View data of the S&P 500, an index of the stocks of 500 leading companies in the US economy, which provides a gauge of the U.S. equity market.

China's main stock market index, the SHANGHAI, rose to 3606 points on July 24, 2025, gaining 0.65% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 4.33% and is up 24.91% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from China. China Shanghai Composite Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 Index is an index of 500 leading publicly traded companies in the United States. In 2021, the index value closed at ******** points, which was the second highest value on record despite the economic effects of the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In 2023, the index values closed at ********, the highest value ever recorded. What is the S&P 500? The S&P 500 was established in 1860 and expanded to its present form of 500 stocks in 1957. It tracks the price of stocks on the major stock exchanges in the United States, distilling their performance down to a single number that investors can use as a snapshot of the economy’s performance at a given moment. This snapshot can be explored further. For example, the index can be examined by industry sector, which gives a more detailed illustration of the economy. Other measures Being a stock market index, the S&P 500 only measures equities performance. In addition to other stock market indices, analysts will look to other indicators such as GDP growth, unemployment rates, and projected inflation. Similarly, since these indicators say something about the economic future, stock market investors will use these indicators to speculate on the stocks in the S&P 500.

United States FCI-G Index: 1-Yr Lookback: Stock Market data was reported at -0.084 Index in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.306 Index for Feb 2025. United States FCI-G Index: 1-Yr Lookback: Stock Market data is updated monthly, averaging -0.212 Index from Jan 1990 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 423 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.267 Index in Feb 2009 and a record low of -0.864 Index in Mar 2021. United States FCI-G Index: 1-Yr Lookback: Stock Market data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S021: Financial Conditions Impulse on Growth.

United Kingdom's main stock market index, the GB100, rose to 9138 points on July 24, 2025, gaining 0.85% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 4.81% and is up 11.63% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from United Kingdom. United Kingdom Stock Market Index (GB100) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

United States FCI-G Index: Stock Market data was reported at -0.413 Index in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.562 Index for Feb 2025. United States FCI-G Index: Stock Market data is updated monthly, averaging -0.372 Index from Jan 1990 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 423 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.287 Index in Feb 2009 and a record low of -1.023 Index in Apr 1998. United States FCI-G Index: Stock Market data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S021: Financial Conditions Impulse on Growth.

Graph and download economic data for NASDAQ Composite Index (NASDAQCOM) from 1971-02-05 to 2025-07-23 about NASDAQ, composite, stock market, indexes, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for CBOE Volatility Index: VIX (VIXCLS) from 1990-01-02 to 2025-07-21 about VIX, volatility, stock market, and USA.

The latest closing stock price for Bank Of America as of May 27, 2025 is 44.22. An investor who bought $1,000 worth of Bank Of America stock at the IPO in 1984 would have $30,631 today, roughly 31 times their original investment - a 8.79% compound annual growth rate over 41 years. The all-time high Bank Of America stock closing price was 47.44 on February 06, 2025. The Bank Of America 52-week high stock price is 48.08, which is 8.7% above the current share price. The Bank Of America 52-week low stock price is 33.06, which is 25.2% below the current share price. The average Bank Of America stock price for the last 52 weeks is 42.15. For more information on how our historical price data is adjusted see the Stock Price Adjustment Guide.

Key information about Japan Market Capitalization

• Japan Market Capitalization accounted for 6,358.159 USD bn in Feb 2025, compared with a percentage of 6,419.508 USD bn in the previous month
• Japan Market Capitalization is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to Feb 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 6,919.601 USD bn in Sep 2021 and a record low of 4.473 USD bn in Aug 1957

CEIC converts monthly Market Capitalization into USD. Japan Exchange Group Inc. provides Market Capitalization in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Market Capitalization covers Tokyo Stock Exchange only, which is not the only equity market in the country but is highly representative. Before July 2013 Total Market Capitalization of TSE covers TSE 1st Section Shares, 2nd Section Shares and Mothers Shares. Since July 2013, Total Market Capitalization of TSE also covers Market Capitalization of Tokyo Pro Market Shares, JASDAQ Standard Shares and JASDAQ Growth Shares. On April 2022, the stock market was restructured into three new market segments (Prime Market, Standard Market, and Growth Market) replacing previous four market divisions: 1st Section, 2nd Section, Mothers, and JASDAQ (Standard and Growth).

During the period beginning roughly in the mid-1980s until the Global Financial Crisis (2007-2008), the U.S. economy experienced a time of relative economic calm, with low inflation and consistent GDP growth. Compared with the turbulent economic era which had preceded it in the 1970s and the early 1980s, the lack of extreme fluctuations in the business cycle led some commentators to suggest that macroeconomic issues such as high inflation, long-term unemployment and financial crises were a thing of the past. Indeed, the President of the American Economic Association, Professor Robert Lucas, famously proclaimed in 2003 that "central problem of depression prevention has been solved, for all practical purposes". Ben Bernanke, the future chairman of the Federal Reserve during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and 2022 Nobel Prize in Economics recipient, coined the term 'the Great Moderation' to describe this era of newfound economic confidence. The era came to an abrupt end with the outbreak of the GFC in the Summer of 2007, as the U.S. financial system began to crash due to a downturn in the real estate market.

