This dataset contains a collection of known point locations of tiger sharks identified via automated satellite tracking of tagged organisms. This can be useful for assessing species abundance, population structure, habitat use, and behavior. This collection is aggregated from multiple tagged organisms and survey periods. Each data point contains attributes for further information about the time and source of the observation. This dataset was compiled by the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) and may be updated in the future if additional data sources are acquired. University of Hawaii's Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) desploys satellite tags on tiger sharks to track their movements within the Main Hawaiian Islands as well as the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands). Top predators play an important role in ecosystems by influencing prey behavior and shaping communities through trophic cascades. NOTE: This GIS layer is restricted to map images only. For all inquiries related to data access, please contact the principal investigators (PIs) directly. For further information, please see: http://www.himb.hawaii.edu/ReefPredator/Tiger%20Shark%20Research.htm

Outline of Hawaiian islands (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Kahoolawe, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii) generated from the Geologic Map of the State of Hawaii published by the USGS in 2007. Island boundaries shapefile shape index file

[Metadata] Summary: County Zoning for the Island of Maui as of October 2023. Source: County of Maui. Description: Island of Maui Land Use Zoning Designations, Maui County Code, Chapter 19, Zoning. Created by Maui County Planning Department from various Land Zoning maps and comprehensive zoning ordinances as of October 2023. For more information, please refer to metadata at https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/gis/data/cty_zoning_mau.pdf or contact the Maui County Planning Department at planning@mauicounty.gov or the Hawaii Statewide GIS Program, Office of Planning and Sustainable Development, State of Hawaii; PO Box 2359, Honolulu, Hi. 96804; (808) 587-2846; email: gis@hawaii.gov; Website: https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis.This data layer is intended to be used as a guide for planning purposes only and should not be used for boundary interpretations or other spatial analysis beyond the limitations of the data. Final confirmation of zoning must be provided by the County of Maui Department of Planning. The County of Maui shall have no other liability with regard to the digital zoning map. The County of Maui does not warrant that the map will meet the requirements of users or that the map will be error free, or that map defects will be corrected. The entire risk as to the quality and usefulness of the map and zoning designations and the entire risk arising out of the use or performance of this map and documentation rests with the user. In no event shall the County of Maui, or anyone else involved in the creation, production or delivery of this map, be liable for any damages whatsoever whether in contract or in tort, including but not limited to lost profits, lost savings, lost data, business interruption, computer failure or malfunction, or other pecuniary loss or any direct, indirect or incidental damages or other economic consequential damages, or for any claim or demand against the County of Maui by any other party, arising out of the use or inability to use this map, even if the County of Maui, or anyone else involved in the creation, production or delivery of this map, has been advised of the possibility of such damages.The limitation of remedies described in this Section also apply to any third-party supplier of materials to the County of Maui. The limitations of liabilities of the County of Maui and its third-party suppliers are not cumulative. Each such third-party supplier is an intended beneficiary of this Section.While the County of Maui has made every effort to offer the most current and correct information as possible, inadvertent errors in information are possible and said Zoning Map is not guaranteed and without warranty of any representation. Please contact the Planning Department’s Zoning and Administration Division at (808) 270-7253 if you believe there is an error with the map or have questions or concerns.

Recharge data for Hawaii Island in shapefile format. The data are from the following sources:

Whittier, R.B and A.I. El-Kadi. 2014. Human Health and Environmental Risk Ranking of On-Site Sewage Disposal systems for the Hawaiian Islands of Kauai, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii - Final, Prepared for Hawaii Dept. of Health, Safe Drinking Water Branch by the University of Hawaii, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics.

Oki, D. S. 1999. Geohydrology and Numerical Simulation of the Ground-Water Flow System of Kona, Island of Hawaii. U.S. Water-Resources Investigation Report: 99-4073.

Oki, D. S. 2002. Reassessment of Ground-water Recharge and Simulated Ground-Water Availability for the Hawi Area of North Kohala, Hawaii. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation report 02-4006. Hawaii island recharge shapefile shape index file

Estimates of genetic divergence, as measured by Kimura-2-parameter distances, among the main Ligia lineages in the Hawaii Archipelago and outgroups.

