Since the 1950s, the suicide rate in the United States has been significantly higher among men than women. In 2022, the suicide rate among men was almost four times higher than that of women. However, the rate of suicide for both men and women has increased gradually over the past couple of decades. Facts on suicide in the United States In 2022, the rate of suicide death in the United States was around 14 per 100,000 population. The suicide rate in the U.S. has generally increased since the year 2000, with the highest rates ever recorded in the years 2018 and 2022. In the United States, death rates from suicide are highest among those aged 45 to 64 years and lowest among younger adults aged 15 to 24. The states with the highest rates of suicide are Montana, Alaska, and Wyoming, while New Jersey and Massachusetts have the lowest rates. Suicide among men In 2023, around 4.5 percent of men in the United States reported having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. Although this rate is lower than that of women, men still have a higher rate of suicide death than women. One reason for this may have to do with the method of suicide. Although firearms account for the largest share of suicide deaths among both men and women, firearms account for almost 60 percent of all suicides among men and just 35 percent among women. Suffocation and poisoning are the other most common methods of suicide among women, with the chances of surviving a suicide attempt from these methods being much higher than surviving an attempt by firearm. The age group with the highest rate of suicide death among men is by far those aged 75 years and over.

Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) in United States was reported at 15.63 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

The near to real-time suspected suicide surveillance (nRTSSS) data for England is classified as official statistics.

This publication includes:

• data that covers the most recent 25-month period
• data that covers the most recent quarter
• additional and revised data due to occasional delayed submission

The nRTSSS data presents rates of suspected suicides in England broken down by age group and sex. It also gives an overview of suspected suicide method. It is supplemented by:

• data tables to provide access to relevant data
• a methodology document to provide an overview of data quality assessment, inclusion criteria and statistical approaches used

The primary purpose of the nRTSSS is to provide suicide prevention planners with an early indication of changes in trends of suicide to inform and enable a more timely and targeted response.

These statistics moved from a monthly to a quarterly publication (updated in January, April, July and October) in January 2025. This decision was made following recent user research. Further changes to the content and presentation will follow.

In March 2025, an estimated ***** people committed suicide in South Korea, a significant increase from the previous month. South Korea has the highest suicide rate among the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

Download data on suicides in Massachusetts by demographics and year. This page also includes reporting on military & veteran suicide, and suicides during COVID-19.

In 2022, around 80 percent of transgender people in the United States had considered suicide, while around 40 percent had attempted suicide. There has been an upward trend in both the considered and attempted suicide rate since 2000, when 61 percent of transgender people considered committing suicide and 28 percent had attempted it.

According to the latest available data, there were around **** suicide deaths per 100,000 population in the United States in 2022. Suicide remains one of the leading causes of death in the U.S. highlighting the need for awareness and prevention. The suicide rate in the U.S. has risen for both men and women in recent years but remains over ***** times higher for men. Hospitalizations In 2021, there were around ******* adults hospitalized in the U.S. after a suicide attempt. Although the suicide rate among men is significantly higher than among women, there are more hospitalizations after suicide attempts for women than for men. In 2019, there were ******* such hospitalizations among women and ******* hospitalizations among men. Public opinionSuicide can be a divisive topic that involves religious and political views. Recent data shows that ** percent of the U.S. population believes suicide is morally wrong, while ** percent believe it to be morally acceptable. However, only ** percent of adults believe it is “very important” to invest public dollars in the prevention of suicide.

In 2024, over 20,300 people in Japan died of suicide. The overall number of suicides decreased after the unexpected upward trend, likely connected to the COVID-19 pandemic. Why Japanese men are more likely to die by suicide  When looking at suicide numbers by gender, Japanese men are more likely to commit suicide compared to women. Attitudes on traditional gender roles in Japan may have shifted in recent decades, but social change has since been slow. Men are still expected to focus on their careers and provide for the family. Hence, economic slumps are typically reflected in rising suicide figures among men, as failure to fulfill social expectations can lead to mental health issues, which in turn might trigger suicidal thoughts. As an example, the suicide figures increased only for men in 2009 as a result of the global banking crisis. Suicide resulting from work-related issues is also more common among men than among women. Stress and pressure at work pose health risks It has been determined over the past few decades that one of the primary issues facing Japanese workers that leads to self-harm is exhaustion. Occupational sudden mortality, known as "karoshi (death by overwork)" is a well-known phenomenon in Japanese society. Besides physical pressure, mental stress from the employment may cause karoshi. Suicide due to occupational stress or overwork is called "karojisatsu (overwork suicide)" in Japan.