Causes of the Great Moderation, and its downfall

A number of factors have been cited as contributing to the Great Moderation including central bank monetary policies, the shift from manufacturing to services in the economy, improvements in information technology and management practices, as well as reduced energy prices. The period coincided with the term of Fed chairman Alan Greenspan (1987-2006), famous for the 'Greenspan put', a policy which meant that the Fed would proactively address downturns in the stock market using its monetary policy tools. These economic factors came to prominence at the same time as the end of the Cold War (1947-1991), with the U.S. attaining a new level of hegemony in global politics, as its main geopolitical rival, the Soviet Union, no longer existed. During the Great Moderation, the U.S. experienced a recession twice, between July 1990 and March 1991, and again from March 2001 tom November 2001, however, these relatively short recessions did not knock the U.S. off its growth path. The build up of household and corporate debt over the early 2000s eventually led to the Global Financial Crisis, as the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble in 2007 reverberated across the financial system, with a subsequent credit freeze and mass defaults.

During the latter part of the 1990s, United States economic growth was boosted by sizable increases in business purchases of information processing equipment and software, otherwise known as high-tech capital goods. Beginning in 2000, though, firms began to curtail these expenditures. By 2001, high-tech and other forms of business investment were falling sharply. Indeed, much of the downturn in the growth of United States economic activity can be traced to the sharp decline in investment spending. Several explanations have been offered, from the acceleration in labor productivity -- the so-called "New Economy" story -- to the stock market surge and subsequent collapse. One explanation that has not been explored in much detail is the surge in business purchases of hardware and software in preparation for the century data change (Y2K). Because many information processing systems and much of the hardware and software were not Y2K-compliant as late as 1998, it was thought that business investment in high-tech equipment and software would increase appreciably to fix this problem. Although solid Y2K spending data are lacking, the evidence presented in this paper indicates that the magnitude and timing of Y2K-related expenditures make it unlikely that the investment boom and bust was a Y2K event.

The price of Bank of America shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange fluctuated significantly during the period from 1990 to 2023, as of year-end. The price of one Bank of America share amounted to ***** U.S. dollars in 2021, which was the highest price since 2006. At the end of 2022, however, the share price dropped to ***** U.S. dollars, a significant decrease compared to a year earlier. At the end of 2023, the share price of the bank was ***** U.S. dollars.

Between January 1971 and May 2025, gold had average annual returns of **** percent, which was only slightly more than the return of commodities, with an annual average of around eight percent. The annual return of gold was over ** percent in 2024. What is the total global demand for gold? The global demand for gold remains robust owing to its historical importance, financial stability, and cultural appeal. During economic uncertainty, investors look for a safe haven, while emerging markets fuel jewelry demand. A distinct contrast transpired during COVID-19, when the global demand for gold experienced a sharp decline in 2020 owing to a reduction in consumer spending. However, the subsequent years saw an increase in demand for the precious metal. How much gold is produced worldwide? The production of gold depends mainly on geological formations, market demand, and the cost of production. These factors have a significant impact on the discovery, extraction, and economic viability of gold mining operations worldwide. In 2024, the worldwide production of gold was expected to reach *** million ounces, and it is anticipated that the rate of growth will increase as exploration technologies improve, gold prices rise, and mining practices improve.

The U.S. federal funds rate peaked in 2023 at its highest level since the 2007-08 financial crisis, reaching 5.33 percent by December 2023. A significant shift in monetary policy occurred in the second half of 2024, with the Federal Reserve implementing regular rate cuts. By December 2024, the rate had declined to 4.48 percent. What is a central bank rate? The federal funds rate determines the cost of overnight borrowing between banks, allowing them to maintain necessary cash reserves and ensure financial system liquidity. When this rate rises, banks become more inclined to hold rather than lend money, reducing the money supply. While this decreased lending slows economic activity, it helps control inflation by limiting the circulation of money in the economy. Historic perspective The federal funds rate historically follows cyclical patterns, falling during recessions and gradually rising during economic recoveries. Some central banks, notably the European Central Bank, went beyond traditional monetary policy by implementing both aggressive asset purchases and negative interest rates.

Graph and download economic data for S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller WA-Seattle Home Price Index (SEXRNSA) from Jan 1990 to Apr 2025 about Seattle, WA, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The hedge fund industry boomed in the 1990s, and the value of assets managed by hedge funds worldwide grew steadily until 2007. The value fell markedly the following year because of the financial crisis and did not recover until 2013. In 2024, the value of assets under management (AUM) of hedge funds reached over **** trillion U.S. dollars. Which firms dominate the hedge fund industry? The biggest hedge funds in the market typically attain their size by combining exceptional results, a solid track record, and efficient risk management tactics. In 2023, Field Street Capital Management was the biggest hedge fund company, with nearly *** billion U.S. dollars of assets under management. Some other prominent global hedge funds by AUM include Citadel, Bridgewater Associates, Mariner Investment Group LLC, etc. These industry giants often boast a diverse range of investment strategies and maintain a global presence, which allows them to capitalize on opportunities across diverse sectors and assets. Hedge Funds: What's changing? Hedge funds constantly tweak their investment strategies to keep up with market shifts. The cryptocurrency market introduces a novel asset class that is distinct from traditional financial markets. Therefore, the primary reason behind hedge funds investing in digital assets was to diversify their portfolios. The escalating interest in cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology prompted hedge funds to explore new prospects and risks associated with digital assets. In 2021, the average assets under management of crypto hedge funds more than doubled from the previous year, rising from ** to ** million U.S. dollars.