In 2024, ** percent of adults in the United States invested in the stock market. This figure has remained steady over the last few years, and is still below the levels before the Great Recession, when it peaked in 2007 at ** percent. What is the stock market? The stock market can be defined as a group of stock exchanges, where investors can buy shares in a publicly traded company. In more recent years, it is estimated an increasing number of Americans are using neobrokers, making stock trading more accessible to investors. Other investments A significant number of people think stocks and bonds are the safest investments, while others point to real estate, gold, bonds, or a savings account. Since witnessing the significant one-day losses in the stock market during the Financial Crisis, many investors were turning towards these alternatives in hopes for more stability, particularly for investments with longer maturities. This could explain the decrease in this statistic since 2007. Nevertheless, some speculators enjoy chasing the short-run fluctuations, and others see value in choosing particular stocks.

Currently, the stock market is attractive, and it is challenging to develop an efficient investment model with high accuracy due to changes in the values of the shares for political, economic, and social reasons. This paper presents an innovative proposal for a short-term, automatic investment model to reduce capital loss during trading, applying a reinforcement learning (RL) model. On the other hand, we propose an adaptable data window structure to enhance the learning and accuracy of investment agents in three foreign exchange markets: crude oil, gold, and the Euro. In addition, the RL model employs an actor-critic neural network with rectified linear unit (ReLU) neurons to generate specialized investment agents, enabling more efficient trading, minimizing investment losses across different time periods, and reducing the model's learning time. The proposed RL model obtained a reduction average loss of 0.03% in Euro, 0.25% in Gold, and 0.13% in Crude Oil in the test phase with varying initial conditions.

In 2025, stock markets in the United States accounted for roughly ** percent of world stocks. The next largest country by stock market share was China, followed by the European Union as a whole. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the NASDAQ are the largest stock exchange operators worldwide. What is a stock exchange? The first modern publicly traded company was the Dutch East Industry Company, which sold shares to the general public to fund expeditions to Asia. Since then, groups of companies have formed exchanges in which brokers and dealers can come together and make transactions in one space. Stock market indices group companies trading on a given exchange, giving an idea of how they evolve in real time. Appeal of stock ownership Over half of adults in the United States are investing money in the stock market. Stocks are an attractive investment because the possible return is higher than offered by other financial instruments.

Israel's main stock market index, the TA-125, rose to 3071 points on July 15, 2025, gaining 0.55% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 13.08% and is up 48.83% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Israel. Israel Stock Market (TA-125) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

It is forecast that the global online trading market will increase at a global compound annual growth rate of *** percent per year, increasing to an estimated **** billion U.S. dollars in 2026. This is from a base of around ***** billion U.S. dollars in 2022. Following the coronavirus pandemic beginning in 2020, online trading activity increased among millennial investors. Many online brokers, including Robinhood, experienced notable growth in the number of platform users from the second quarter of 2020 through to 2021. A low-cost business model, paired with technological integration and social media promotion were contributing factors to the popularity of online trading. What is an online trading platform? The online trading market is typically accessed through an online market broker, providing a platform for users to track market prices and execute buy and sell orders on financial securities. The user typically holds their portfolio through an online broker. The number of monthly downloads for leading online trading apps spiked in early 2021. While this was influenced by media attention to popular news stories such as the increase in the price of GameStop shares, online trading is expected to continue as an alternative to traditional investment methods. Factors driving online trading The integration of technology has improved investing activities. From a global survey, most respondents stated technology made investing easier, cheaper, and more efficient. The use of technology allowed information such as real-time data, industry and firm reports, and trading notifications to be more accessible directly to the investor. Online platforms had experienced an increase in the number of trades placed per day, in 2019, interactive brokers had an average of 1,380 trades placed per day. This number steadily increased to 3,905 trades per day in 2021. Technological integration allowed trading via online platforms to be an alternative to traditional methods of relying on an in-person full-service broker.

