This graph shows the estimated population in the city of Paris from 1989 to 2023. It appears that the number of inhabitants in the French capital decreased since 2012 and from 2.24 million Parisians that year down to 2.1 million in 2023.

The high price of rents in the French capital might explain why a lot of people leave Paris to live in cheaper cities in France or in the Paris agglomeration.

This bar chart presents the estimated population density in the Ile-de-France region (Paris area), in France in 2023, by district. It appears that the city of Paris counted approximately 20,025 inhabitants per square kilometer, making it the most densely populated department in the region.

In 2025, the Ile-de-France region, sometimes called the Paris region, was the most populous in France. It is located in the northern part of France, divided into eight departments and crossed by the Seine River. The region contains Paris, its large suburbs, and several rural areas. The total population in metropolitan France was estimated at around 65 million inhabitants. In the DOM (Overseas Department), France had more than two million citizens spread over the islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, Mayotte, and the South American territory of French Guyana. Ile-de-France: most populous region in France According to the source, more than 12 million French citizens lived in the Ile-de-France region. Ile-de-France was followed by Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Occitanie region which is in the Southern part of the country. Ile-de-France is not only the most populated region in France, it is also the French region with the highest population density. In 2020, there were 1,021.6 residents per square kilometer in Ile-de-France compared to 115.9 for Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, the second most populated region in France. More than two million people were living in the city of Paris in 2025. Thus, the metropolitan area outside the city of Paris, called suburbs or banlieue in French, had more than ten million inhabitants. Ile-de-France concentrates the majority of the country’s economic and political activities. An urban population In 2024, the total population of France amounted to over 68 million. The population in the country increased since the mid-2000s. As well as the other European countries, France is experiencing urbanization. In 2023, more than 81 percent of the French population lived in cities. This phenomenon shapes France’s geography.

With over 21,300 air services, the connection between Paris and Nice was the most served route between the French capital and domestic destinations in 2022. Toulouse was the second-most frequent connection from Paris, with around 19,600 flights connecting the cities in the same year.

Characteristics of the population (weighted data, n = 3023).

Ce jeu de données détaille la structure de la population femme par tranche d'âge, pour l'année 2020, dans chaque commune de GPSEA (Alfortville, Boissy-Saint-Léger, Bonneuil-sur-Marne, Chennevières-sur-Marne, Créteil, La Queue-en-Brie, Le Plessis-Trévise, Limeil-Brévannes, Mandres-les-Roses, Marolles-en-Brie, Noiseau, Ormesson-sur-Marne, Périgny-sur-Yerres, Santeny, Sucy-en-Brie et Villecresnes). Ces chiffres sont issus des données du recensement de la population locale de l'INSEE.

Source : Évolution et structure de la population en 2020 INSEE paru le : 27/06/2023

This graph presents the forecasted population of Paris, France, from 2018 to 2070 in thousands inhabitants. It appears that Paris population was expected to decrease between 2018 and 2070. By 2070, the Paris population was forecasted to reach nearly 1.96 million inhabitants.

L'INSEE présente les données 2014 de la population locale avec sa structure par âge, par sexe, la répartition par catégorie socioprofessionnelle. Ces indicateurs démographiques essentiels couvrent les 16 communes de GPSEA (Alfortville, Boissy-Saint-Léger, Bonneuil-sur-Marne, Chennevières-sur-Marne, Créteil, La Queue-en-Brie, Le Plessis-Trévise, Limeil-Brévannes, Mandres-les-Roses, Marolles-en-Brie, Noiseau, Ormesson-sur-Marne, Périgny-sur-Yerres, Santeny, Sucy-en-Brie et Villecresnes).

Source : Évolution et structure de la population en 2020 INSEE paru le : 27/06/2023

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Lyon, France metro area from 1950 to 2025. United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035.

Population's characteristics.

During the eighteenth century, it is estimated that France's population grew by roughly fifty percent, from 19.7 million in 1700, to 29 million by 1800. In France itself, the 1700s are remembered for the end of King Louis XIV's reign in 1715, the Age of Enlightenment, and the French Revolution. During this century, the scientific and ideological advances made in France and across Europe challenged the leadership structures of the time, and questioned the relationship between monarchial, religious and political institutions and their subjects. France was arguably the most powerful nation in the world in these early years, with the second largest population in Europe (after Russia); however, this century was defined by a number of costly, large-scale conflicts across Europe and in the new North American theater, which saw the loss of most overseas territories (particularly in North America) and almost bankrupted the French crown. A combination of regressive taxation, food shortages and enlightenment ideologies ultimately culminated in the French Revolution in 1789, which brought an end to the Ancien Régime, and set in motion a period of self-actualization.

