Daily data showing the System Price of electricity, and rolling seven-day average, in Great Britain. These are official statistics in development. Source: Elexon.

The average wholesale electricity price in September 2025 in the United Kingdom is forecast to amount to*******British pounds per megawatt-hour, a decrease from the previous month. A record high was reached in August 2022 when day-ahead baseload contracts averaged ***** British pounds per megawatt-hour. Electricity price stabilization in Europe Electricity prices increased in 2024 compared to the previous year, when prices stabilized after the energy supply shortage. Price spikes were driven by the growing wholesale prices of natural gas and coal worldwide, which are among the main sources of power in the region.

… and in the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom was one of the countries with the highest electricity prices worldwide during the energy crisis. Since then, prices have been stabilizing, almost to pre-energy crisis levels. The use of nuclear, wind, and bioenergy for electricity generation has been increasing recently. The fuel types are an alternative to fossil fuels and are part of the country's power generation plans going into the future.

UK Electricity decreased 23.22 GBP/MWh or 22.66% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Electricity Price.

Load, wind and solar, prices in hourly resolution. This data package contains different kinds of timeseries data relevant for power system modelling, namely electricity prices, electricity consumption (load) as well as wind and solar power generation and capacities. The data is aggregated either by country, control area or bidding zone. Geographical coverage includes the EU and some neighbouring countries. All variables are provided in hourly resolution. Where original data is available in higher resolution (half-hourly or quarter-hourly), it is provided in separate files. This package version only contains data provided by TSOs and power exchanges via ENTSO-E Transparency, covering the period 2015-mid 2020. See previous versions for historical data from a broader range of sources. All data processing is conducted in Python/pandas and has been documented in the Jupyter notebooks linked below.

Electricity prices in Europe are expected to remain volatile through 2025, with Italy projected to have some of the highest rates among major European economies. This trend reflects the ongoing challenges in the energy sector, including the transition to renewable sources and the impact of geopolitical events on supply chains. Despite efforts to stabilize the market, prices still have not returned to pre-pandemic levels, such as in countries like Italy, where prices are forecast to reach ****** euros per megawatt hour in August 2025. Natural gas futures shaping electricity costs The electricity market's future trajectory is closely tied to natural gas prices, a key component in power generation. Dutch TTF gas futures, a benchmark for European natural gas prices, are projected to be ***** euros per megawatt hour in July 2025. The reduced output from the Groningen gas field and increased reliance on imports further complicate the pricing landscape, potentially contributing to higher electricity costs in countries like Italy. Regional disparities and global market influences While European electricity prices remain high, significant regional differences persist. For instance, natural gas prices in the United States are expected to be roughly one-third of those in Europe by March 2025, at **** U.S. dollars per million British thermal units. This stark contrast highlights the impact of domestic production capabilities on global natural gas prices. Europe's greater reliance on imports, particularly in the aftermath of geopolitical tensions and the shift away from Russian gas, continues to keep prices elevated compared to more self-sufficient markets. As a result, countries like Italy may face sustained pressure on electricity prices due to their position within the broader European energy market. As of August 2025, electricity prices in Italy have decreased to ****** euros per megawatt hour, reflecting ongoing volatility in the market.

Energy consumption readings for a sample of 5,567 London Households that took part in the UK Power Networks led Low Carbon London project between November 2011 and February 2014. Readings were taken at half hourly intervals. The customers in the trial were recruited as a balanced sample representative of the Greater London population. The dataset contains energy consumption, in kWh (per half hour), unique household identifier, date and time. The CSV file is around 10GB when unzipped and contains around 167million rows. Within the data set are two groups of customers. The first is a sub-group, of approximately 1100 customers, who were subjected to Dynamic Time of Use (dToU) energy prices throughout the 2013 calendar year period. The tariff prices were given a day ahead via the Smart Meter IHD (In Home Display) or text message to mobile phone. Customers were issued High (67.20p/kWh), Low (3.99p/kWh) or normal (11.76p/kWh) price signals and the times of day these applied. The dates/times and the price signal schedule is availaible as part of this dataset. All non-Time of Use customers were on a flat rate tariff of 14.228pence/kWh. The signals given were designed to be representative of the types of signal that may be used in the future to manage both high renewable generation (supply following) operation and also test the potential to use high price signals to reduce stress on local distribution grids during periods of stress. The remaining sample of approximately 4500 customers energy consumption readings were not subject to the dToU tariff. More information can be found on the Low Carbon London webpage

In the first half of 2020, the natural gas prices for household end users (excluding taxes, levies, and VAT) in the United Kingdom did not change in comparison to the previous six months. The natural gas prices for household end users (excluding taxes, levies, and VAT) remained at 0.15 euro cents per kWh. Over the observed period, the natural gas prices have been subject to fluctuation.The prices include electricity/basic price, transmission, system services, meter rental, distribution and other services.Find more key insights for the natural gas prices for household end users (excluding taxes, levies, and VAT) in countries like Portugal, Italy, and Malta.

