Bedrock is the solid rock at or below the land surface. Over much of Ireland, the bedrock is covered by materials such as soil and gravel. The Bedrock maps show what the land surface of Ireland would be made up of if these materials were removed. As the bedrock is commonly covered, bedrock maps are an interpretation of the available data. Geologists map and record information on the composition and structure of rock outcrops (rock which can be seen on the land surface) and boreholes (a deep narrow round hole drilled in the ground). Areas are drawn on a map to show the distribution of rocks. The Geological Lines show the details of the structural geology; faults, folds and unconformities. Faults and folds are the result of great pressure being applied to rock across a whole continent or more. These rocks will either break under the pressure, forming faults, or they will bend to form folds. Faults are recorded in the Geological Lines layer as lines where the break in the rock meets the surface. Folds are shown only using the lines of their axes, synclinal (where the rock folds downwards) and anticlinal (where the rock folds upwards). Unconformities are where there is a gap in the rock record, typically where rock has been eroded away in the past and a new rock deposited on top.Geologists map and record information on the structural geology. Lines are drawn on a map to show the location and extent of these structures. The structural symbols layer is used to describe the geology of an area through dip and strike information. Dip and strike describe the behaviour of the rock bedding plane. To describe a geometric plane two values are required; the angle from horizontal that it is dipping and the direction that it is dipping. Geologists describe the dip direction by the strike value; this is the azimuth perpendicular to the steepest dip of the plane.The measurements that this layer contains give information about the geometry of the rock units under the ground. These measurements are the only way to see if the rocks are folded and faulted and how. With this information we can also start to see why the rocks have the shapes that they do.In terms of time scale in geology, Quaternary is the present-day time and it began 2.6 million years ago. A lot of this time period relates to the Ice Age.Quaternary sediments are the soft material that has been deposited during this time. In Ireland much of this is related to the movement of glaciers and ice sheets. The main types of sediments shown on the map are tills (boulder clays), gravels, sands and peat. Over most parts of Ireland, these sediments cover the bedrock (solid rock at or below the land surface).Geologists map and record information from the shallow sediments which can be seen at or near the surface. This information along with boreholes (a deep narrow round hole drilled in the ground), geophysical data (information on the physical properties of the Earth's surface and subsurface e.g. magnetics, gravity and electromagnetics) and geochemical data (chemical properties) is used to create the map. Areas are drawn on a map to show where sediments are found.Quaternary geomorphology is the record of landscape features that were created in the last 2.6 million years. In Ireland, movement of glaciers and ice sheets created many of these features. The main features included are; erratic dispersion; landforms created under ice; landforms created at the ice margin and landforms created by mountain ice.An erratic is a rock which has been moved by ice and deposited in another location. Erratics are identified as the erractic rock type is different to the usual rocks found in that location. Geologists study the composition of erratics and can determine where the rock came from (the source). Once the source is known, the direction of ice flow can be determined (Inferred Erratic Path). The end of these erratic flow paths are termed erratic limits.Subglacial landforms are created beneath the ice. They were created during ice expansion. An example of these are drumlins. Drumlins are smooth, oval-shaped hills, shaped like a half-buried egg. They are made up of glacial till. As the glaciers retreated, they left these deposits behind. The exact process of drumlin formation is unknown. Mega-scale glacial lineations, like drumlins, are typically smooth hills of subglacially-deposited material, but are much longer. They are produced beneath zones of fast-flowing ice. Striae (Glacial striations) are scratches or gashes cut into bedrock by glacial movement, usually by particles embedded in glacier ice. They provide a reliable record of ice flow direction.Deglacial landforms are created at the ice margin. They were created during ice retreat. A moraine is material left behind by a moving glacier. Kame terraces, deltas and fans are all ice marginal landforms deposited by water issuing from a glacier.Landforms created by mountain ice include corries and trimlines. A corrie (cirque) is a half open, steep-sided round hollow made in the side of a mountain by the action of a glacier. A trimline is a clear line on the side of a valley formed by a glacier. The line marks the most recent highest extent of the glacier. The line may be visible due to changes in color to the rock or to changes in vegetation on either side of the line.Geologists map and record evidence during field visits, from air photographs and from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). This data along with boreholes (a deep narrow round hole drilled in the ground) and geophysics help to create the map. Areas are drawn on a map to show where features are found, lines are drawn to show the direction of other features and some features are shown as points.These are vector datasets. Vector data portray the world using points, lines, and polygons (areas).