War and peace

After a volatile and tumultuous decade, in which tens of thousands were executed by the state (most infamously: guillotined), relative stability was restored within France as Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799, and the policies of the revolution became enforced. Beyond France's borders, the country was involved in a series of large scale wars for two almost decades, and the First French Empire eventually covered half of Europe by 1812. In 1815, Napoleon was defeated outright, the empire was dissolved, and the monarchy was restored to France; nonetheless, a large number of revolutionary and Napoleonic reforms remained in effect afterwards, and the ideas had a long-term impact across the globe. France experienced a century of comparative peace in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars; there were some notable uprisings and conflicts, and the monarchy was abolished yet again, but nothing on the scale of what had preceded or what was to follow. A new overseas colonial empire was also established in the late 1800s, particularly across Africa and Southeast Asia. Through most of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, France had the second largest population in Europe (after Russia), however political instability and the economic prioritization of Paris meant that the entire country did not urbanize or industrialize at the same rate as the other European powers. Because of this, Germany and Britain entered the twentieth century with larger populations, and other regions, such as Austria or Belgium, had overtaken France in terms of industrialization; the German annexation of Alsace-Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian War was also a major contributor to this.

World Wars and contemporary France

Coming into the 1900s, France had a population of approximately forty million people (officially 38 million* due to to territorial changes), and there was relatively little growth in the first half of the century. France was comparatively unprepared for a large scale war, however it became one of the most active theaters of the First World War when Germany invaded via Belgium in 1914, with the ability to mobilize over eight million men. By the war's end in 1918, France had lost almost 1.4 million in the conflict, and approximately 300,000 in the Spanish Flu pandemic that followed. Germany invaded France again during the Second World War, and occupied the country from 1940, until the Allied counter-invasion liberated the country during the summer of 1944. France lost around 600,000 people in the course of the war, over half of which were civilians. Following the war's end, the country experienced a baby boom, and the population grew by approximately twenty million people in the next fifty years (compared to just one million in the previous fifty years). Since the 1950s, France's economy quickly grew to be one of the strongest in the world, despite losing the vast majority of its overseas colonial empire by the 1970s. A wave of migration, especially from these former colonies, has greatly contributed to the growth and diversity of France's population today, which stands at over 65 million people in 2020.

This dataset presents a breakdown of the socio-professional category of young people aged 15 to 24 in 2020. These essential demographic indicators cover the 16 municipalities of GPSEA (Alfortville, Boissy-Saint-Léger, Bonneuil-sur-Marne, Chennevières-sur-Marne, Créteil, La Queue-en-Brie, Le Plessis-Trévise, Limeil-Brévannes, Mandres-les-Roses, Marolles-en-Brie, Noiseau, Ormesson-sur-Marne, Périgny-sur-Yerres, Santeny, Sucy-en-Brie and Villecresnes). Source: Population evolution and structure in 2020 INSEE published on: 27/06/2023

Environmental exposures are not evenly distributed across the Ile-de-France region and do not affect all categories of the population in a homogeneous manner.

This data layer makes it possible to reveal the situations of cumulative exposure from a geographical point of view, the result of crossing different environmental data through an environment score which is scales between 0 and 100. The higher this score, the greater the probability of occurrence of environmental health effects.

In order to take into account the greater fragility and less coping capacity of certain population groups (the youngest, the oldest, the chronically ill, the least advantaged), the score was combined with two scores considering the characteristics of the population to propose a geography of cumulative environmental exposures that integrates the differentiated probabilities of occurrence of health effects (for the same level of exposure, the targeted categories will have a greater risk less vulnerable to suffer the health consequences). This second score is called the environment and vulnerability score.

As part of the PRSE3 Île-de-France, this analysis extends and supersedes an initial work to identify environmental black spots led in the previous plan PRSE2. It was produced by the ORS Île-de-France in partnership with the environment department of the Paris Region Institute and Ineris.

The unit mesh used is a square mesh with sides of 500m.

INSEE publishes 2020 data of the local population with its structure by age, by sex, a breakdown by socio-occupational category. These essential demographic indicators cover the 16 municipalities of GPSEA (Alfortville, Boissy-Saint-Léger, Bonneuil-sur-Marne, Chennevières-sur-Marne, Créteil, La Queue-en-Brie, Le Plessis-Trévise, Limeil-Brévannes, Mandres-les-Roses, Marolles-en-Brie, Noiseau, Ormesson-sur-Marne, Périgny-sur-Yerres, Santeny, Sucy-en-Brie and Villecresnes). Source: Population evolution and structure in 2020 INSEE published on: 27/06/2023