Rifts mapped through reviewing the location of dikes and vents on the USGS 2007 Geologic Map of the State of Hawaii, as well as our assessment of topography, and, to a small extent, gravity data. Data is in shapefile format. Hawaii rifts shapefile shape index file

Spatial variation in climatic conditions along elevation gradients provides an important backdrop by which communities assemble and diversify. Lowland habitats tend to be connected through time, whereas highlands can be continuously or periodically isolated, conditions that have been hypothesized to promote high levels of species endemism. This tendency is expected to be accentuated among taxa that show niche conservatism within a given climatic envelope. While species distribution modeling approaches have allowed extensive exploration of niche conservatism among target taxa, a broad understanding of the phenomenon requires sampling of entire communities. Species-rich groups such as arthropods are ideal case studies for understanding ecological and biodiversity dynamics along elevational gradients given their important functional role in many ecosystems, but community-level studies have been limited due to their tremendous diversity. Here, we develop a novel semi-quantitative metabarcoding approach that combines specimen counts and size-sorting to characterize arthropod community-level diversity patterns along two elevational gradients across two volcanoes on the island of Hawai`i. We find that arthropod communities between the two transects become increasingly distinct compositionally at higher elevations. Resistance surface approaches suggest that climatic differences between sampling localities are an important driver in shaping beta-diversity patterns, though the relative importance of climate varies across taxonomic groups. Nevertheless, the climatic niche position of OTUs between transects was highly correlated, suggesting that climatic filters shape the colonization between adjacent volcanoes. Taken together, our results highlight climatic niche conservatism as an important factor shaping ecological assembly along elevational gradients and suggest topographic complexity as an important driver of diversification.

Methods See Materials & Methods section of Reference

Faults combined from USGS 2007 Geologic Map of the State of Hawaii and the USGS Quaternary Fault and Fold database. This data is in shapefile format. Hawaii faults shapefile shape index file

Compared to the striking diversification and levels of endemism observed in many terrestrial groups within the Hawaiian Archipelago, marine invertebrates exhibit remarkably lower rates of endemism and diversification. Supralittoral invertebrates restricted to specific coastal patchy habitats, however, have the potential for high levels of allopatric diversification. This is the case of Ligia isopods endemic to the Hawaiian Archipelago, which most likely arose from a rocky supralittoral ancestor that colonized the archipelago via rafting, and diversified into rocky supralittoral and inland lineages. A previous study on populations of this isopod from Oʻahu and Kauaʻi revealed high levels of allopatric differentiation, and suggested inter-island historical dispersal events have been rare. To gain a better understanding on the diversity and evolution of this group, we expanded prior phylogeographic work by incorporating populations from unsampled main Hawaiian Islands (Maui, Molokaʻi, Lanaʻi, and Hawaiʻi), increasing the number of gene markers (four mitochondrial and two nuclear genes), and conducting Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Our study revealed new lineages and expanded the distribution range of several lineages. The phylogeographic patterns of Ligia in the study area are complex, with Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu, and the Maui-Nui islands sharing major lineages, implying multiple inter-island historical dispersal events. In contrast, the oldest and most geographically distant of the major islands (Kauaʻi) shares no lineages with the other islands. Our results did not support the monophyly of all the supralittoral lineages (currently grouped into L. hawaiensis), or the monophyly of the terrestrial lineages (currently grouped into L. perkinsi), implying more than one evolutionary transition between coastal and inland forms. Geometric-morphometric analyses of three supralittoral clades revealed significant body shape differences among them. A taxonomic revision of Hawaiian Ligia is warranted. Our results are relevant for the protection of biodiversity found in an environment subject to high pressure from disturbances.

The TIGER/Line Shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line Shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian (AIANNH) Areas Shapefile includes the following legal entities: federally recognized American Indian reservations and off-reservation trust land areas, state-recognized American Indian reservations, and Hawaiian home lands (HHLs). The statistical entities included are Alaska Native village statistical areas (ANVSAs), Oklahoma tribal statistical areas (OTSAs), tribal designated statistical areas (TDSAs), and state designated tribal statistical areas (SDTSAs). Joint use areas are also included in this shapefile refer to areas that are administered jointly and/or claimed by two or more American Indian tribes. The Census Bureau designates both legal and statistical joint use areas as unique geographic entities for the purpose of presenting statistical data. Note that tribal subdivisions and Alaska Native Regional Corporations (ANRCs) are additional types of American Indian/Alaska Native areas stored by the Census Bureau, but are displayed in separate shapefiles because of how they fall within the Census Bureau's geographic hierarchy. The State of Hawaii's Office of Hawaiian Home Lands provides the legal boundaries for the HHLs. The boundaries for ANVSAs, OTSAs, and TDSAs were delineated for the 2010 Census through the Tribal Statistical Areas Program (TSAP) by participants from the federally recognized tribal governments. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) within the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) provides the list of federally recognized tribes and only provides legal boundary information when the tribes need supporting records, if a boundary is based on treaty or another document that is historical or open to legal interpretation, or when another tribal, state, or local government challenges the depiction of a reservation or off-reservation trust land. The boundaries for federally recognized American Indian reservations and off-reservation trust lands are as of January 1, 2017, as reported by the federally recognized tribal governments through the Census Bureau's Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS). The boundaries for state-recognized American Indian reservations and for SDTSAs were delineated by a state governor-appointed liaisons for the 2010 Census through the State American Indian Reservation Program and TSAP respectively.

Best-fit model for drivers of 2019 bleaching (adjusted R-squared = 0.76).