[from 'http://www.gsi.gov.in/quake.htm']

The first seismic zoning map of India was compiled by the Geological Survey of India in 1935. The map was based on the extent of the damage suffered in a particular region due to earthquake in the areas with an intensity higher than Rossi-Forel Intensiity VII (MM Intensity VIII). Since then a number of modifications have been made in the seismic zoning map of the country under the aegis of the Indian Bureau of Standards (BIS) as an important part of the standards for the Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures. The seismic zoning map is under revision by the BIS.

Groundwater is the water that soaks into the ground from rain and can be stored beneath the ground. Groundwater floods occur when the water stored beneath the ground rises above the land surface. The Groundwater Flooding High Probability mapshows the expected flood extent of groundwater flooding in limestone regions for annual exceedance probabilities (AEP’s) of 10%, which correspond with a return period of every 10 years. The map was created using groundwater levels measured in the field, satellite images and hydrological models The map is a vector dataset. The floods are shown as polygons. Each polygon has info on the data source, and the area of the flood.The flood extents were calculated using remote sensing data and hydrological modelling techniques with various precision levels. As such, it should be used with caution.The Groundwater Flooding Medium Probability mapshows the expected flood extent of groundwater flooding in limestone regions for annual exceedance probabilities (AEP’s) of 1%, which correspond with a return period of every 100 years. The map was created using groundwater levels measured in the field, satellite images and hydrological models The map is a vector dataset. The floods are shown as polygons. Each polygon has info on the data source, and the area of the flood.The flood extents were calculated using remote sensing data and hydrological modelling techniques with various precision levels. As such, it should be used with caution.The Groundwater Flooding Low Probability mapshows the expected flood extent of groundwater flooding in limestone regions for annual exceedance probabilities (AEP’s) of 0.1%, which correspond with a return period of every 1000 years.The map was created using groundwater levels measured in the field, satellite images and hydrological models .The map is a vector dataset. Vector data portray the world using points, lines, and polygons (area). The floods are shown as polygons. Each polygon has info on the data source, and the area of the flood.The flood extents were calculated using remote sensing data and hydrological modelling techniques with various precision levels. As such, it should be used with caution.

GIS layer containing spatial and attribute information about geological features, such as rock types, faults, mineral deposits, or structural formations etc.

This data represents the latest version of the bedrock geological dataset for the Rep of Ireland at the 1:100,000 scale digital geological map series. The dataset comprises 4 key feature-classes. 1) Bedrock Rock Units 1:100k - A polygon shapefile that contains bedrock geological information on Stratigraphy, Igneous, Lithology and Diagentic codes, their unitnames and brief descriptions. 2) Bedrock Stratigraphic and Structural lines 1:100k - A linework shapefile that contains structural geological linework codes, stratigraphic geological line codes and descriptions and map sheet cross sections as per paper printed maps. 3) Bedrock Structural Symbols 1:100k - A point shapefile that contains selected structural data from the 19th century 6" mapping. 4) Bedrock Outcrop - A polygon shapefile that contains outcrop locations from the 19th century 6" inch mapping and other sources such as mineral exploration reports

Landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS mapping to map areas prone to landslides. Adopting a test methodology for systematic landslide susceptibility mapping for the whole of Ireland.