The population density in France is unevenly distributed. The country, which enjoys a great variety of regions and landscapes, is becoming more and more urbanized and big cities concentrate economic activities. Ile-de-France and overseas region: most densely populated French regions In 2020, Ile-de-France was the French region with the highest population density. According to the source, there were 1,021.6 residents per square kilometer in Ile-de-France. In 2023, more than 12.35 million people lived in this region which contains the city of Paris and its greater suburbs. The overseas regions such as Guadeloupe, Reunion, and Martinique, are the most densely populated French regions after the Paris region. On the other hand, Corsica, was the least densely populated region in metropolitan France. However, it is Guyanne, the largest overseas department, which has the lowest density in France with only 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometre. Largely covered by the Amazon jungle, this French territory is almost entirely populated along the coasts. The overall population density in metropolitan France reached 123.27 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2021, compared to 116.91 in 2007. Ile-de-France, and particularly Paris, is the center of most of economic, political, and social activities in France. For instance, the ten most visited national French museums and galleries in 2017 were all located in Paris. In 2014, Ile-de-France was the French region which had the highest expenditure on Research and Development (19 billion euros). Regions in France Hauts-de-France, in the northern part of the country, and Provence-Alpes Côte d’Azur in the southeastern part, were the second and the third most densely populated regions in Metropolitan France. The French southeastern coast is known for being highly urbanized, while its living conditions (sun, Mediterranean sea…) make it one of the most attractive region to work and live in France. Hauts-de-France, which used to be one of the leading industrial regions of the country, now benefits from its geographical proximity to the heart of Europe: Brussels. Furthermore, rural regions like Centre-Val de Loire or Bourgogne Franche-Comté are less populous, and the share of the rural population in France is decreasing for years now.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents the median household income across different racial categories in Paris. It portrays the median household income of the head of household across racial categories (excluding ethnicity) as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into economic disparities and trends and explore the variations in median houshold income for diverse racial categories.

Key observations

Based on our analysis of the distribution of Paris population by race & ethnicity, the population is predominantly White. This particular racial category constitutes the majority, accounting for 89.83% of the total residents in Paris. Notably, the median household income for White households is $53,012. Interestingly, despite the White population being the most populous, it is worth noting that Black or African American households actually reports the highest median household income, with a median income of $89,986. This reveals that, while Whites may be the most numerous in Paris, Black or African American households experience greater economic prosperity in terms of median household income.

https://i.neilsberg.com/ch/paris-mo-median-household-income-by-race.jpeg" alt="Paris median household income diversity across racial categories">

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2017-2021 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race of the head of household: This column presents the self-identified race of the household head, encompassing all relevant racial categories (excluding ethnicity) applicable in Paris.
• Median household income: Median household income, adjusting for inflation, presented in 2022-inflation-adjusted dollars

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Paris median household income by race. You can refer the same here

The present study aimed to assess socioeconomic inequalities in general and mental health, depression and substance use disorders (daily tobacco use, hazardous alcohol use). Data from the 2010 SIRS (French acronym for Health, Inequalities, and Social Ruptures) study, which is deemed to be representative of the French-speaking adult population living in the Paris Metropolitan Area, were analysed. Different socioeconomic position indicators were selected: education, income and perceived financial status. Absolute measures (the slope index of inequality (SII)) and relative measures (the odds ratio (OR) and relative index of inequality (RII)) of health inequalities were used. The OR, RII and SII were adjusted for age, household type and migration characteristics and all analyses were performed separately for men and women. The study included 3,006 adults. The results showed significant relative and absolute socioeconomic inequalities in general, mental health and depression for all socioeconomic position indicators considered (education, income, and perceived financial status). The absolute inequalities were greater for women than for men. Strongest inequalities were observed by perceived financial status for men and women. Education seemed to play a stronger role in inequalities for women, whereas, for men, income seemed to play a stronger role. Only few socioeconomic inequalities were found in daily tobacco use, while a reversed gradient was observed for hazardous alcohol use. We hope that these results will be regularly re-evaluated and compared across time in order to monitor socioeconomic inequalities in health.

Ce jeu de données présente les chiffres de la population légale en vigueur au 1er janvier 2024 pour les 16 communes du territoire de Grand Paris Sud Est Avenir (GPSEA) : Alfortville, Boissy-Saint-Léger, Bonneuil-sur-Marne, Chennevières-sur-Marne, Créteil, La Queue-en-Brie, Le Plessis-Trévise, Limeil-Brévannes, Mandres-les-Roses, Marolles-en-Brie, Noiseau, Ormesson-sur-Marne, Périgny-sur-Yerres, Santeny, Sucy-en-Brie et Villecresnes.