Anti-Suicide Drugs Market Outlook

The global anti-suicide drugs market size was valued at approximately USD 3.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach nearly USD 6.1 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% over the forecast period. This growth is primarily driven by increasing awareness of mental health issues, greater access to mental health care, and advancements in pharmacological therapies targeted toward reducing suicide rates. The rising prevalence of mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder has fueled the demand for effective anti-suicide medications. These factors, along with the proactive steps taken by governments and non-governmental organizations to promote mental health awareness, are significant contributors to market growth.

One of the key growth factors for the anti-suicide drugs market is the increasing burden of mental health disorders globally. According to the World Health Organization, close to 800,000 people die due to suicide every year, and mental disorders are a significant risk factor. This alarming statistic highlights the urgent need for effective treatments that can mitigate these risks. The growing prevalence of conditions such as depression and anxiety disorders, which are often linked to suicidal tendencies, has led to a higher demand for therapeutic interventions. Pharmaceutical companies are heavily investing in the research and development of innovative drug formulations to cater to this burgeoning demand, driving market growth.

Advancements in pharmacotherapy have significantly contributed to the growth of the anti-suicide drugs market. The development of novel drugs with improved efficacy and fewer side effects has led to increased adoption among healthcare professionals and patients. For instance, NMDA antagonists have shown promising results in reducing suicidal ideation, offering new hope for patients who have not responded well to traditional antidepressants. Moreover, the integration of personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics in psychiatric treatment is allowing for more tailored therapeutic approaches, enhancing the effectiveness of anti-suicide drugs. Such technological advancements are propelling the market forward, as they provide better clinical outcomes and improve patient quality of life.

Societal changes and governmental initiatives are also playing a crucial role in the growth of the anti-suicide drugs market. Many countries have recognized the importance of mental health as an integral part of public health and are implementing strategies and policies to address it. Campaigns aimed at reducing the stigma associated with mental health issues are encouraging more individuals to seek help, thus increasing the demand for psychiatric medications. Additionally, the availability of mental health services is improving, with more funding being allocated to mental health care infrastructure. These efforts are expected to create a supportive environment for market expansion, as they facilitate greater access to treatment options.

Anti depressant Drugs play a pivotal role in the treatment of depression, which is a major risk factor for suicide. These medications work by balancing chemicals in the brain that affect mood and emotions, thereby reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. The development of newer antidepressants with improved efficacy and fewer side effects has been a significant advancement in mental health care. These drugs are often the first line of treatment for individuals experiencing depressive episodes, making them an essential component of anti-suicide strategies. As research continues, the potential for even more effective antidepressant therapies grows, offering hope for those struggling with mental health challenges.

From a regional perspective, North America holds the largest share of the anti-suicide drugs market, attributed to the high awareness of mental health issues, a well-established healthcare system, and the presence of major pharmaceutical companies. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by an increasing focus on mental health, rising healthcare expenditures, and supportive government initiatives. Europe continues to be a significant contributor to the market, supported by robust healthcare policies and active engagement in mental health awareness campaigns. In contrast, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are expected to show moderate growth due to emerging healthcare infrastructures and growing aware

Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) in Malaysia was reported at 5.65 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Malaysia - Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Anti Suicide Drug Market Outlook

The global anti-suicide drug market size was valued at approximately USD 3.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 5.8 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period. The growth of this market is driven by escalating awareness about mental health issues, the increasing prevalence of psychiatric disorders, and significant advancements in pharmaceutical research and development.

One of the primary growth factors in the anti-suicide drug market is the rising awareness and de-stigmatization of mental health issues. As more people recognize mental health as an essential component of overall well-being, and as stigma diminishes, there is a corresponding increase in the number of individuals seeking treatment. This shift has led to greater demand for effective pharmaceutical interventions. Additionally, governments and healthcare organizations worldwide are launching initiatives and campaigns to promote mental health awareness, which further propels the market's growth.

Another significant driver is the increasing prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 264 million people suffer from depression globally, and the figures are expected to rise. This surge results in a higher necessity for anti-suicide drugs, as untreated or poorly managed psychiatric conditions can lead to suicidal ideation and attempts. Consequently, pharmaceutical companies are focusing on developing new and more effective drugs to meet this growing demand.

Technological advancements and innovations in pharmaceutical research and development significantly contribute to the market's growth. Companies are investing in developing novel therapeutics with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Emerging treatments, such as NMDA antagonists, show promise in treating suicidal ideation more rapidly than traditional antidepressants or antipsychotics. Furthermore, precision medicine and personalized treatment approaches are becoming increasingly prevalent, enabling more tailored and effective interventions for individuals at risk of suicide.

