Canada's largest metropolitan area is Toronto, in Ontario. In 2022. Over 6.6 million people were living in the Toronto metropolitan area. Montréal, in Quebec, followed with about 4.4 million inhabitants, while Vancouver, in Britsh Columbia, counted 2.8 million people as of 2022.

Annual population estimates as of July 1st, by census metropolitan area and census agglomeration, single year of age, five-year age group and gender, based on the Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) 2021.

Estimated number of persons by quarter of a year and by year, Canada, provinces and territories.

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows two maps. The first map shows the density of population per square mile for every township in the Maritime Provinces and Quebec, circa 1911. The second map shows the density of population per square mile for every township in Quebec and Ontario, circa 1911. Communities with a population greater than 5000 people are shown as proportional dots on the map. In addition, major railway systems displayed.

Comprehensive demographic dataset for Saint-Simeon, QC, CA including population statistics, household income, housing units, education levels, employment data, and transportation with year-over-year changes.

Comprehensive demographic dataset for Clermont, QC, CA including population statistics, household income, housing units, education levels, employment data, and transportation with year-over-year changes.

Comprehensive demographic dataset for L'ange-Gardien, QC, CA including population statistics, household income, housing units, education levels, employment data, and transportation with year-over-year changes.

Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a set of three maps. The main map shows the labour force in incorporated and unincorporated centres with a population of 1000 and over for 1961. It is accompanied by a second map showing Ontario and Quebec in greater detail at a larger scale of 1:5 000 000. The third map shows northern centres at a smaller scale of 1:30 000 000.

Habitat fragmentation and genetic bottlenecks can have substantial impacts on the health and management of wildlife species by lowering diversity and subdividing populations. Population genetic comparisons across time periods can help elucidate temporal changes in populations and the processes responsible for the changes. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are wide-ranging carnivores and are currently increasing in abundance across an expanding range. Bobcat populations in New England have fluctuated in the past century in response to changes in their prey base, harvest pressure, and landscape development. We genotyped contemporary (2010–2017) and historic (1952–1964) bobcats from New England and Quebec, Canada at a suite of microsatellite loci and tested for differences in diversity, effective population size, and gene flow. Over 20 generations separated the sampling periods, and the intervening years were marked by drastic changes in land use and species management regimes. We found a general decrease in genetic diversity and differing population genetic structure through time. Effective population size decreased at the end of the historic period, coincident with a spike in harvest, but rebounded to greater numbers in the contemporary period. Our results suggest that bobcat populations in the region are robust, but development and range dynamics may play a significant role in population structure. Our study also highlights the benefits of a historical perspective in interpreting contemporary population genetic data.

Housing Assessment Resource Tools (HART) This dataset contains 2 tables and 5 files which draw upon data from the 2021 Census of Canada. The tables are a custom order and contain data pertaining to older adults and housing need. The 2 tables have 6 dimensions in common and 1 dimension that is unique to each table. Table 1's unique dimension is the "Ethnicity / Indigeneity status" dimension which contains data fields related to visible minority and Indigenous identity within the population in private households. Table 2's unique dimension is "Structural type of dwelling and Period of Construction" which contains data fields relating to the structural type and period of construction of the dwelling. Each of the two tables is then split into multiple files based on geography. Table 1 has two files: Table 1.1 includes Canada, Provinces and Territories (14 geographies), CDs of NWT (6), CDs of Yukon (1) and CDs of Nunavut (3); and Table 1.2 includes Canada and the CMAs of Canada (44). Table 2 has three files: Table 2.1 includes Canada, Provinces and Territories (14), CDs of NWT (6), CDs of Yukon (1) and CDs of Nunavut (3); Table 2.2 includes Canada and the CMAs of Canada excluding Ontario and Quebec (20 geographies); and Table 2.3 includes Canada and the CMAs of Canada that are in Ontario and Quebec (25 geographies). The dataset is in Beyond 20/20 (.ivt) format. The Beyond 20/20 browser is required in order to open it. This software can be freely downloaded from the Statistics Canada website: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/public/beyond20-20 (Windows only). For information on how to use Beyond 20/20, please see: http://odesi2.scholarsportal.info/documentation/Beyond2020/beyond20-quickstart.pdf https://wiki.ubc.ca/Library:Beyond_20/20_Guide Custom order from Statistics Canada includes the following dimensions and data fields: Geography: - Country of Canada as a whole - All 10 Provinces (Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island (PEI), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia) as a whole - All 3 Territories (Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon), as a whole as well as all census divisions (CDs) within the 3 territories - All 43 census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in Canada Data Quality and Suppression: - The global non-response rate (GNR) is an important measure of census data quality. It combines total non-response (households) and partial non-response (questions). A lower GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and, as a result, a lower risk of inaccuracy. The counts and estimates for geographic areas with a GNR equal to or greater than 50% are not published in the standard products. The counts and estimates for these areas have a high risk of non-response bias, and in most cases, should not be released. - Area suppression is used to replace all income characteristic data with an 'x' for geographic areas with populations and/or number of households below a specific threshold. If a tabulation contains quantitative income data (e.g., total income, wages), qualitative data based on income concepts (e.g., low income before tax status) or derived data based on quantitative income variables (e.g., indexes) for individuals, families or households, then the following rule applies: income characteristic data are replaced with an 'x' for areas where the population is less than 250 or where the number of private households is less than 40. Source: Statistics Canada - When showing count data, Statistics Canada employs random rounding in order to reduce the possibility of identifying individuals within the tabulations. Random rounding transforms all raw counts to random rounded counts. Reducing the possibility of identifying individuals within the tabulations becomes pertinent for very small (sub)populations. All counts are rounded to a base of 5, meaning they will end in either 0 or 5. The random rounding algorithm controls the results and rounds the unit value of the count according to a predetermined frequency. Counts ending in 0 or 5 are not changed. Universe: Full Universe: Population aged 55 years and over in owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-reserve non-farm private dwellings. Definition of Households examined for Core Housing Need: Private, non-farm, non-reserve, owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'Core Housing Need.' Non-family Households with at least one household maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in Core Housing Need, regardless of their housing circumstances. Data Fields: Table 1: Age / Gender (12) 1. Total – Population 55 years and over 2. Men+ 3. Women+ 4. 55 to 64 years 5. Men+ 6. Women+ 7. 65+ years 8. Men+ 9. Women+ 10. 85+ 11. Men+ 12. Women+ Housing indicators (13) 1. Total – Private Households by core housing need status 2. Households below one standard only...

Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a set of three maps. The main map shows the labour force in incorporated and unincorporated centres with a population of 1000 and over for 1961. It is accompanied by a second map showing Ontario and Quebec in greater detail at a larger scale of 1:5 000 000. The third map shows northern centres at a smaller scale of 1:30 000 000.

Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the labour force in manufacturing by place of residence for population centres and complexes in 1961. The main map is accompanied by two smaller maps showing Eastern Ontario and Western Quebec and the Maritimes in greater detail (at a scale of 1:5 000 000). A set of graphs shows the percentage make up of urban / rural, male / female participants in the manufacturing labour forces for Canada, the provinces and the territories for 1961. An extensive supplementary text lists 174 population centres with a labour force over 500 and gives the total for each place as a percentage of the national labour force in manufacturing.

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows two maps. The first map that shows origins of the people in Maritime provinces and Eastern Quebec, circa 1901. The second map that shows origins of the people in Quebec and Ontario, circa 1901.A varying number of ethnic groups are shown, but mainly: English, Scotch [Scottish], Irish, French and German. People of British origin predominate all provinces, except Quebec, where the French predominated. The French also predominate in adjacent portions of Quebec, such as portions of eastern Ontario, northern New Brunswick, southwestern Nova Scotia, and in the southern portion of Cape Breton. In two small areas near Halifax, N.S., the map indicates descendants of deported persons from Jamaica. The Germans were principally descendants of United Empire Loyalists predominating portions of southern Nova Scotia, Waterlook, Lincoln and Welland counties. Communities with a population greater than 5000 people are shown as proportional dots on the map. In addition, major railway systems displayed.

Maps of the analysis of change between * mapping of heat islands/freshness 2020-2022 * and * mapping of heat/freshness islands using 2013-2014 data * on all major urban centers by two methods, i.e. - The map of the Difference between the differences of temperatures in °C ( 2020-2022 * minus * 2013-2014)), which is calculated at the pixel level and produced at the scale of the Quebec ecumene (2016 census, 2016 census, 167,764 km2). The temperature difference is the difference in temperature in the city compared to a nearby wooded area. A positive value of the difference in temperature differences represents an increase in the temperature gap in 2020-2022 compared to 2013-2014, a negative value represents a decrease in the temperature difference in 2020-2022 compared to 2013-2014. - The map of SUHII index variation between 2020-2022 and 2013-2014 (%) , which represents the percentage of change in the Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity (SUHII) index between the two years. This map covers the extent of * 2021 census population centers * () * (CTRPOP) with at least 1,000 inhabitants and a density of at least 400 inhabitants per km2 to which a 2 km buffer zone is added and the values are calculated at the scale of the * dissemination island * of Statistics Canada. The SUHII index highlights areas with higher heat island intensity, by calculating a weighted average from the temperature difference classes, giving more weight to the hottest classes. Index change values below 100% represent a decrease in the intensity of UHIs in 2020-2022 compared to 2013-2014. Values greater than 100% represent an increase in UHI intensity between 2013-2014 and 2020-2022. Values around 100% correspond to an absence of change. The temperature difference classes were produced by the k-means algorithm, which takes into account the distribution of temperature difference values in a population center in a given year. The limits of temperature difference classes may therefore differ between the two years, which will influence the variation value of the SUHII index. For more details on the creation of the various maps as well as their advantages, limitations and potential uses, consult the * Technote * (simplified version) and/or the * methodological report * (full version). The production of this data was coordinated by the National Institute of Public Health of Quebec (INSPQ) and carried out by the forest remote sensing laboratory of the Center for Forestry Education and Research (CERFO), funded under the * 2013-2020 Climate Change Action Plan * of the Quebec government entitled Le Québec en action vert 2020.This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).

