAE server ie. heat flux, sea level pressure, vorticity, geopotential height. More information: CeNCOOS COAMPS page: http://www.cencoos.org/sections/models/coamps/ NRL COAMPS page: http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/coamps-web/web/cencoos GODAE server: http://www.usgodae.org/pub/outgoing/fnmoc/models/coamps/calif/cencoos/Historical 48-hour weather forecasts from the CeNCOOS COAMPS model (MBAY) from August 2012 to September 2013. For newer data ( Aug 2013 - Present), look at the 'COAMPS Forecast' layer. The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System, (Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA) provided 48-hour weather forecasts. This model run had a resolution of 3km and covered the coastal ocean from Oregon to Pt. Conception. Variables available in the CeNCOOS data portal include: Total Precipitation, Visibility, Cloudbase, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity and Winds. Other atmospheric variables and altitude layers are available through the GODAE server ie. heat flux, sea level pressure, vorticity, geopotential height. More information: CeNCOOS COAMPS page: http://www.cencoos.org/sections/models/coamps/ NRL COAMPS page: http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/coamps-web/web/cencoos GODAE server: http://www.usgodae.org/pub/outgoing/fnmoc/models/coamps/calif/cencoos/

混合坐标海洋模型(HYCOM) 是一种数据同化混合等密度面-sigma-压力（广义）坐标海洋模型。在 EE 中托管的HYCOM 数据子集包含盐度、温度、速度和海拔高度变量。这些数据已插值到80.48°S 和 80.48°N 之间均匀的0.08 度经纬度网格中。盐度、温度和速度变量已插值到40 个标准z 级别。 HYCOM 联盟（包括美国国家海洋合作伙伴计划[NOPP]）是美国全球海洋数据同化实验(GODAE) 的一部分。 由国家海洋合作伙伴计划、海军研究办公室(ONR) 和国防部高性能计算现代化计划资助。 如需了解详情，请参阅： hycom.org GIS StackExchange hycom 维基百科HyCOM 维基百科海洋环流模型列表 维基百科海洋环流模式(OGCM)