In response to a growing concern about hate crimes, the United States Congress enacted the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990. The Act requires the attorney general to establish guidelines and collect, as part of the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, data "about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including where appropriate the crimes of murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, intimidation, arson, and destruction, damage or vandalism of property." Hate crime data collection was required by the Act to begin in calendar year 1990 and to continue for four successive years. In September 1994, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to add disabilities, both physical and mental, as factors that could be considered a basis for hate crimes. Although the Act originally mandated data collection for five years, the Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 amended the collection duration "for each calendar year," making hate crime statistics a permanent addition to the UCR program. As with the other UCR data, law enforcement agencies contribute reports either directly or through their state reporting programs. Information contained in the data includes number of victims and offenders involved in each hate crime incident, type of victims, bias motivation, offense type, and location type.

In 2023, there were ***** incidents of hate crimes for which the motivation was anti-Black or African American sentiment, making it the leading cause of hate crimes in the United States in that year. A further ***** hate crimes had an anti-Jewish motivation, and ***** had an anti-gay male motivation.

A dataset of crimes that occurred in the designated time period that are being investigated as hate crimes. In APD's opinion these cases have met the FBI's definition of a hate crime, as well as the State's and Federal Law's definition of a hate crime. The ultimate decision to prosecute lies with the appropriate County District Attorney. AUSTIN POLICE DATA DISCLAIMER 1. The data provided are for informational use only and may differ from official APD crime data. 2. APD’s crime database is continuously updated, so reports run at different times may produce different results. Care should be taken when comparing against other reports as different data collection methods and different data sources may have been used. 3. APD does not assume any liability for any decision made or action taken or not taken by the recipient in reliance upon any information or data provided. In APD's opinion, these cases have met the FBI's definition as well as the State's definition and Federal hate crime law of a hate crime and are being investigated as such. The ultimate decision to prosecute lies with the appropriate County District Attorney.

In 2023, ***** hate crime offenses were reported in California, the most out of any state. New Jersey, New York, Washington, and Massachusetts rounded out the top five states for hate crime offenses in that year.

The graph illustrates the number of victims of race-based hate crimes in the United States in 2025. The x-axis lists various ethnic groups, while the y-axis represents the corresponding number of victims. The data reveals that Anti-Black hate crimes were the most prevalent, with 1,743 victims, followed by Anti-Hispanic and Anti-Asian crimes with 629 and 201 victims respectively. Other categories include Anti-Other Race (308), Anti-American Indian (74), Anti-Arab (73), and Anti-Native Pacific (25). The data indicates a significant disparity in the number of victims across different ethnic groups, with Anti-Black hate crimes being the most prominent.

The .csv file can be found here -- scroll down to "Additional Datasets" and then click the "Hate Crime" link and then download the zip file. The zip file will contain the .csv file and a .pdf file that contains more information regarding the scope and limitations of the data collected.

Please keep in mind, given what is communicated in the methodology file from the .zip file, be wary about drawing particular conclusions from this data.

I have not made any changes to this file. All preprocessing was done after creating a dataframe via the Pandas library.

There are 28 columns in the dataset. There are 219,073 entries in this data. There are no duplicate values in this data. The following eight columns have null values (PUB_AGENCY_UNIT, ADULT_VICTIM_COUNT, JUVENILE_VICTIM_COUNT, ADULT_OFFENDER_COUNT, JUVENILE_OFFENDER_COUNT, OFFENDER_RACE, OFFENDER_ETHNICITY, and TOTAL_INDIVIDUAL_VICTIMS).

This dataset has the Apache 2.0 license.

Some questions that I have about the data: 

Why are there so many columns with large amounts of NaN values? Could this be related to inconsistences in reporting?

For the columns related to race and ethnicity, why is the largest category "Unknown"? Could it be that information was not gathered during the time the hate crime was initially recorded?

How can this data, especially when worked on by data analysts and data scientists, help law enforcement agencies in better understanding and ultimately reducing hate crimes in the US?

