In 2024, the budget balance in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP) in China stood at approximately -7.34 percent. Between 1982 and 2024, the figure dropped by around 7.56 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The budget balance is forecast to decline by about 0.77 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.The indicator describes the general government net lending / borrowing, which is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. The International Monetary Fund defines the general government expenditure as consisting of total expenses and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. The general government revenue consists of the revenue from taxes, social contributions, grants receivable, and other revenue.

China recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 6.50 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - China Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

China recorded a government budget surplus of 807 CNY Hundred Million in July of 2025. This dataset provides - China Government Budget Value - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about China Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• China Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 4.8 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with a deficit equal to 4.9 % in the previous quarter
• China Consolidated Fiscal Balance to GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 1995 to Dec 2024, with an average ratio of -2.0 %
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.4 % in Jun 2008 and a record low of -6.1 % in Dec 2020

CEIC calculates quarterly Consolidated Fiscal Balance as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Consolidated Fiscal Balance and quarterly Nominal GDP. The Ministry of Finance provides year-to-date Consolidated Fiscal Balance in local currency. The National Bureau of Statistics provides year-to-date Nominal GDP in local currency. Consolidated Fiscal Balance as % of Nominal GDP prior to Q4 2007 is calculated from non year-to-date Consolidated Fiscal Balance.


Further information about China Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, China National Government Debt reached 4,230.0 USD bn in Dec 2023
• China Nominal GDP reached 4,166.8 USD bn in Mar 2023

This graph shows the government budget balance as a share of GDP in China in selected years from 2000 to 2022. In 2022, China's government deficit had taken up about *** percent of the national GDP.

Key information about Hong Kong SAR (China) Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• Hong Kong SAR (China) Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 4.3 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with a deficit equal to 6.1 % in the previous quarter
• Hong Kong SAR (China) Consolidated Fiscal Balance to GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Sep 1999 to Dec 2024, with an average ratio of 1.1 %
• The data reached an all-time high of 8.4 % in Dec 2007 and a record low of -9.2 % in Mar 2021

CEIC calculates quarterly Consolidated Fiscal Balance as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Consolidated Fiscal Balance and quarterly Nominal GDP. The Treasury provides Consolidated Fiscal Balance in local currency. Census and Statistics Department provides Nominal GDP in local currency.


Further information about Hong Kong SAR (China) Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Hong Kong SAR (China) National Government Debt reached 190.1 USD bn in Mar 2024
• Hong Kong SAR (China) Nominal GDP reached 91.4 USD bn in Mar 2023

The budget balance in relation to the GDP in South Korea was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2030 by in total 0.23 percentage points. The budget balance is estimated to amount to -0.41 percent in 2030. The indicator describes the general government net lending/borrowing which is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. The International Monetary Fund defines the general government expenditure as consisting of total expense and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. The general government revenue consists of the revenue from taxes, social contributions, grants receivable, and other revenue.Find more key insights for the budget balance in relation to the GDP in countries like Japan, Taiwan, and China.

Key information about China National Government Debt

• China National Government Debt reached 4,230.0 USD bn in Dec 2023, compared with 3,750.7 USD bn in the previous year.
• China National Government Debt data is updated yearly, available from Dec 2005 to Dec 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4,230.0 USD bn in Dec 2023 and a record low of 404.1 USD bn in Dec 2005.

CEIC converts annual Government Debt into USD. Ministry of Finance provides Government Debt in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Government Debt covers Central Government Debt only.


Related information about China National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, China Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 4.8 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2024.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 24.0 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2024.
• China Nominal GDP reached 4,166.8 USD bn in Mar 2023.

China recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 88.30 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - China Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about China Consolidated Fiscal Balance

• China Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 259.137 USD bn in Dec 2024, compared with a deficit equal to 132.648 USD bn in the previous month.
• China Consolidated Fiscal Balance data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1995 to Dec 2024, with an average ratio of -316.435 USD mn.
• The data reached an all-time high of 166.480 USD bn in Jan 2018 and a record low of -373.253 USD bn in Dec 2020.