The Smart Energy Research Lab (SERL) delivers a unique energy data resource to the UK research community that enables a broad range of multi-disciplinary, socio-technical research relating to energy consumption in domestic buildings.

The SERL Observatory is transforming Great Britain's energy research through the long-term provision of high quality, high-resolution energy data that provides a reliable evidence base for intervention, observational and longitudinal studies across the socio-technical spectrum.

The goals of the Smart Energy Research Lab are to provide:

• A trusted data resource for researchers to utilise large-scale, high-resolution energy data
• An effective mechanism for collecting and linking energy data with other contextual data
• High quality data management to ensure fit-for-purpose data are provisioned to researchers

Participant recruitment began in August 2019. Approximately 1,700 participants were recruited from central and southern England and from Wales as part of a pilot study that tested different recruitment strategies. The second recruitment wave took place in August-September 2020, and the third wave at the start of 2021. SERL recruited over 13,000 households which are regionally representative across England, Scotland and Wales. Recruitment is also designed to be representative of each Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintile; an area-based relative measure of deprivation.

For the latest edition (released in May 2024), all SERL data up to and including 31st December 2023 were made available. Users should note that this is the 6th edition of SERL data that has been released, though the citation may refer to the 7th edition.

All code provided with the data is now managed on the "https://github.com/smartEnergyResearchLab"> SERL GitHub website.

Smart meter data:

• Daily and half-hourly energy (electricity and gas) consumption data
• Tariff data
• Additional smart meter technical data

Contextual data:

• SERL survey (initial) completed by participant households on sign-up providing data on household information and building characteristics.
• Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) data
• Weather data
• SERL Covid-19 survey: sent to wave 1 participants in May 2020 to understand their circumstances during the first lockdown
• SERL survey (Follow-up 2023): sent to all active participants in early 2023 to investigate the impact of rapidly rising energy costs in 2022/2023

SERL data will be updated and made available to researchers on a quarterly basis. SERL is an evolving data resource and thus new editions of the data might include:

• additional records – more smart meter data, since the previous edition
• additional participants – more participants recruited since the previous release
• additional variables – where new variables become available to SERL

Further information about SERL can be found on serl.ac.uk and in the associated documentation. The 'Key Documents' section of the SERL website, which links to all publications that use SERL data, can be found at serl.ac.uk/key-documents. If you do not see your SERL-data publication listed, please contact the SERL team via info@serl.ac.uk.

For the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 data users should note that neither the European Commission nor the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts will be held responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains. The Energy Performance of Buildings Data is also included and users must read and abide by the Copyright Information Notice, provided by the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, that covers the use of Royal Mail information and non-address data provided under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

For the latest edition (released in November 2024), all SERL smart meter and climate data have been updated to June 2024. Users should note that this is the 7th edition of SERL data that has been released, though the citation may refer to the 8th edition.

Data are taken from the Microgeneration Certification Scheme - MCS Installation Database.

For enquiries concerning this table email fitstatistics@energysecurity.gov.uk.

TTF Gas fell to 31.34 EUR/MWh on October 27, 2025, down 2.10% from the previous day. Over the past month, TTF Gas's price has fallen 3.77%, and is down 26.54% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. EU Natural Gas TTF - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

Coal fell to 104.10 USD/T on October 24, 2025, down 0.10% from the previous day. Over the past month, Coal's price has fallen 0.90%, and is down 28.65% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Coal - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

At **** U.S. dollars, Switzerland has the most expensive Big Macs in the world, according to the January 2025 Big Mac index. Concurrently, the cost of a Big Mac was **** dollars in the U.S., and **** U.S. dollars in the Euro area. What is the Big Mac index? The Big Mac index, published by The Economist, is a novel way of measuring whether the market exchange rates for different countries’ currencies are overvalued or undervalued. It does this by measuring each currency against a common standard – the Big Mac hamburger sold by McDonald’s restaurants all over the world. Twice a year the Economist converts the average national price of a Big Mac into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at that point in time. As a Big Mac is a completely standardized product across the world, the argument goes that it should have the same relative cost in every country. Differences in the cost of a Big Mac expressed as U.S. dollars therefore reflect differences in the purchasing power of each currency. Is the Big Mac index a good measure of purchasing power parity? Purchasing power parity (PPP) is the idea that items should cost the same in different countries, based on the exchange rate at that time. This relationship does not hold in practice. Factors like tax rates, wage regulations, whether components need to be imported, and the level of market competition all contribute to price variations between countries. The Big Mac index does measure this basic point – that one U.S. dollar can buy more in some countries than others. There are more accurate ways to measure differences in PPP though, which convert a larger range of products into their dollar price. Adjusting for PPP can have a massive effect on how we understand a country’s economy. The country with the largest GDP adjusted for PPP is China, but when looking at the unadjusted GDP of different countries, the U.S. has the largest economy.