The data set consists of 1:25,000 topographic maps covering Lutzow-Holm Bukt coast and major bare rock areas and inland mountains. The contour interval is 10 m. Maps of Lutzow-Holm Bukt coast were published in 1965 - 1986, and those of Prince Olav coast in 1974 - 1985. Total number of map sheets for these areas is 61. Maps of Yamato Mountains were published in 1980 with 11 sheets. All maps have been digitized into raster data and are available with TIFF format.

This data represents a seamless bedrock geological dataset encompassing Republic of Ireland and parts of Northern Ireland. The seamless geological dataset was created from the GSI Bedrock 1:100,000 scale digital geological map series.

The dataset comprises 6 key shape files.

1) Bed100k.shp - A polygon shapefile that contains bedrock geological information on Stratigraphy, Igneous, Lithology and Diagentic codes, their unitnames and brief descriptions.

Fields: AREA: Area of the polygon in square metres. Field type: Double. PERIMETER: Perimeter of polygons in metres: Field type: Double. NEWCODE: unique identifier for every formation or member. Field type: String. SHEETNO: 100k sheets from which they originated before creating the seamless version. Field type: Double. STRATCODE: Stratigraphic code for unit, as labeled on printed maps and their legends. Field type: String. LITHCODE: Lithological code. Field type: String. DESCRIPT: Brief description of the dominant rock types. Field type: String. C,M,Y,K: cyan, magenta, yellow and black percentage. Field types: Double. UNITNAME: Name of the geological formation or member. Field Type: String.

2) Index100k.shp - An overlay polygon index of 1:100,000 scale printed map sheets.

Fields: SHEETNO: 1:100,000 printed sheet number. Field type: Double.

3) Struc100k.shp (Structural Linework) - A linework shapefile that contains structural geological linework codes and descriptions

Fields: LENGTH: Length of the feature in metres: Field type: Float. CODE: Unique identifier for structure type. Field type: String. SHEET: The 1:100,000 printed map sheet number on which the structure was originally located. Field type: Double. FOLDNAME: Name field for regionally important folds. Field type: String. FAULTNAME: Name field for regionally important faults. Field type: String. ADDITION: Additional information field for structure. Field type: String. DESCRIPT: Description of structure type. Field type: String. SLIDE: Name field for regionally important slides. Field type: String.

4) Strat100k.shp (Stratigraphic Linework) - A linework shapefile that contains stratigraphic geological line codes and descriptions.

Fields: LENGTH: Length of the feature in metres: Field type: Float. CODE: Unique identifier for stratigraphic line type. Field type: String. SHEET: The 1:100,000 printed map sheet number on which the stratigraphic line was originally located. Field type: Double. DESCRIPT: Description of stratigraphic line type. Field type: String. ADDITION: Additional information field for stratigraphic line. Field type: String. DYKELABEL: Igneous dyke code identifier. Field type: String. STRATCODE: Stratigraphic code for narrow formations or members which are represented by a line rather than a polygon in Bed100k. Field type: String. LITHCODE: Lithological code for narrow formations or members which are represented by a line rather than a polygon in Bed100k. Field type: String.

5) Sect100k.shp (Crosss section) - A linework shapefile indicating the locations of map sheet cross sections as per paper printed maps.

Fields: LENGTH: Length of the feature in metres. Field type: Double. XSECTNAME: The name of the cross section, as determined by the letters indicating the starting point, intermediate turning points and end point on the printed map sheets and as on the marginalia diagrams. Field type: String. SHEETNO: The 1:100,000 map sheet on whose marginalia the cross-section diagram is published. Field type: Double.

6) Mins100k.shp - A point shapefile contains mineral and quarry descriptions from Bedrock 1:100,000 map series. This is a subset of the MINLOCS database held by Minerals Section in the GSI.