In 2023, *** juveniles fell victim to anti-Black or African American hate crimes in the United States. A further *** juveniles were the victims of anti-Hispanic or Latino hate crimes, and another ** juveniles were victimized by anti-White hate crimes in that same year.

In 2023, the FBI knew of ***** people who perpetrated hate crimes in the United States motivated by race, ethnicity and/or ancestry. A further ***** known hate crime offenders were motivated by the sexual orientation of their victims.

The graph illustrates the number of hate crime incidents against white people in the United States from 1991 to 2025. The x-axis represents the years, spanning from '91 to '25, while the y-axis indicates the annual number of incidents. Over this 33-year period, the number of incidents ranges from a low of 528 in 2011 to a high of 1,480 in 1993. Notable figures include 841 incidents in 1991, a decline to 539 in 2009, and a recent increase to 892 in 2023. The data shows a general downward trend in hate crime incidents from the early 1990s through the mid-2010s, followed by a significant rise in the latter years. This information is presented in a line graph format, effectively highlighting the long-term decrease and recent resurgence in hate crime incidents against white individuals in the United States.

This Dataset contains year, date of incident, US State and location wise total number of adult and juvenile victims and offenders. The dataset also has data based on offender race, offender ethnicity, offense name, bias description and victim type level

In 2023, the FBI knew of ***** perpetrators of anti-Black or African American hate crimes conducted in the United States in that year. Furthermore, another *** perpetrators of anti-White hate crimes were known to the FBI in that year.

An annual publication in which the FBI provides data on the number of incidents, offenses, victims, and offenders in reported crimes that were motivated in whole or in part by a bias against the victimÆs perceived race, religion, sexual orientation, ethni

This Dataset contains year, US state, offender race, offender ethnicity, offence name, bias description and victim type-wise total number of hate crime individual victims and offenders in USA

In 2023, there were ***** incidents of intimidation hate crimes in the United States, making it the most common type of hate crime in that year. This was followed by simple assault, with ***** incidents in that year.

Hate crime incidents reached the highest levels ever in the United States. The FBI's Crime Data Explorer (CDE) aims to provide transparency, create easier access, and expand awareness of criminal, and noncriminal, law enforcement data sharing; improve accountability for law enforcement; and provide a foundation to help shape public policy with the result of a safer nation. Use the CDE to discover available data through visualizations, download data in .csv format, and other large data files. https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/LATEST/webapp/#/pages/home

A. SUMMARY These data represent hate crimes reported by the SFPD to the California Department of Justice. Read the detailed overview of this dataset here.

What is a Hate Crime? A hate crime is a crime against a person, group, or property motivated by the victim's real or perceived protected social group. An individual may be the victim of a hate crime if they have been targeted because of their actual or perceived: (1) disability, (2) gender, (3) nationality, (4) race or ethnicity, (5) religion, (6) sexual orientation, and/or (7) association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics. Hate crimes are serious crimes that may result in imprisonment or jail time.

B. HOW THE DATASET IS CREATED How is a Hate Crime Processed?
Not all prejudice incidents including the utterance of hate speech rise to the level of a hate crime. The U.S. Constitution allows hate speech if it does not interfere with the civil rights of others. While these acts are certainly hurtful, they do not rise to the level of criminal violations and thus may not be prosecuted. When a prejudice incident is reported, the reporting officer conducts a preliminary investigation and writes a crime or incident report. Bigotry must be the central motivation for an incident to be determined to be a hate crime. In that report, all facts such as verbatims or statements that occurred before or after the incident and characteristics such as the race, ethnicity, sex, religion, or sexual orientations of the victim and suspect (if known) are included. To classify a prejudice incident, the San Francisco Police Department’s Hate Crimes Unit of the Special Investigations Division conducts an analysis of the incident report to determine if the incident falls under the definition of a “hate crime” as defined by state law. California Penal Code 422.55 - Hate Crime Definition

C. UPDATE PROCESS These data are updated monthly.

D. HOW TO USE THIS DATASET This dataset includes the following information about each incident: the hate crime offense, bias type, location/time, and the number of hate crime victims and suspects. The data presented mirrors data published by the California Department of Justice, albeit at a higher frequency. The publishing of these data meet requirements set forth in PC 13023.

