In 2022, the total permanent resident population of Hainan province in China amounted to around ***** million inhabitants. Hainan is an island province located in the south of China.

Population: Hainan data was reported at 10.982 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.515 Person th for 2022. Population: Hainan data is updated yearly, averaging 7.696 Person th from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10,081.232 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 7.350 Person th in 2019. Population: Hainan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Region.

Population: Number of Household: Hainan data was reported at 3.180 Unit th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.084 Unit th for 2022. Population: Number of Household: Hainan data is updated yearly, averaging 2.054 Unit th from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,200.027 Unit th in 2020 and a record low of 1.637 Unit th in 1996. Population: Number of Household: Hainan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: No of Household.

Population: Census: Hainan: Danzhou data was reported at 954.259 Person th in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 932.362 Person th for 2010. Population: Census: Hainan: Danzhou data is updated yearly, averaging 932.362 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2020, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 954.259 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 835.465 Person th in 2000. Population: Census: Hainan: Danzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Danzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: By Census.

Population: Age 65 and Above: Hainan data was reported at 1.284 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.187 Person th for 2022. Population: Age 65 and Above: Hainan data is updated yearly, averaging 0.650 Person th from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,051.500 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 0.465 Person th in 1998. Population: Age 65 and Above: Hainan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: By Age and Region.

This point shapefile represents the district locations, with 2000 population census data, for the Hainan Sheng province of China for 2000. These data are represented at 1:1,000,000 scale. This layer is part of the China 2000 township population census dataset.

Population: Census: Hainan: Sanya data was reported at 1,031.396 Person th in 12-01-2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 685.408 Person th for 12-01-2010. Population: Census: Hainan: Sanya data is updated decadal, averaging 685.408 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 12-01-2020, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,031.396 Person th in 12-01-2020 and a record low of 482.296 Person th in 12-01-2000. Population: Census: Hainan: Sanya data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Sanya Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: By Census.

The data files in this study have been created by merging individual per-county census files available as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Thus the study contains 111 data files, 1 file per census category. Each of these files contains merged census data for the following counties: TONGSHEN 通什市 (469001), QIONGHAI 琼海市 (469002), DANZHOU 儋州市 (469003), QIONGSHAN 琼山市 (469004), WENCHANG 文昌市 (469005), WANNING 万宁市 (469006), DONGFANG 东方市 (469007), DINGAN 定安县 (469025), TUNCHANG 屯昌县 (469026), CHENGMAI 澄迈县 (469027), LINGAO 临高县 (469028), BAISHALIZUZHZHIXIAN 白沙黎族自治县 (469030), CHANGJIANGLIZUZHZHIXIAN 昌江黎族自治县 (469031), LEDONGLIZUZHZHIXIAN 乐东黎族自治县 (469033), LINGSHUILIZUZHZHIXIAN 陵水黎族自治县 (469034), BAOTINGLIZUMIAOZUZHZHIXIAN 保亭黎族苗族自治县 (469035), QIONGZHONGLIZUMIAOZUZHZHIXIAN 琼中黎族苗族自治县 (469036), XISHAQUNDAO 西沙群岛 (469037), NANSHAQUNDAO 南沙群岛 (469038), ZHONGSHAQUNDAODEDAOJIAOJIQIHAIYU 中沙群岛的岛礁及其海域 (469039), ZHENDONG 振东区 (460102), XINHUA 新华区 (460103), XIUYING 秀英区 (460104), SANYA 三亚市 (460201).

Status of extremely small populations in Hainan. (DOC)

This point shapefile represents the locations of townships with 2000 Population Census Data, 9.95% Long Form data, table L7-L8) for the Hainan Sheng province of China for 2000. These data are represented at 1:1,000,000 scale. This layer is part of the China 2000 township population census dataset.

Population: Hainan: Sansha: Usual Residence data was reported at 2.200 Person th in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 2.200 Person th for 2022. Population: Hainan: Sansha: Usual Residence data is updated yearly, averaging 1.550 Person th from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2023, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.300 Person th in 2021 and a record low of 0.400 Person th in 2010. Population: Hainan: Sansha: Usual Residence data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Sansha Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City.