Fields: CODE: GSI Minerals Section code for the type of deposit. Field type: String. MINTEXT: Short code indicating dominant mineral type(s). Field type: String. SHEET: 1:100,000 printed map sheet on which the deposit occurs. Field type: Long. LOCNUM: MINLOCS database unique identifier for deposit. Field type: Double. DESCRIPTION: Descriptive comment on the type of mine or quarry. Field type: String. MINLEGEND: Descriptive text, based on the MINTEXT field, lisitng the dominant mineral type(s). Field type: String.

The original printed map series and seamless dataset is based on the © Ordnance Survey of Ireland topological maps at 1/2 inch to one mile which were converted photographically to the metric 1:100,000 scale by the Geological Survey of Ireland Cartographic Unit. The topological base maps are not provided in the data set.

GSI's online geodata portal including: Minerals, geological mapping, boreholes, hydrogeology and marine data. The data in this Viewer incorporates data from many National Projects and Programmes : INFOMAR, Bedrock Mapping, Quaternary, Groundwater etc.

Website: http://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=a30af518e87a4c0ab2fbde2aaac3c228

This dataset contains bedrock units created by grouping bedrock formations and members based on their hydrogeological properties and other factors.

Bedrock outcrop polylines have been derived from digitising outcrop locations from scanned 19th Century GSI field maps. The data was derived from mapping at a scale of 1:10,560 (6 inches to one mile). Individual map sheets were geo-referenced to an index polygon and checked against an OSi 1:50,000 raster base for spatial accuracy.

The map shows observed peak flood extents which took place between Autumn 2016 and Summer 2017. The map was made using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from the Copernicus Programme Sentinel-1 satellites. SAR systems emit radar pulses and record the return signal at the satellite. Flat surfaces such as water return a low signal. Based on this low signal, SAR imagery can be classified into non-flooded and flooded (i.e. flat) pixels.Flood extents were created using Python 2.7 algorithms developed by Geological Survey Ireland. They were refined using a series of post processing filters. Please read the lineage for more information.The flood map shows flood extents which have been observed to occur. A lack of flooding in any part of the map only implies that a flood was not observed. It does not imply that a flood cannot occur in that location at present or in the future.This flood extent map is to the scale 1:20,000. This means it should be viewed at that scale. When printed at that scale 1cm on the map relates to a distance of 200m.It is a vector dataset. Vector data portray the world using points, lines, and polygons (areas). The flood extents are shown as polygons. Each polygon has information on the confidence of the flood extent (high, medium or low), a flood id and a unique id.

Following two major landslide incidences in Ireland in 2003 in Galway and Mayo the Geological Survey Ireland established the Irish Landslides Working Group (ILWG) in 2004. It was felt important that it should be a multi-disciplinary team, bringing together various types of expertise which are relevant to landslide studies. This point is often stressed in the international literature on the subject (Brunsden, 1993). The Group includes expertise on geology (Bedrock and Quaternary), geomorphology, geotechnical engineering, planning, and GIS. The participants were drawn from state and semi-state agencies, and also the universities.

This data was collected by the Geological Survey Ireland, the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, the Discovery Programme, the Heritage Council, Transport Infrastructure Ireland, New York University, the Office of Public Works and Westmeath County Council. All data formats are provided as GeoTIFF rasters but are at different resolutions. Data resolution varies depending on survey requirements. Resolutions for each organisation are as follows: GSI – 1m DCHG/DP/HC - 0.13m, 0.14m, 1m NY – 1m TII – 2m OPW – 2m WMCC - 0.25m Both a DTM and DSM are raster data. Raster data is another name for gridded data. Raster data stores information in pixels (grid cells). Each raster grid makes up a matrix of cells (or pixels) organised into rows and columns. The grid cell size varies depending on the organisation that collected it. GSI data has a grid cell size of 1 meter by 1 meter. This means that each cell (pixel) represents an area of 1 meter squared.

This Hydrostratigraphic Rock Unit Groups map is a reclassification of the 1:100,000 bedrock geology map, created by grouping bedrock formations and members into 27 Rock Unit Group categories based on their hydrogeological properties and other factors.

