Between January and November 2023, California was the U.S. state with the highest number of reported data breach incidents targeting the government. In the measured period, the government agencies saw 16 cases of data breaches. Texas ranked second, with eight incidents. Overall, 137 cases of government data breaches were recorded in the United States.

The Database Audit and Protection System (DAPS) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing regulatory compliance mandates (like GDPR, CCPA), the rising frequency of cyberattacks targeting sensitive data, and the expanding adoption of cloud-based databases. The market, estimated at $5 billion in 2025, is projected to maintain a healthy Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). Key growth drivers include the escalating need for data security and integrity across diverse sectors, notably finance, healthcare, and government. The cloud-based segment holds a significant market share, fueled by its scalability, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced accessibility. However, concerns around data sovereignty and security in cloud environments pose a restraint. The on-premise segment persists due to existing infrastructure and stringent data governance requirements in specific industries. Competitive intensity is high, with established players like IBM and Imperva alongside agile regional vendors such as Qi-AnXin and Sangfor Technology vying for market dominance. Geographic distribution reveals strong growth in North America and Asia Pacific, driven by significant investments in digital infrastructure and a thriving technology ecosystem in these regions. The market segmentation by application highlights finance as the largest segment, reflecting the high value and sensitivity of financial data. Growth in the healthcare and government sectors is also notable, spurred by increasing digitization and the need to protect patient and citizen data. Looking ahead, the DAPS market will continue its upward trajectory, shaped by technological advancements like AI-powered threat detection and automated security patching. The convergence of database security and broader cybersecurity strategies will further fuel market expansion. To maintain a competitive edge, vendors must focus on innovation in areas such as real-time threat detection, proactive security measures, and seamless integration with existing IT infrastructures. The market will see increased adoption of integrated solutions that combine database audit and protection capabilities with broader security management platforms. Furthermore, the rising demand for compliance-as-a-service will propel the growth of cloud-based DAPS solutions, while the on-premise segment will continue to cater to specific regulatory and security requirements.

The largest reported data leakage as of January 2024 was the Cam4 data breach in March 2020, which exposed more than 10 billion data records. The second-largest data breach in history so far, the Yahoo data breach, occurred in 2013. The company initially reported about one billion exposed data records, but after an investigation, the company updated the number, revealing that three billion accounts were affected. The National Public Data Breach was announced in August 2024. The incident became public when personally identifiable information of individuals became available for sale on the dark web. Overall, the security professionals estimate the leakage of nearly three billion personal records. The next significant data leakage was the March 2018 security breach of India's national ID database, Aadhaar, with over 1.1 billion records exposed. This included biometric information such as identification numbers and fingerprint scans, which could be used to open bank accounts and receive financial aid, among other government services.

Cybercrime - the dark side of digitalization As the world continues its journey into the digital age, corporations and governments across the globe have been increasing their reliance on technology to collect, analyze and store personal data. This, in turn, has led to a rise in the number of cyber crimes, ranging from minor breaches to global-scale attacks impacting billions of users – such as in the case of Yahoo. Within the U.S. alone, 1802 cases of data compromise were reported in 2022. This was a marked increase from the 447 cases reported a decade prior. The high price of data protection As of 2022, the average cost of a single data breach across all industries worldwide stood at around 4.35 million U.S. dollars. This was found to be most costly in the healthcare sector, with each leak reported to have cost the affected party a hefty 10.1 million U.S. dollars. The financial segment followed closely behind. Here, each breach resulted in a loss of approximately 6 million U.S. dollars - 1.5 million more than the global average.

Market Summary of Database Security Market:

• The Global Database Security market size in 2023 was XX Million. The Database Security Industry's compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be XX% from 2024 to 2031. • The database security industry is growing faster and is expected to expand at a faster rate due to these strict regulatory frameworks. Also, the increase in advanced technology for better protection of data is driving the growth of the Database security market. • The dominating segment is the software. It includes encryption, auditing, tokenization, data masking, and access control management. • Due to the increase in internet users, remote working demand, and risk of data breaches, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a beneficial effect on the market for data security solutions. • The database security market is dominated by North America in terms of both revenue and market share. This can be attributed to the region's concentration of significant industry participants and increasing technical advancements in their product line.