Turkey's main stock market index, the BIST 100, fell to 10255 points on July 14, 2025, losing 1.00% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 9.68%, though it remains 7.94% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Turkey. Turkey Stock Market - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

France's main stock market index, the FR40, fell to 7766 points on July 15, 2025, losing 0.54% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 0.31% and is up 2.46% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from France. France Stock Market Index (FR40) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Stock market trading via actor critic reinforcement learning and adaptable data structure Reinforcement learning in Matlab code and Euro, Gold, and Oil Data. Data: https://finance.yahoo.com/

China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Corporate Bond: Natural Person Investor data was reported at 3,182.000 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3,183.000 RMB mn for Feb 2025. China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Corporate Bond: Natural Person Investor data is updated monthly, averaging 4,442.000 RMB mn from Sep 2017 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 91 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,195.000 RMB mn in Apr 2022 and a record low of 2,662.000 RMB mn in Apr 2018. China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Corporate Bond: Natural Person Investor data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZA: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Composition of Bond Transaction and Held.

China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Proportion: Natural Person Investor data was reported at 0.200 % in Mar 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.200 % for Feb 2025. China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Proportion: Natural Person Investor data is updated monthly, averaging 0.220 % from Sep 2017 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 91 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.390 % in Dec 2022 and a record low of 0.160 % in Feb 2020. China Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Proportion: Natural Person Investor data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZA: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Composition of Bond Transaction and Held.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

ManpowerGroup (MAN) Stock Forecast: A Job-Creating Investment Opportunity

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

China's main stock market index, the SHANGHAI, fell to 3505 points on July 15, 2025, losing 0.42% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 3.43% and is up 17.76% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from China. China Shanghai Composite Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Like several other app industries, stock trading and investment saw a huge spike in usage during the coronavirus pandemic. Millions of people stuck at home were able to take advantage of new...

Techsalerator offers an extensive dataset of End-of-Day Pricing Data for all 214 companies listed on the Panama Stock Exchange (XPTY) in Panama. This dataset includes the closing prices of equities (stocks), bonds, and indices at the end of each trading session. End-of-day prices are vital pieces of market data that are widely used by investors, traders, and financial institutions to monitor the performance and value of these assets over time.

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Top 5 used data fields in the End-of-Day Pricing Dataset for Panama:

1. Equity Closing Price :The closing price of individual company stocks at the end of the trading day.This field provides insights into the final price at which market participants were willing to buy or sell shares of a specific company.

2. Bond Closing Price: The closing price of various fixed-income securities, including government bonds, corporate bonds, and municipal bonds. Bond investors use this field to assess the current market value of their bond holdings.

3. Index Closing Price: The closing value of market indices, such as the Botswana stock market index, at the end of the trading day. These indices track the overall market performance and direction.

4. Equity Ticker Symbol: The unique symbol used to identify individual company stocks. Ticker symbols facilitate efficient trading and data retrieval.

5. Date of Closing Price: The specific trading day for which the closing price is provided. This date is essential for historical analysis and trend monitoring.

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Top 5 financial instruments with End-of-Day Pricing Data in Panama:

Panamanian Stock Exchange Domestic Company Index: The main index that tracks the performance of domestic companies listed on the Panamanian Stock Exchange (Bolsa de Valores de Panamá). This index provides an overview of the overall market performance in Panama.

Panamanian Stock Exchange Foreign Company Index: The index that tracks the performance of foreign companies listed on the Panamanian Stock Exchange. This index reflects the performance of international companies operating in Panama.

Company A: A prominent Panamanian company with diversified operations across various sectors, such as shipping, logistics, or finance. This company's stock is widely traded on the Panamanian Stock Exchange.

Company B: A leading financial institution in Panama, offering banking, insurance, or investment services. This company's stock is actively traded on the Panamanian Stock Exchange.

Company C: A major player in the Panamanian energy or real estate sector, involved in the production and distribution of related products. This company's stock is listed and actively traded on the Panamanian Stock Exchange.

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If you're interested in accessing Techsalerator's End-of-Day Pricing Data for Panama, please contact info@techsalerator.com with your specific requirements. Techsalerator will provide you with a customized quote based on the number of data fields and records you need. The dataset can be delivered within 24 hours, and ongoing access options can be discussed if needed.