CEIC converts monthly Consolidated Fiscal Balance into USD. The Ministry of Finance provides year-to-date Consolidated Fiscal Balance in local currency. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Consolidated Fiscal Balance prior to January 2007 is calculated from non year-to-date data.

Key information about Hong Kong SAR (China) National Government Debt

• Hong Kong SAR (China) National Government Debt reached 190.1 USD bn in Mar 2024, compared with 181.7 USD bn in the previous year.
• Hong Kong SAR (China) National Government Debt data is updated yearly, available from Mar 2003 to Mar 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 190.1 USD bn in Mar 2024 and a record low of 45.3 USD bn in Mar 2003.

CEIC converts annual Government Debt into USD. The Treasury provides Government Debt in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Government Debt covers Provision for Pensions, Bonds and Notes Issued and Other Liabilities. Government Debt is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.


Related information about Hong Kong SAR (China) National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, Hong Kong SAR (China) Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 6.1 % of its Nominal GDP in Sep 2024.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 49.1 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2024.
• Hong Kong SAR (China) Nominal GDP reached 91.4 USD bn in Mar 2023.

In 2023, the basic pension insurance funds in China recorded a cumulative balance surplus of around *** trillion yuan. The basic pension insurance program is a compulsory insurance program operated by the government in China. People who participate in the basic pension insurance program in China are divided in two groups: urban employees and other residents in urban and rural areas. The insurance funds for urban employees are much higher than that for the other group.

Zhejiang: Quzhou: Govt Revenue: Balance at Last Year End data was reported at 2,725.810 RMB mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,228.010 RMB mn for 2022. Zhejiang: Quzhou: Govt Revenue: Balance at Last Year End data is updated yearly, averaging 1,935.880 RMB mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,725.810 RMB mn in 2023 and a record low of 908.830 RMB mn in 2017. Zhejiang: Quzhou: Govt Revenue: Balance at Last Year End data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Quzhou Bureau of Finance. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FC: General Public Budget Revenue & Expenditure: Zhejiang.

The post-COVID-19 era presents a looming threat of global debt, elevating concerns regarding sovereign credit ratings worldwide. This study develops a new index system, divides the rating variables into long- and short-term factors, performs rating fitting and prediction, and investigates the fairness of China and relevant countries. Our findings reveal that sovereign credit ratings have a deterrent effect on the global financial market due to the ceiling effect and quasi-public goods characteristics. A high and stable credit rating demands long-term enhancements in economic fundamentals, budget balances, external surpluses, and overall solvency. Concurrently, effective short-term debt management strategies, including reduction, repayment, and swaps, are essential. Moreover, we introduce the concept of a "rating gap" to assess rating fairness, revealing both undervaluation and overvaluation among countries. Notably, China’s sovereign rating was underestimated between 2009 and 2011 and overestimated between 2013 and 2016. These findings underscore the criticality of government vigilance in monitoring sovereign debt and credit ratings to navigate potential post-COVID-19 sovereign debt crises.

Explore the World Competitiveness Ranking dataset for 2016, including key indicators such as GDP per capita, fixed telephone tariffs, and pension funding. Discover insights on social cohesion, scientific research, and digital transformation in various countries.