Market Dynamics of Database Security Market:

Key Drivers of Database Security Market:

An increase in advanced technology for better protection of data is driving the growth of the Database security market

Retail, banking, healthcare, and government are just a few of the industries where a strong data security plan could help companies stay compliant and lower their exposure to threats. When data is used by the principles of availability, confidentiality, and integrity, it becomes the most precious resource that aids in decision-making, strategic endeavor execution, and the development of closer relationships between companies and their clients. For Instance, Records from thousands of people assembled and reindexed leaks, breaches, and privately sold databases are part of a supermassive Mother of all Breaches or MOAB. The huge release includes information from multiple earlier breaches, totaling an incredible 12 gigabytes of data covering an incredible 26 billion records. The leak is most likely the biggest to be found to date and includes user data from Tencent, Weibo, LinkedIn, Twitter, and other networks.(Source: https://cybernews.com/security/billions-passwords-credentials-leaked-mother-of-all-breaches/) Hence, the protection of data is of utmost importance in almost all sectors. Hardware-based security, data backup and resilience, data erasure, data masking, encryption, firewalls, and authentication and authorization are examples of data security technologies. It is essential to corporate development, operations, and financing. Companies can better comply with regulatory standards and avoid data breaches and reputational harm by securing their data. Data is locked up by modern encryption methods with a single key, making it only accessible to the key holder. AES-compliant standards are used by many databases to encrypt data. These remedies are the most robust against hardware loss, possibly due to theft. The data is protected even if the encryption key is incorrect. For Instance, An innovative method for protecting personal information for use with generative artificial intelligence has been released, according to security company Baffle. Assuring that their regulated data is compliant and cryptographically safe, Baffle Data Protection for AI interacts with current data pipelines to help businesses expedite generative AI initiatives. According to Baffle, the method encrypts sensitive data using the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm so that outside parties cannot view private information in plaintext. (Source: https://baffle.io/news/baffle-releases-encryption-solution-to-secure-data-for-generative-ai/) Hence, technology is playing an important role in reducing data breaches and protecting data, which is eventually increasing the market for database security as many companies require data protection.

The Database Security Market is driven by the strict regulatory framework to address information security

Regulatory frameworks can establish standards that developers and users must follow to guarantee a secure database. The market is growing as a result of increasingly stringent regulations enforced globally to protect sensitive data by governments and other relevant authorities in numerous nations. ...

In 2023, the number of data compromises in the United States stood at 3,205 cases. Meanwhile, over 353 million individuals were affected in the same year by data compromises, including data breaches, leakage, and exposure. While these are three different events, they have one thing in common. As a result of all three incidents, the sensitive data is accessed by an unauthorized threat actor. Industries most vulnerable to data breaches Some industry sectors usually see more significant cases of private data violations than others. This is determined by the type and volume of the personal information organizations of these sectors store. In 2022, healthcare, financial services, and manufacturing were the three industry sectors that recorded most data breaches. The number of healthcare data breaches in the United States has gradually increased within the past few years. In the financial sector, data compromises increased almost twice between 2020 and 2022, while manufacturing saw an increase of more than three times in data compromise incidents. Largest data exposures worldwide In 2020, an adult streaming website, CAM4, experienced a leakage of nearly 11 billion records. This, by far, is the most extensive reported data leakage. This case, though, is unique because cyber security researchers found the vulnerability before the cyber criminals. The second-largest data breach is the Yahoo data breach, dating back to 2013. The company first reported about one billion exposed records, then later, in 2017, came up with an updated number of leaked records, which was three billion. In March 2018, the third biggest data breach happened, involving India’s national identification database Aadhaar. As a result of this incident, over 1.1 billion records were exposed.

The Cloud-Based Database Security Market Report Can Be Segmented by Deployment (public, Private, and Hybrid), by End-User Vertical (BFSI, Retail, Government, Healthcare, IT and Telecom, Manufacturing, and Other End-User Verticals), by Geography (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East and Africa). The Market Sizes and Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value in USD for all the Above Segments.