Les chiffres sont issus du recensement INSEE sur l'année 2021 et authentifié par le décret n° 2023-1256 du 26 décembre 2023. L'INSEE fixe les catégories de population et leur composition. La population totale est la somme de la population municipale et de la population comptée à part. En raison de la crise sanitaire de la Covid-19, l'enquête annuelle du recensement 2021 a été reportée en 2022. L'Insee a adapté ses méthodes de calcul des populations légales pour pallier ce report et continuer à produire des populations légales. https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7728826

Ez az adatkészlet a születések számának alakulását mutatja 2014 és 2021 között a területen. Ezek a demográfiai mutatók a GPSEA 16 településére terjednek ki: Alfortville, Boissy-Saint-Léger, Bonneuil-sur-Marne, Chennevières-sur-Marne, Créteil, La Queue-en-Brie, Le Plessis-Trévise, Limeil-Brévannes, Mandres-les-Roses, Marolles-en-Brie, Noiseau, Ormesson-sur-Marne, Périgny-sur-Yerres, Santeny, Sucy-en-Brie és Villecresnes. Ezek az éves statisztikák az élve született gyermekekre, valamint a születési deklaratív ítéletekre vonatkoznak. A születési hely az anya otthona, és nem a születési hely.A statisztikákat a polgármesterek által a születések idején és településén készített, családi állapotra vonatkozó statisztikai közlemények, valamint a bíróságok által készített születési határozatok átiratai alapján állítják össze.

INSEE forrás:Születések 2014 és 2021 között Anyakönyvi közlemény, Franciaország/Közösségek Posted on 22/09/2022 Ez az adatkészlet a születések számának alakulását mutatja 2014 és 2021 között a területen.Ezek a demográfiai mutatók a GPSEA 16 településére terjednek ki:

Alfortville, Boissy-Saint-Léger, Bonneuil-sur-Marne, Chennevières-sur-Marne, Créteil, La Queue-en-Brie, Le Plessis-Trévise, Limeil-Brévannes, Mandres-les-Roses, Marolles-en-Brie, Noiseau, Ormesson-sur-Marne, Périgny-sur-Yerres, Santeny, Sucy-en-Brie és Villecresnes.

Ezek az éves statisztikák az élve született gyermekekre, valamint a születési deklaratív ítéletekre vonatkoznak. A születési hely az anya otthona, és nem a születési hely. A statisztikákat a polgármesterek által a születések idején és településén készített, családi állapotra vonatkozó statisztikai közlemények, valamint a bíróságok által készített születési határozatok átiratai alapján állítják össze. INSEE forrás: Születések 2014 és 2021 között Anyakönyvi közlemény, Franciaország/Közösségek

Posted on 22/09/2022

Urban population growth has been constant for several decades in France. Between 1960 and 2022, it rose from 61.88 percent to 81.51 percent. The phenomenon of urbanization was more significant in the 1960s. Indeed, over this period, the rate of the French population living in cities increased by ten points. The evolution was more weighted over the next 50 years, rising from 71.06 percent in 1970 to 80.98 percent in 2020.An increase in urbanization was accompanied over the same period by a sharp rise in the overall French population, from 55.57 million inhabitants in 1982 to around 68 million in 2024. Paris, an urban giant in France Like in the United Kingdom, the French-style centralized system has led to a high concentration of population around economic, financial, cultural and political centers, all located in the British and French capitals. London and Paris (and its conurbation) are among the largest urban centers on the continent, with Moscow being the most populous. This centralization of power has led to a very heterogenous distribution of population density. The Paris region has a density of more than 1000 inhabitants per km², which is ten times higher than the Haut-de-France region, the second densest region in Metropolitan France.This centralization of power attracts a strong French and foreign workforce. The French capital is by far the most populated city in France. If solely the municipality of Paris is taken into account, it had more than two million inhabitants in 2019, which is more than twice as many as in Marseille and four times as many as in Lyon, the country's second and third most populous cities. Future challenges for French cities Access to employment is no longer the only reason to settle in a town. Other factors come into play in the life choices of city dwellers. In 2019, more than 90% of the French estimated that the presence of green areas was important to settle or not in a district. The pollution level of the city was also considered in the choice of the city. In order to address these pollution problems, municipalities must resolve transportation issues on their own territory. Previously the king of the town, the car is increasingly losing ground to public transport in urban areas. Cities like Paris are relying more on public transport. Between 2011 and 2016, RATP and SNCF have built more than 60 kilometers of tramway tracks . Moreover, the construction of additional train and metro lines in the Grand Paris project aimed at better connecting the suburbs to each other without passing through intramural Paris.Making it easier to travel by bicycle is one of the options chosen by many conurbations to relieve congestion in their cities. Since the early 2000s, self-service bicycles have been a great success in France with more than 2,400 bicycles available in Toulouse or 4,000 in Lyon in 2017. A source of much tension between motorists, municipalities and cyclists, the sharing of the road between 4 and 2 wheelers has, however, been widely developed. In Strasbourg, for example, the municipality had around 1.04 metres of cycle lanes per inhabitant in 2017, the highest rate in France. However, the layout of cycle paths can be perilous and a majority of cyclists in France still feel unsafe on the road.