Social cohesion, The image abroad of your country encourages business development, Scientific articles published by origin of author, International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database, Data reproduced with the kind permission of ITU, National sources, Fixed telephone tariffs, GDP (PPP) per capita, Overall, Exports of goods - growth, Pension funding is adequately addressed for the future, Companies are very good at using big data and analytics to support decision-making, Gross fixed capital formation - real growth, Economic Performance, Scientific research legislation, Percentage of GDP, Health infrastructure meets the needs of society, Estimates based on preliminary data for the most recent year., Singapore: including re-exports., Value, Laws relating to scientific research do encourage innovation, % of GDP, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Health Infrastructure, Digital transformation in companies is generally well understood, Industrial disputes, EE, Female / male ratio, State ownership of enterprises, Total expenditure on R&D (%), Score, Colombia, Estimates for the most recent year., Percentage change, based on US$ values, Number of listed domestic companies, Tax evasion is not a threat to your economy, Scientific articles, Tax evasion, % change, Use of big data and analytics, National sources, Disposable Income, Equal opportunity, Listed domestic companies, Government budget surplus/deficit (%), Pension funding, US$ per capita at purchasing power parity, Estimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity, Image abroad or branding, Equal opportunity legislation in your economy encourages economic development, Number, Article counts are from a selection of journals, books, and conference proceedings in S&E from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region/country/economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) listed in the article. Articles are credited on a fractional-count basis. The sum of the countries/economies may not add to the world total because of rounding. Some publications have incomplete address information for coauthored publications in the Scopus database. The unassigned category count is the sum of fractional counts for publications that cannot be assigned to a country or economy. Hong Kong: research output items by the higher education institutions funded by the University Grants Committee only., State ownership of enterprises is not a threat to business activities, Protectionism does not impair the conduct of your business, Digital transformation in companies, Total final energy consumption per capita, Social cohesion is high, Rank, MTOE per capita, Percentage change, based on constant prices, US$ billions, National sources, World Trade Organization Statistics database, Rank, Score, Value, World Rankings

Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Venezuela

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The post-COVID-19 era presents a looming threat of global debt, elevating concerns regarding sovereign credit ratings worldwide. This study develops a new index system, divides the rating variables into long- and short-term factors, performs rating fitting and prediction, and investigates the fairness of China and relevant countries. Our findings reveal that sovereign credit ratings have a deterrent effect on the global financial market due to the ceiling effect and quasi-public goods characteristics. A high and stable credit rating demands long-term enhancements in economic fundamentals, budget balances, external surpluses, and overall solvency. Concurrently, effective short-term debt management strategies, including reduction, repayment, and swaps, are essential. Moreover, we introduce the concept of a "rating gap" to assess rating fairness, revealing both undervaluation and overvaluation among countries. Notably, China’s sovereign rating was underestimated between 2009 and 2011 and overestimated between 2013 and 2016. These findings underscore the criticality of government vigilance in monitoring sovereign debt and credit ratings to navigate potential post-COVID-19 sovereign debt crises.

Zhejiang: Jinhua: Govt Revenue: Balance at Last Year End data was reported at 3,972.750 RMB mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,244.340 RMB mn for 2022. Zhejiang: Jinhua: Govt Revenue: Balance at Last Year End data is updated yearly, averaging 3,550.810 RMB mn from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2023, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,595.180 RMB mn in 2016 and a record low of 2,736.120 RMB mn in 2020. Zhejiang: Jinhua: Govt Revenue: Balance at Last Year End data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Jinhua Municipal Finance Bureau. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FC: General Public Budget Revenue & Expenditure: Zhejiang.

It refers to the foreign currency assets (including foreign currency cash, foreign currency deposits, and securities denominated in foreign currency) held by the central bank for non-residents, which can be freely used and utilized as needed to alleviate international balance of payments deficits.

Guangdong: Zhongshan: Govt Revenue: Balance at Last Year End data was reported at 480.000 RMB mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 510.000 RMB mn for 2022. Guangdong: Zhongshan: Govt Revenue: Balance at Last Year End data is updated yearly, averaging 996.830 RMB mn from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2023, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,078.390 RMB mn in 2017 and a record low of 262.570 RMB mn in 2021. Guangdong: Zhongshan: Govt Revenue: Balance at Last Year End data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Zhongshan Municipal Finance Bureau. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FC: General Public Budget Revenue & Expenditure: Guangdong.

Fujian: Fuzhou: Govt Expenditure: Balance at Year End data was reported at 18,129.090 RMB mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 15,622.440 RMB mn for 2022. Fujian: Fuzhou: Govt Expenditure: Balance at Year End data is updated yearly, averaging 9,574.750 RMB mn from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2023, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,129.090 RMB mn in 2023 and a record low of 7,764.640 RMB mn in 2020. Fujian: Fuzhou: Govt Expenditure: Balance at Year End data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Fuzhou Finance Bureau. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FC: General Public Budget Revenue & Expenditure: Fujian.