SCTS supports the adjudication process of private background investigations and clearances for potential employees, contractors, interns and student workers.

Staff vetting records system.

The size and share of the market is categorized based on Application (Telecom And Information Technology, Banking And Financial Service, Oil And Gas, Manufacturing, Healthcare, Government, Travel And Transport, Retail, Entertainment And Media, Other) and Product (Cloud Identity And Access Management, Cloud Data And Cdn Security, Cloud Activity Monitoring, Others) and geographical regions (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle-East and Africa).

Despite the critical information security issues faced by academic institutions, little research has been conducted at the policy, practice, or theoretical levels to address these issues, and few policies or cost-effective controls have been developed. The purpose of this research study was three-fold: (1) to create an empirically-based profile of issues and approaches, (2) to develop a practical road map for policy and practice, and (3) to advance the knowledge, policy, and practice of academic institutions, law enforcement, government, and researchers. The study design incorporated three methods of data collection: a quantitative field survey, qualitative one-on-one interviews, and an empirical assessment of the institutions' network activity. Survey data collection involved simple random sampling of 600 academic institutions from the Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) database, recruitment via postcard, telephone, and email, Web-based survey administration, and three follow-ups. Results are contained in Part 1, Quantitative Field Survey Data. Interview data collection involved selecting a sample size of 15 institutions through a combination of simple random and convenience sampling, recruitment via telephone and email, and face-to-face or telephone interviews. Results are contained in Part 2, Qualitative One-on-One Interview Data. Network analysis data collection involved convenience sampling of two academic institutions, recruitment via telephone and email, installing Higher Education Network Analysis (HENA) on participants' systems, and six months of data collection. Results are in Part 3, Subject 1 Network Analysis Data, and Part 4, Subject 2 Network Analysis Data. The Quantitative Field Survey Data (Part 1) contains 19 variables on characteristics of institutions that participated in the survey component of this study, as well as 263 variables derived from responses to the Information Security in Academic Institutions Survey, which was organized into five sections: Environment, Policy, Information Security Controls, Information Security Challenges, and Resources. The Qualitative One-on-One Interview Data (Part 2) contains qualitative responses to a combination of closed-response and open-response formats. The data are divided into the following seven sections: Environment, Institution's Potential Vulnerability, Institution's Potential Threat, Information Value and Sharing, End Users, Countermeasures, and Insights. Data collected through the empirical analysis of network activity (Part 3 and Part 4) include type and protocol of attack, source and destination information, and geographic location.

Xinjiang: Govt Expenditure: Public Security data was reported at 44,216.890 RMB mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 43,476.140 RMB mn for 2022. Xinjiang: Govt Expenditure: Public Security data is updated yearly, averaging 25,195.000 RMB mn from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2023, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 57,638.690 RMB mn in 2017 and a record low of 5,448.760 RMB mn in 2007. Xinjiang: Govt Expenditure: Public Security data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FB: Local Government: Xinjiang.

AidData, a research lab within the Global Research Institute at William & Mary, has collaborated with USAID’s Europe and Eurasia (E&E) Bureau to develop an index to gauge areas of strength and points of vulnerability of the energy security of countries in the region. This energy security index (ESI) aims to systematically track energy security trends to help US government agencies and partners target their assistance and monitor results over time.

View Data Breach Notification Reports, which include how many breaches are reported each year and the number of affected residents.

The size and share of the market is categorized based on Type (Private Cloud, Public Cloud, Hybrid Cloud) and Application (BFSI, Retail, Telecom & IT, Manufacturing, Healthcare, Government, Others) and geographical regions (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle-East and Africa).