About 5 231 500 people reported to the 2001 Census that they were bilingual, compared with 4 841 300 five years earlier, an 8.1% increase. In 2001, these individuals represented 17.7% of the population, up from 17.0% in 1996. Nationally, 43.4% of francophones reported that they were bilingual, compared with 9.0% of anglophones. Within Quebec, the growth in the bilingualism rate from 1996 to 2001 was even greater than in the previous five-year period. In 2001, two out of every five individuals (40.8%) reported that they were bilingual, compared with 37.8% in 1996 and 35.4% in 1991.

Note: The data release is complete as of August 14th, 2023. 1. (Added April 4th) Canada and Census Divisions = Early April 2023 2. (Added May 1st) Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta Census Subdivisions (CSDs) = Late April 2023 3a. (Added June 8th) Manitoba and Saskatchewan CSDs 3b. (Added June 12th) Quebec CSDs = June 12th 2023 4. (Added June 30th) Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia CSDs = Early July 2023 5. (Added August 14th) Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut CSDs = Early August 2023. For more information, please visit HART.ubc.ca. Housing Assessment Resource Tools (HART) This dataset contains 18 tables which draw upon data from the 2021 Census of Canada. The tables are a custom order and contains data pertaining to core housing need and characteristics of households. 17 of the tables each cover a different geography in Canada: one for Canada as a whole, one for all Canadian census divisions (CD), and 15 for all census subdivisions (CSD) across Canada. The last table contains the median income for all geographies. Statistics Canada used these median incomes as the "area median household income (AMHI)," from which they derived some of the data fields within the Shelter Costs/Household Income dimension. Included alongside the data tables is a guide to HART's housing need assessment methodology. This guide is intended to support independent use of HART's custom data both to allow for transparent verification of our analysis, as well as supporting efforts to utilize the data for analysis beyond what HART did. There are many data fields in the data order that we did not use that may be of value for others. The dataset is in Beyond 20/20 (.ivt) format. The Beyond 20/20 browser is required in order to open it. This software can be freely downloaded from the Statistics Canada website: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/public/beyond20-20 (Windows only). For information on how to use Beyond 20/20, please see: http://odesi2.scholarsportal.info/documentation/Beyond2020/beyond20-quickstart.pdf https://wiki.ubc.ca/Library:Beyond_20/20_Guide Custom order from Statistics Canada includes the following dimensions and data fields: Geography: - Country of Canada, all CDs & Country as a whole - All 10 Provinces (Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island (PEI), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia), all CSDs & each Province as a whole - All 3 Territories (Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon), all CSDs & each Territory as a whole Data Quality and Suppression: - The global non-response rate (GNR) is an important measure of census data quality. It combines total non-response (households) and partial non-response (questions). A lower GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and, as a result, a lower risk of inaccuracy. The counts and estimates for geographic areas with a GNR equal to or greater than 50% are not published in the standard products. The counts and estimates for these areas have a high risk of non-response bias, and in most cases, should not be released. - Area suppression is used to replace all income characteristic data with an 'x' for geographic areas with populations and/or number of households below a specific threshold. If a tabulation contains quantitative income data (e.g., total income, wages), qualitative data based on income concepts (e.g., low income before tax status) or derived data based on quantitative income variables (e.g., indexes) for individuals, families or households, then the following rule applies: income characteristic data are replaced with an 'x' for areas where the population is less than 250 or where the number of private households is less than 40. Source: Statistics Canada - When showing count data, Statistics Canada employs random rounding in order to reduce the possibility of identifying individuals within the tabulations. Random rounding transforms all raw counts to random rounded counts. Reducing the possibility of identifying individuals within the tabulations becomes pertinent for very small (sub)populations. All counts greater than 10 are rounded to a base of 5, meaning they will end in either 0 or 5. The random rounding algorithm controls the results and rounds the unit value of the count according to a predetermined frequency. Counts ending in 0 or 5 are not changed. Counts of 10 or less are rounded to a base of 10, meaning they will be rounded to either 10 or zero. Universe: Full Universe: Private Households in Non-farm Non-band Off-reserve Occupied Private Dwellings with Income Greater than zero. Households examined for Core Housing Need: Private, non-farm, non-reserve, owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'Core Housing Need.' Non-family Households with at least one household maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in Core Housing...