‍

Data fields included:

Equity Ticker Symbol Equity Closing Price Bond Ticker Symbol Bond Closing Price Index Ticker Symbol Index Closing Price Date of Closing Price Equity Name Equity Volume Equity High Price Equity Low Price Equity Open Price Bond Name Bond Coupon Rate Bond Maturity Index Name Index Change Index Percent Change Exchange Currency Total Market Capitalization Dividend Yield Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E) ‍

Q&A:

1. How much does the End-of-Day Pricing Data cost in Panama ?

The cost of this dataset may vary depending on factors such as the number of data fields, the frequency of updates, and the total records count. For precise pricing details, it is recommended to directly consult with a Techsalerator Data specialist.

1. How complete is the End-of-Day Pricing Data coverage in Panama?

Techsalerator provides comprehensive coverage of End-of-Day Pricing Data for various financial instruments, including equities, bonds, and indices. Thedataset encompasses major companies and securities traded on Panama exchanges.

1. How does Techsalerator collect this data?

Techsalerator collects End-of-Day Pricing Data from reliable sources, including stock exchanges, financial news outlets, and other market data providers. Data is carefully curated to ensure accuracy and reliability.

1. Can I select specific financial instruments or multiple countries with Techsalerator's End-of-Day Pricing Data?

Techsalerator offers the flexibility to select specific financial instruments, such as equities, bonds, or indices, depending on your needs. While the dataset focuses on Botswana, Techsalerator also provides data for other countries and international markets.

1. How do I pay for this dataset?

Techsalerator accepts various payment methods, including credit cards, direc...

Russia's main stock market index, the MOEX, fell to 2642 points on July 11, 2025, losing 3.31% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has declined 3.94% and is down 11.21% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Russia. Russia Stock Market Index MOEX CFD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Throughout the 1920s, prices on the U.S. stock exchange rose exponentially, however, by the end of the decade, uncontrolled growth and a stock market propped up by speculation and borrowed money proved unsustainable, resulting in the Wall Street Crash of October 1929. This set a chain of events in motion that led to economic collapse - banks demanded repayment of debts, the property market crashed, and people stopped spending as unemployment rose. Within a year the country was in the midst of an economic depression, and the economy continued on a downward trend until late-1932.

It was during this time where Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) was elected president, and he assumed office in March 1933 - through a series of economic reforms and New Deal policies, the economy began to recover. Stock prices fluctuated at more sustainable levels over the next decades, and developments were in line with overall economic development, rather than the uncontrolled growth seen in the 1920s. Overall, it took over 25 years for the Dow Jones value to reach its pre-Crash peak.

CN: Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Natural Person Investor data was reported at 35,162.000 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 34,597.000 RMB mn for Feb 2025. CN: Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Natural Person Investor data is updated monthly, averaging 31,355.000 RMB mn from Sep 2017 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 91 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 61,453.000 RMB mn in Dec 2022 and a record low of 14,700.000 RMB mn in Oct 2017. CN: Composition of Main Bond Spot Held: by Investor: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Holding Face Value: Natural Person Investor data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZA: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Composition of Bond Transaction and Held.

CN: Bond Spot Transaction: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Transaction Amount: Natural Person Investor data was reported at 645,100.000 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 642,702.000 RMB mn for Feb 2025. CN: Bond Spot Transaction: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Transaction Amount: Natural Person Investor data is updated monthly, averaging 390,201.000 RMB mn from Sep 2017 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 91 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,334,174.000 RMB mn in Jun 2022 and a record low of 9,713.000 RMB mn in Sep 2018. CN: Bond Spot Transaction: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Transaction Amount: Natural Person Investor data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZA: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Composition of Bond Transaction and Held.

Techsalerator offers an extensive dataset of End-of-Day Pricing Data for all 85 companies listed on the Jamaica Stock Exchange (XJAM) in Jamaica. This dataset includes the closing prices of equities (stocks), bonds, and indices at the end of each trading session. End-of-day prices are vital pieces of market data that are widely used by investors, traders, and financial institutions to monitor the performance and value of these assets over time.