Progress Needed on Identifying Expenditures, Building and Utilizing a Data Infrastructure, and Reducing Duplicative Efforts The federal government collects, maintains, and uses geospatial information—data linked to specific geographic locations—to help support varied missions, including national security and natural resources conservation. To coordinate geospatial activities, in 1994 the President issued an executive order to develop a National Spatial Data Infrastructure—a framework for coordination that includes standards, data themes, and a clearinghouse. GAO was asked to review federal and state coordination of geospatial data. GAO’s objectives were to (1) describe the geospatial data that selected federal agencies and states use and how much is spent on geospatial data; (2) assess progress in establishing the National Spatial Data Infrastructure; and (3) determine whether selected federal agencies and states invest in duplicative geospatial data. To do so, GAO identified federal and state uses of geospatial data; evaluated available cost data from 2013 to 2015; assessed FGDC’s and selected agencies’ efforts to establish the infrastructure; and analyzed federal and state datasets to identify duplication. What GAO Found Federal agencies and state governments use a variety of geospatial datasets to support their missions. For example, after Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the Federal Emergency Management Agency used geospatial data to identify 44,000 households that were damaged and inaccessible and reported that, as a result, it was able to provide expedited assistance to area residents. Federal agencies report spending billions of dollars on geospatial investments; however, the estimates are understated because agencies do not always track geospatial investments. For example, these estimates do not include billions of dollars spent on earth-observing satellites that produce volumes of geospatial data. The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) have started an initiative to have agencies identify and report annually on geospatial-related investments as part of the fiscal year 2017 budget process. FGDC and selected federal agencies have made progress in implementing their responsibilities for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure as outlined in OMB guidance; however, critical items remain incomplete. For example, the committee established a clearinghouse for records on geospatial data, but the clearinghouse lacks an effective search capability and performance monitoring. FGDC also initiated plans and activities for coordinating with state governments on the collection of geospatial data; however, state officials GAO contacted are generally not satisfied with the committee’s efforts to coordinate with them. Among other reasons, they feel that the committee is focused on a federal perspective rather than a national one, and that state recommendations are often ignored. In addition, selected agencies have made limited progress in their own strategic planning efforts and in using the clearinghouse to register their data to ensure they do not invest in duplicative data. For example, 8 of the committee’s 32 member agencies have begun to register their data on the clearinghouse, and they have registered 59 percent of the geospatial data they deemed critical. Part of the reason that agencies are not fulfilling their responsibilities is that OMB has not made it a priority to oversee these efforts. Until OMB ensures that FGDC and federal agencies fully implement their responsibilities, the vision of improving the coordination of geospatial information and reducing duplicative investments will not be fully realized. OMB guidance calls for agencies to eliminate duplication, avoid redundant expenditures, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the sharing and dissemination of geospatial data. However, some data are collected multiple times by federal, state, and local entities, resulting in duplication in effort and resources. A new initiative to create a national address database could potentially result in significant savings for federal, state, and local governments. However, agencies face challenges in effectively coordinating address data collection efforts, including statutory restrictions on sharing certain federal address data. Until there is effective coordination across the National Spatial Data Infrastructure, there will continue to be duplicative efforts to obtain and maintain these data at every level of government.https://www.gao.gov/assets/d15193.pdfWhat GAO Recommends GAO suggests that Congress consider assessing statutory limitations on address data to foster progress toward a national address database. GAO also recommends that OMB improve its oversight of FGDC and federal agency initiatives, and that FGDC and selected agencies fully implement initiatives. The agencies generally agreed with the recommendations and identified plans to implement them.

China Government Expenditure: Public Security data was reported at 59.192 RMB bn in Sep 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 45.513 RMB bn for Aug 2011. China Government Expenditure: Public Security data is updated monthly, averaging 27.750 RMB bn from Jan 2007 (Median) to Sep 2011, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 282.576 RMB bn in Dec 2008 and a record low of 19.560 RMB bn in Jan 2007. China Government Expenditure: Public Security data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table CN.FA: Government Revenue and Expenditure: Monthly.

Jordan General Government Expenditure: Current: Defense and Security data was reported at 2,325.100 JOD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,215.500 JOD mn for 2016. Jordan General Government Expenditure: Current: Defense and Security data is updated yearly, averaging 1,484.000 JOD mn from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2017, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,325.100 JOD mn in 2017 and a record low of 512.100 JOD mn in 1999. Jordan General Government Expenditure: Current: Defense and Security data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jordan – Table JO.F001: General Government Revenue and Expenditure.