Canada has two official languages, English and French. In 2006, about 17.4% of the population were bilingual, as they were able to conduct a conversation in both official languages. People living in Quebec reported the highest percentage of being bilingual. New Brunswick, the only officially bilingual province in Canada, had the highest bilingualism rate among Anglophones (16.0%) outside Quebec. People living in Eastern Ontario and in the Greater Sudbury area also reported a higher rate of bilingualism compared to the other parts of Canada. For the rest of Canada, the rate of bilingualism varied among the provinces and territories. In some regions, the rate of bilingualism reached as high as 15%.

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate map that shows 2 maps. The first map shows the origins of the people in British Columbia and Alberta, circa 1901. The second map shows the origins of the people in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. A varying number of ethnic groups are shown, but always included are: English, Scotch [Scottish], Irish, French and German. People of British origin predominate in all provinces, except Quebec, where the French predominate. Germans, principally descendants of United Empire Loyalists, predominate in portions of Alberta, displaying a cosmopolitan population due to immigration from Great Britain and Europe. Communities with a population greater than 5000 people are shown as proportional dots on the map. In addition, major railway systems displayed. The map displays the rectangular survey system which records the land that is available to the public. This grid like system is divided into sections, townships, range, and meridian from mid-Manitoba to Alberta.

Home furnishings stores in Canada serve as a vital retail channel connecting consumers with décor, textiles, lighting and household accessories across diverse market segments. The industry is expected to generate $10.5 billion in revenue in 2025, achieving 0.8% growth as retailers navigated recovery from post-pandemic volatility characterized by earlier demand surges followed by sharp contraction. Over the five-year period ending 2025, revenue expanded at a modest 0.4% CAGR, reflecting mature market dynamics shaped by elevated interest rates, persistent inflation and supply chain disruptions compressing the profit margin. Digital transformation has emerged as the defining competitive imperative, with e-commerce channels capturing accelerating share as major retailers invest in augmented reality visualization tools and omnichannel fulfillment capabilities to defend positions against online pure-plays. Consumer preferences have shifted toward customization, sustainability and multifunctional designs, while regulatory scrutiny of marketing practices intensified following investigations into potentially deceptive promotional tactics by market-leading chains. The industry structure remains highly fragmented with over 10,000 established stores competing across national banners, regional chains, specialty independents and digital-native brands. Low barriers to entry sustain competitive intensity, though operators face substantial cost pressures across purchase expenses representing the largest component, labor remuneration challenged by productivity declines and fixed rental obligations for large-format showrooms. Geographic concentration centers on Ontario commanding over one-third of market share driven by Greater Toronto's population density, while Quebec delivers steady growth through affordable housing markets and British Columbia leads projected expansion fueled by immigration and eco-conscious demographics. Buyers wield significant bargaining power through abundant choice and price transparency intensifying promotional pressures, while suppliers exert leverage via import concentration and branded portfolio control, though moderately fragmented manufacturing bases provide alternatives. The outlook anticipates accelerating momentum with revenue projected to reach $11.9 billion by 2030, representing 2.5% CAGR as digital channels eliminate traditional barriers through advanced visualization technologies, sustainability demands intensify from environmentally conscious generations and smart furniture integration transitions to mainstream. E-commerce platforms offering augmented reality previews and virtual try-before-you-buy experiences will capture expanding share, compelling traditional retailers to invest in mobile-responsive platforms and seamless omnichannel integration. Environmental responsibility will evolve from competitive differentiator to baseline expectation as younger consumers prioritize eco-conscious designs, while physical retail transforms into experiential hubs complementing digital channels through hybrid strategies combining showroom consultations with online transaction completion.​

Number, percentage and rate (per 100,000 population) of homicide victims, by racialized identity group (total, by racialized identity group; racialized identity group; South Asian; Chinese; Black; Filipino; Arab; Latin American; Southeast Asian; West Asian; Korean; Japanese; other racialized identity group; multiple racialized identity; racialized identity, but racialized identity group is unknown; rest of the population; unknown racialized identity group), gender (all genders; male; female; gender unknown) and region (Canada; Atlantic region; Quebec; Ontario; Prairies region; British Columbia; territories), 2019 to 2024.