‍

Top 5 used data fields in the End-of-Day Pricing Dataset for Jamaica:

1. Equity Closing Price :The closing price of individual company stocks at the end of the trading day.This field provides insights into the final price at which market participants were willing to buy or sell shares of a specific company.

2. Bond Closing Price: The closing price of various fixed-income securities, including government bonds, corporate bonds, and municipal bonds. Bond investors use this field to assess the current market value of their bond holdings.

3. Index Closing Price: The closing value of market indices, such as the Botswana stock market index, at the end of the trading day. These indices track the overall market performance and direction.

4. Equity Ticker Symbol: The unique symbol used to identify individual company stocks. Ticker symbols facilitate efficient trading and data retrieval.

5. Date of Closing Price: The specific trading day for which the closing price is provided. This date is essential for historical analysis and trend monitoring.

‍

Top 5 financial instruments with End-of-Day Pricing Data in Jamaica:

Jamaica Stock Exchange Domestic Company Index: The main index that tracks the performance of domestic companies listed on the Jamaica Stock Exchange. This index provides an overview of the overall market performance in Jamaica.

Jamaica Stock Exchange Foreign Company Index: The index that tracks the performance of foreign companies listed on the Jamaica Stock Exchange. This index reflects the performance of international companies operating in Jamaica.

Company A: A prominent Jamaican company with diversified operations across various sectors, such as tourism, agriculture, or finance. This company's stock is widely traded on the Jamaica Stock Exchange.

Company B: A leading financial institution in Jamaica, offering banking, insurance, or investment services. This company's stock is actively traded on the Jamaica Stock Exchange.

Company C: A major player in the Jamaican energy or manufacturing sector, involved in the production and distribution of related products. This company's stock is listed and actively traded on the Jamaica Stock Exchange.

‍

If you're interested in accessing Techsalerator's End-of-Day Pricing Data for Jamaica, please contact info@techsalerator.com with your specific requirements. Techsalerator will provide you with a customized quote based on the number of data fields and records you need. The dataset can be delivered within 24 hours, and ongoing access options can be discussed if needed.

‍

Data fields included:

Equity Ticker Symbol Equity Closing Price Bond Ticker Symbol Bond Closing Price Index Ticker Symbol Index Closing Price Date of Closing Price Equity Name Equity Volume Equity High Price Equity Low Price Equity Open Price Bond Name Bond Coupon Rate Bond Maturity Index Name Index Change Index Percent Change Exchange Currency Total Market Capitalization Dividend Yield Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E) ‍

Q&A:

1. How much does the End-of-Day Pricing Data cost in Jamaica ?

The cost of this dataset may vary depending on factors such as the number of data fields, the frequency of updates, and the total records count. For precise pricing details, it is recommended to directly consult with a Techsalerator Data specialist.

1. How complete is the End-of-Day Pricing Data coverage in Jamaica?

Techsalerator provides comprehensive coverage of End-of-Day Pricing Data for various financial instruments, including equities, bonds, and indices. Thedataset encompasses major companies and securities traded on Jamaica exchanges.

1. How does Techsalerator collect this data?

Techsalerator collects End-of-Day Pricing Data from reliable sources, including stock exchanges, financial news outlets, and other market data providers. Data is carefully curated to ensure accuracy and reliability.

1. Can I select specific financial instruments or multiple countries with Techsalerator's End-of-Day Pricing Data?

Techsalerator offers the flexibility to select specific financial instruments, such as equities, bonds, or indices, depending on your needs. While the dataset focuses on Botswana, Techsalerator also provides data for other countries and international markets.

1. How do I pay for this dataset?

Techsalerator accepts various payment methods, including credit cards, direct transfers, ACH, and wire transfers, fac...

Taiwan's main stock market index, the Taiwan Stock Market Index, fell to 22615 points on July 14, 2025, losing 0.60% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 2.56%, though it remains 5.29% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Taiwan. Taiwan Stock Market Index (TWSE) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.