From a regional perspective, North America dominates the anti-suicide drug market owing to the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and proactive government initiatives. However, regions such as Asia Pacific are expected to demonstrate the highest growth rates, driven by increasing awareness, improving healthcare systems, and rising incidences of mental health conditions. Europe also holds a significant market share due to the presence of key pharmaceutical companies and widespread mental health awareness campaigns.

Drug Type Analysis

In the anti-suicide drug market, several drug types are utilized to manage and mitigate suicidal ideation and attempts. Antidepressants constitute the largest segment due to their widespread use in treating major depressive disorders, which is a significant risk factor for suicide. These drugs work by balancing chemicals in the brain that affect mood and emotions, thereby reducing symptoms of depression that can lead to suicidal thoughts. SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) and SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants, given their efficacy and relatively favorable side effect profiles.

Antipsychotics are another critical segment in the anti-suicide drug market, primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, both of which are associated with high suicide rates. These medications help manage symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and severe mood swings, reducing the likelihood of suicidal behavior. Atypical antipsychotics, in particular, are favored due to their improved safety and efficacy compared to older generation drugs.

Benzodiazepines, known for their sedative and anxiolytic effects, are often used in acute settings to manage severe anxiety and agitation, which can be precipitants of suicidal behavior. While not typically used as long-term solutions due to risks of dependency and abuse, they play a crucial role in short-term crisis intervention. The effectiveness of benzodiazepines in calming acute episodes makes them an essential tool in emergency psychiatric care.

NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) antagonists are emerging as a promising segment within the market. These drugs, such as ketamine and its derivatives, have demonstrated

Forecast: Suicide Mortality Rate in Germany 2023 - 2027 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

The global anti-suicide drug market is projected to reach $4240.3 million in 2025, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3.8% from 2025 to 2033. This steady growth reflects a rising awareness of mental health issues and the increasing prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts globally. Key drivers include the expanding geriatric population (a demographic at higher risk), increased healthcare spending, and ongoing research and development leading to the introduction of newer, more effective treatments. While the market faces restraints such as high treatment costs and the complex nature of suicide prevention requiring a multi-faceted approach beyond medication alone, the growing understanding of underlying neurological and biochemical factors contributing to suicidal behavior is fueling innovation and market expansion. Major pharmaceutical players like Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and Johnson & Johnson are significantly investing in research and development, contributing to a pipeline of potential new anti-suicide medications. This competitive landscape further drives market growth, with companies focusing on developing targeted therapies with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. The market segmentation, while not explicitly provided, likely includes drug classes (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers used off-label for suicide prevention), routes of administration, and patient demographics (age, gender). Regional variations in healthcare access, mental health awareness, and regulatory landscapes will also influence market performance. Growth in North America and Europe is anticipated to remain robust, driven by high healthcare expenditure and advanced healthcare infrastructure. Emerging markets in Asia-Pacific and Latin America are expected to show significant growth potential, albeit at a potentially slower pace due to factors such as lower per capita income and limited access to specialized mental healthcare. The forecast period (2025-2033) suggests a continued focus on developing innovative treatment strategies and improving access to mental health services, bolstering the market's future prospects.

Bipolar Disorder Drugs Market Outlook

In 2023, the global market size for bipolar disorder drugs was estimated at approximately USD 5.1 billion and is projected to reach USD 7.8 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.8% from 2024 to 2032. This growth is primarily driven by an increasing prevalence of bipolar disorder worldwide, coupled with heightened awareness and improved diagnostic criteria. The development and approval of new and effective drugs continue to play a significant role in market expansion. Moreover, advancements in pharmaceutical research and technology are expected to enhance the effectiveness of treatment options, contributing to market growth.

The rising prevalence of bipolar disorder is a major growth factor for the bipolar disorder drugs market. As mental health awareness increases globally, more individuals are being diagnosed with bipolar disorder, thus boosting the demand for effective treatment options. In many countries, mental health initiatives have led to better diagnostic facilities and public health campaigns, which have increased the number of diagnosed patients. Furthermore, the destigmatization of mental health issues has encouraged more individuals to seek medical help, thereby increasing the patient base. Additionally, the growing understanding of bipolar disorder's neurological underpinnings is leading to more targeted and effective drug therapies.

Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry is another critical driver of growth in the bipolar disorder drugs market. Pharmaceutical companies are investing heavily in research and development to discover novel medications that provide better efficacy and fewer side effects. The introduction of new classes of drugs, such as atypical antipsychotics and novel mood stabilizers, is expected to significantly improve treatment outcomes. Moreover, the development of personalized medicine, which tailors treatment based on individual genetic profiles, holds promise for more effective management of bipolar disorder. These advancements not only improve patient outcomes but also expand the market as patients and healthcare providers seek out the latest therapies.

The increasing focus on maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder is also contributing to market growth. While acute treatment addresses immediate symptoms, maintenance treatment aims to prevent relapse and stabilize mood over the long term. This shift in treatment strategies underscores the need for a sustained supply of medication, thereby driving demand. Maintenance therapy often requires a combination of medications, including mood stabilizers and antipsychotics, creating a steady market for these drugs. The chronic nature of bipolar disorder ensures ongoing demand for pharmaceutical interventions, supporting market growth.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the bipolar disorder drugs market, attributed to advanced healthcare infrastructure and a high awareness level regarding mental health disorders. The region's well-established reimbursement policies and support from healthcare systems bolster market growth. Europe follows closely, driven by similar factors, along with robust research activities and favorable government policies promoting mental health. The Asia Pacific region is expected to exhibit the highest growth rate due to increasing healthcare expenditures, rising awareness, and a growing prevalence of mental health disorders. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America are also witnessing gradual growth, propelled by improving healthcare facilities and rising awareness.

Drug Class Analysis

Mood stabilizers are one of the most critical drug classes in the management of bipolar disorder. They are primarily used to control manic or hypomanic episodes and, in some cases, to prevent future episodes. Lithium, a commonly used mood stabilizer, has been a mainstay treatment for decades due to its efficacy in reducing suicide rates and preventing manic episodes. The demand for mood stabilizers is sustained by their role in maintenance therapy, ensuring a consistent market presence. Emerging mood stabilizers with fewer side effects are anticipated to capture a share of the market, providing alternatives for patients who are intolerant to traditional options.

Antipsychotics form another significant segment of the bipolar disorder drugs market. Used both in acute treatment and as part of maintenance therapy, antipsychotics can help manage symptoms of mania, depression, and mixed episodes in bipolar disorder. Atypical antipsychotics, in particular, have gained popularity

South Korea currently has the highest overall suicide rate among OECD countries worldwide. The suicide rate among women in South Korea is significantly higher than that of women in any other country. Nevertheless, suicide is commonly more prevalent among men than women. Suicide in the U.S. The suicide rate in the United States has risen since the year 2000. As of 2023, there were around **** deaths from suicide per 100,000 population. The suicide rate among men in the U.S. is over ***** times what it is for females, a considerable and troubling difference. The suicide rate among men increases with age, with the highest rates found among men aged 75 years and older. Adolescent suicide Adolescent suicide is always a serious and difficult topic. A recent survey found that around ** percent of female high school students in the United States had seriously considered attempting suicide in the past year, compared to ** percent of male students. On average, there are around ** suicide deaths among adolescents per 100,000 population in the United States. The states with the highest rates of adolescent suicide include New Mexico, Idaho, and Oklahoma.

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Treatment Resistant Depression Therapeutics Market Size 2025-2029

The treatment resistant depression therapeutics market size is forecast to increase by USD 2.06 billion at a CAGR of 6.1% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to the high prevalence of mental health disorders, such as depression, in the US population. The emergence of advanced technologies, like artificial intelligence, in drug development is also driving pipeline development in this market. However, the high cost of treatment remains a major challenge, leading to a need for innovative solutions. Combination therapy and somatic therapies are gaining popularity as effective treatment options for those with treatment-resistant depression. Clinical guidelines recommend these approaches for patients who have not responded to traditional antidepressant medications. Furthermore, the market is witnessing an increase in the number of patent filings for new treatment modalities, providing opportunities for pharmaceutical companies to expand their offerings. The market is particularly relevant to individuals suffering from chronic conditions, such as fibromyalgia and chronic pain, who often experience depression as a co-occurring condition. Overall, the market is poised for growth, with a focus on developing effective and affordable treatment options for those in need.