E. RELATED DATASETS California Department of Justice - Hate Crimes Info California Department of Justice - Hate Crimes Data

For any questions about this data please email me at jacob@crimedatatool.com. If you use this data, please cite it.Version 6 release notes:Adds 2018 dataVersion 5 release notes:Adds data in the following formats: SPSS, SAS, and Excel.Changes project name to avoid confusing this data for the ones done by NACJD.Adds data for 1991.Fixes bug where bias motivation "anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender, mixed group (lgbt)" was labeled "anti-homosexual (gay and lesbian)" prior to 2013 causing there to be two columns and zero values for years with the wrong label.All data is now directly from the FBI, not NACJD. The data initially comes as ASCII+SPSS Setup files and read into R using the package asciiSetupReader. All work to clean the data and save it in various file formats was also done in R. For the R code used to clean this data, see here. https://github.com/jacobkap/crime_data. Version 4 release notes: Adds data for 2017.Adds rows that submitted a zero-report (i.e. that agency reported no hate crimes in the year). This is for all years 1992-2017. Made changes to categorical variables (e.g. bias motivation columns) to make categories consistent over time. Different years had slightly different names (e.g. 'anti-am indian' and 'anti-american indian') which I made consistent. Made the 'population' column which is the total population in that agency. Version 3 release notes: Adds data for 2016.Order rows by year (descending) and ORI.Version 2 release notes: Fix bug where Philadelphia Police Department had incorrect FIPS county code. The Hate Crime data is an FBI data set that is part of the annual Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program data. This data contains information about hate crimes reported in the United States. Please note that the files are quite large and may take some time to open.Each row indicates a hate crime incident for an agency in a given year. I have made a unique ID column ("unique_id") by combining the year, agency ORI9 (the 9 character Originating Identifier code), and incident number columns together. Each column is a variable related to that incident or to the reporting agency. Some of the important columns are the incident date, what crime occurred (up to 10 crimes), the number of victims for each of these crimes, the bias motivation for each of these crimes, and the location of each crime. It also includes the total number of victims, total number of offenders, and race of offenders (as a group). Finally, it has a number of columns indicating if the victim for each offense was a certain type of victim or not (e.g. individual victim, business victim religious victim, etc.). The only changes I made to the data are the following. Minor changes to column names to make all column names 32 characters or fewer (so it can be saved in a Stata format), changed the name of some UCR offense codes (e.g. from "agg asslt" to "aggravated assault"), made all character values lower case, reordered columns. I also added state, county, and place FIPS code from the LEAIC (crosswalk) and generated incident month, weekday, and month-day variables from the incident date variable included in the original data.

In 2023, there were ***** victims of anti-Black or African American hate crimes in the United States, making it the racially motivated hate crime with the most victims in that year. The second most common racially motivated hate crime, anti-Hispanic or Latino crimes, had ***** victims in that year.

Content

Hate Crimes

This folder contains data behind the story Higher Rates Of Hate Crimes Are Tied To Income Inequality.

Sources: Kaiser Family Foundation Kaiser Family Foundation Kaiser Family Foundation Census Bureau Kaiser Family Foundation Kaiser Family Foundation Census Bureau Kaiser Family Foundation United States Elections Project Southern Poverty Law Center FBI

Correction

Please see the following commit: https://github.com/fivethirtyeight/data/commit/fbc884a5c8d45a0636e1d6b000021632a0861986

Context

This is a dataset from FiveThirtyEight hosted on their GitHub. Explore FiveThirtyEight data using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the FiveThirtyEight organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using GitHub's API and Kaggle's API.

This dataset is distributed under the Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

In 2023, ***** people fell victim to hate crimes in the United States for which the motivation was race, ethnicity, and/or ancestry. In total, there were ****** hate crime victims across the country in that year.