Hainan is a tropical island in southern China with abundant mosquito species, putting Hainan at risk of mosquito-borne virus disease outbreaks. The population genetic diversity of most mosquito species on Hainan Island remains elusive. In this study, we report the diversity of mosquito species and the genetic diversity of the predominant species on Hainan. Field populations of adults or larvae were collected from 12 regions of Hainan Island in 2018 and 2019. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxI) gene was sequenced from 1,228 mosquito samples and used for species identification and genetic diversity analysis. Twenty-three known mosquito species from the genera Aedes, Armigeres, Culex, Mansonia, and Anopheles and nine unconfirmed mosquito species were identified. Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus, and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus were the most prevalent mosquito species on Hainan. The regions north of Danzhou, Tunchang, and Qionghai exhibited high mosquito diversity (26 species). The order of the total haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the populations from high to low was as follows: Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Ar. subalbatus, Culex pallidothorax, Culex gelidus, Ae. albopictus, and C. p. quinquefasciatus. Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs tests showed that Ae. albopictus, C. p. quinquefasciatus, C. tritaeniorhynchus, and C. gelidus had experienced population expansion, while the Ar. subalbatus and C. pallidothorax populations were in genetic equilibrium. Significant genetic differentiation existed in the overall populations of Ae. albopictus, Ar. subalbatus, C. p. quinquefasciatus, and C. pallidothorax. The Ae. albopictus populations on Hainan were characterized by frequent gene exchange with populations from Guangdong and four other tropical countries, raising the risk of viral disease outbreaks in these regions. Two subgroups were reported in the Ar. subalbatus populations for the first time. Our findings may have important implications for vector control on Hainan Island.

BackgroundAt the southern entrance to East Asia, early population migration has affected most of the Y-chromosome variations of East Asians.Methodology/Principal FindingsTo assess the isolated genetic structure of Hainan Island and the original genetic structure at the southern entrance, we studied the Y chromosome diversity of 405 Hainan Island aborigines from all the six populations, who have little influence of the recent mainland population relocations and admixtures. Here we report that haplogroups O1a* and O2a* are dominant among Hainan aborigines. In addition, the frequency of the mainland dominant haplogroup O3 is quite low among these aborigines, indicating that they have lived rather isolated. Clustering analyses suggests that the Hainan aborigines have been segregated since about 20 thousand years ago, after two dominant haplogroups entered East Asia (31 to 36 thousand years ago).Conclusions/SignificanceOur results suggest that Hainan aborigines have been isolated at the entrance to East Asia for about 20 thousand years, whose distinctive genetic characteristics could be used as important controls in many population genetic studies.

This polygon shapefile represents the provincial boundary for the Hainan Sheng province of China for 2000. These data are represented at 1:1,000,000 scale. This layer is part of the China 2000 township population census dataset.

Sampling information for Hopea hainanensis populations on Hainan Island, China.

Population: Hainan: Sansha: Household Registration data was reported at 0.912 Person th in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.933 Person th for 2022. Population: Hainan: Sansha: Household Registration data is updated yearly, averaging 0.615 Person th from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2023, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.933 Person th in 2022 and a record low of 0.230 Person th in 2012. Population: Hainan: Sansha: Household Registration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Sansha Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City.

Evidence-based conservation planning is crucial for informing management decisions for species of extreme rarity, but collection of robust data on genetic status or other parameters can be extremely challenging for such species. The Hainan gibbon, possibly the world's rarest mammal, consists of a single population of ~25 individuals restricted to one protected area on Hainan Island, China, and has persisted for over 30 years at exceptionally low population size. Analysis of genotypes at 11 microsatellite loci from faecal samples for 36% of the current global population and tissue samples from 62% of existing historical museum specimens demonstrates limited current genetic diversity (Na = 2.27, Ar = 2.24, He = 0.43); diversity has declined since the 19th century and even further within the last 30 years, representing declines of ~30% from historical levels (Na = 3.36, Ar = 3.29, He = 0.63). Significant differentiation is seen between current and historical samples (FST = 0.156, P = 0.0315), and the current population exhibits extremely small Ne (current Ne = 2.16). There is evidence for both a recent population bottleneck and an earlier bottleneck, with population size already reasonably low by the late 19th century (historical Ne = 1162.96). Individuals in the current population are related at the level of half- to full-siblings between social groups, and full-siblings or parent–offspring within a social group, suggesting that inbreeding is likely to increase in the future. The species' current reduced genetic diversity must be considered during conservation planning, particularly for expectations of likely population recovery, indicating that intensive, carefully planned management is essential.

Hybrid groupers, including the Hulong hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂), have become increasingly popular in mariculture across the southwest Pacific, raising concerns about their potential to cause biological invasions. First developed in Malaysia in 2007 and introduced to mainland China in 2009, the Hulong hybrid grouper has been sighted in the coastal waters of Hainan Island, China, for over a decade. This study examines the species' distribution, survival, and ecological impacts in these waters. From 2019 to 2023, social surveys, specimen collections, and field observations confirmed the widespread presence of the Hulong hybrid grouper, particularly in inshore reefs and artificial structures. Age determination and gonadal analysis demonstrated their long-term survival and reproductive maturity in the wild. The introduction of this species resulted from both unintentional escapes from aquaculture facilities and intentional releases. This research represents the first documented case of an artificial hybrid marine fish invading and establishing a population in the wild, with potential negative ecological impacts such as interspecies competition, disease transmission, and genetic pollution.

This line shapefile represents the provincial trunk roads for the Hainan Sheng province of China for 2000. These data are represented at 1:1,000,000 scale. This layer is part of the China 2000 township population census dataset.