What will be the Size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market represents a significant challenge in mental health care due to the limited efficacy of current antidepressant medications for individuals experiencing major depressive episodes. TRD, also known as treatment-resistant major depression, is a subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD) that does not respond to two or more trials of adequate doses of antidepressant medications of appropriate classes. TRD is a complex condition that often results in poor treatment adherence, increased healthcare utilization, and higher risk for hospitalization, suicidal ideation, and psychotic symptoms. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, approximately one-third of individuals diagnosed with MDD experience TRD, making it a critical area of focus for drug development. Pharmacological treatment remains the primary approach for managing TRD. Antidepressants, which are typically administered through oral, intravenous, or nasal routes, have shown limited success in treating TRD. However, recent advancements in TRD therapeutics include the use of esketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, which is administered nasally. Esketamine has shown promising results in clinical trials, providing rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in TRD patients. Despite these advancements, there is a need for alternative treatment approaches to address the complexities of TRD. Nonpharmacological treatments, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), psychotherapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, have shown potential in managing TRD.
Combination therapies, which involve the use of multiple treatment modalities, are also being explored to improve treatment outcomes. The market is witnessing a steady product pipeline, with several drugs in various stages of development. These drugs target various mechanisms involved in TRD, including neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmission. Drug approval processes are ongoing, and successful approvals could significantly impact the market. Mental health disorders, including TRD, have a substantial impact on healthcare access and suicide statistics. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the US, with depression being a significant risk factor.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Type

  Antidepressants
  NMDA
  Antipsychotics
  Others


Geography

  North America

    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Spain


  Asia

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Distribution Channel Insights

The offline segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a significant challenge in healthcare access, affecting a substantial number of individuals with major depressive disorders and other depression subtypes, including generalized anxiety disorder. According to statistics, suicide is a tragic consequence for some patients with TRD who do not respond to traditional antidepressant therapies. To address this unmet medical need, the product pipelin

This dataset contains counts of deaths for California as a whole based on information entered on death certificates. Final counts are derived from static data and include out-of-state deaths to California residents, whereas provisional counts are derived from incomplete and dynamic data. Provisional counts are based on the records available when the data was retrieved and may not represent all deaths that occurred during the time period. Deaths involving injuries from external or environmental forces, such as accidents, homicide and suicide, often require additional investigation that tends to delay certification of the cause and manner of death. This can result in significant under-reporting of these deaths in provisional data.

The final data tables include both deaths that occurred in California regardless of the place of residence (by occurrence) and deaths to California residents (by residence), whereas the provisional data table only includes deaths that occurred in California regardless of the place of residence (by occurrence). The data are reported as totals, as well as stratified by age, gender, race-ethnicity, and death place type. Deaths due to all causes (ALL) and selected underlying cause of death categories are provided. See temporal coverage for more information on which combinations are available for which years.

The cause of death categories are based solely on the underlying cause of death as coded by the International Classification of Diseases. The underlying cause of death is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the disease or injury which initiated the train of events leading directly to death, or the circumstances of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury." It is a single value assigned to each death based on the details as entered on the death certificate. When more than one cause is listed, the order in which they are listed can affect which cause is coded as the underlying cause. This means that similar events could be coded with different underlying causes of death depending on variations in how they were entered. Consequently, while underlying cause of death provides a convenient comparison between cause of death categories, it may not capture the full impact of each cause of death as it does not always take into account all conditions contributing to the death.

This dataset contains counts of deaths for California counties based on information entered on death certificates. Final counts are derived from static data and include out-of-state deaths to California residents, whereas provisional counts are derived from incomplete and dynamic data. Provisional counts are based on the records available when the data was retrieved and may not represent all deaths that occurred during the time period. Deaths involving injuries from external or environmental forces, such as accidents, homicide and suicide, often require additional investigation that tends to delay certification of the cause and manner of death. This can result in significant under-reporting of these deaths in provisional data.

The final data tables include both deaths that occurred in each California county regardless of the place of residence (by occurrence) and deaths to residents of each California county (by residence), whereas the provisional data table only includes deaths that occurred in each county regardless of the place of residence (by occurrence). The data are reported as totals, as well as stratified by age, gender, race-ethnicity, and death place type. Deaths due to all causes (ALL) and selected underlying cause of death categories are provided. See temporal coverage for more information on which combinations are available for which years.

The cause of death categories are based solely on the underlying cause of death as coded by the International Classification of Diseases. The underlying cause of death is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the disease or injury which initiated the train of events leading directly to death, or the circumstances of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury." It is a single value assigned to each death based on the details as entered on the death certificate. When more than one cause is listed, the order in which they are listed can affect which cause is coded as the underlying cause. This means that similar events could be coded with different underlying causes of death depending on variations in how they were entered. Consequently, while underlying cause of death provides a convenient comparison between cause of death categories, it may not capture the full impact of each cause of death as it does not always take into account all conditions contributing to the death.

Rank, number of deaths, percentage of deaths, and age-specific mortality rates for the leading causes of death, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.