The data set is 1:250,000 satellite image maps derived from Landsat MSS images. The maps consist of 8 sheets covering bare rock areas in Prince Olav Coast, Lutzow-Holm Bukta, Riiser-Larsen Peninsula, and Sor-Rondane.

A shipwreck is the remains of a ship that has wrecked. Shipwrecks are located either beached on land or sunken at the bottom of the sea. The shipwreck data shows the location of shipwrecks mapped in the sea around Ireland. Research ships working at sea map shipwrecks and other objects on the seafloor. The ships collect bathymetry data. Bathymetry is the measurement of how deep the sea is. Bathymetry is the study of the shape and features of the seabed. The name comes from Greek words meaning "deep" and “measure". At sea, these ships use special equipment called a multibeam echosounder. A multibeam echosounder is a type of sonar that is used to map the seabed. Like other sonar systems, this system emits sound waves in a fan shape beneath the ship. The amount of time it takes for the sound waves to bounce off the bottom of the sea and return to a receiver is used to determine water depth. Shipwrecks are easily spotted as features on the seabed.When a shipwreck is mapped, it’s location is added to the shipwreck dataset. Additional information such as the name of the wreck and its date of loss are also added (sourced from the Underwater Archaeology Shipwreck database).It is a vector dataset. Vector data portrays the world using points, lines and polygons (areas). The shipwreck data is shown as points. Each point holds information on the shipwreck, its name, length, width, the type of ship, the date when it sank and the water depth. Links to an image of the wreck, a 3D sketchfab model and a pdf wreck information sheet are also provided if available. Our shipwrecks were mapped as part of the Irish National Seabed Survey (INSS) and INFOMAR (Integrated Mapping for the Sustainable Development of Ireland’s Marine Resource).

The data set is color and black/white aerial photographs taken by the Japan Antarctic Research Expedition in eastern Dronning Maud Land. The color aerial photographs were used to produce 1:2,500 and 1:10,000 color ortho-photomaps in Prince Olav Coast, Lutzow -Holm Bukta, Riiser-Larsen Peninsula, and Sor-Rondane. The black/white aerial photographs were used to produce 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 topographic maps in Prince Olav coast, Lutzow-Holm Bukt coast, Yamato Mountains, and Sor-Rondane Mountains.

This dataset contains a complete coverage for all mapped and digitised striae features for the island of Ireland. The Subglacial Striae is part of the Subglacial Landform group.

The map forms part of the GSI Quaternary Map series. Data recorded on the maps includes the locations of striations, as well as attribute fields such as striae ID, X and Y co-ordinates, orientation, and accuracy.

This dataset has been only slightly modified from that kindly provided to GSI by Dr. Mike Smith of Kingston University, UK.

The map together with the catalogue constitute the dataset

This dataset contains a complete coverage for all mapped and digitised meltwater features for the island of Ireland. The map forms part of the GSI Quaternary Map series

Data recorded on the map includes the location and outline of the following geomorphological features:

1) Esker Ridge: - Complete coverage for all mapped and digitized locations of eskerbodies for Republic of Ireland including name of the landform, background data source and classification on the feature.The esker features have been compiled from a variety of sources, including academic papers, and the feature outlines were then drawn on OSi Colour Aerial Photography. An Esker is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel. Eskers are frequently several kilometres long and, because of their peculiar uniform shape, are somewhat like railway embankment.

2) Meltwater Channels: - Complete coverage for all mapped and digitized meltwater features for Republic of Ireland including name of the landform and background data source. The map forms part of the GSI Quaternary Map series. Data recorded on the map includes the locations of meltwater channels, as well as attribute fields such as data source and channel length.

Data recorded on the maps includes the locations of meltwater channels, as well as attribute fields such as data source and channel length.

The map together with the catalogue constitute the dataset