Switzerland had the highest level of the Human Development Index (HDI) worldwide in 2022 with a value of 0.967. With a score of 0.966, Norway followed closely behind Switzerland and had the second highest level of human development in that year. The rise of the Asian tigers In the decades after the Cold War, the four so-called Asian tigers, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong (now a Special Administrative Region of China) experienced rapid economic growth and increasing human development. At number four and number nine of the HDI, respectively, Hong Kong and Singapore are the only Asian locations within the top 10 highest HDI scores. Both locations have experienced tremendous economic growth since the 1980’s and 1990’s. In 1980, the per capita GDP of Hong Kong was 5,703 U.S. dollars, increasing throughout the decades until reaching 50,029 in 2023, which is expected to continue to increase in the future. Meanwhile, in 1989, Singapore had a GDP of nearly 31 billion U.S. dollars, which has risen to nearly 501 billion U.S. dollars today and is also expected to keep increasing. Growth of the UAE The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is the only Middle Eastern country besides Israel within the highest ranking HDI scores globally. Within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the UAE has the third largest GDP behind Saudi Arabia and Israel, reaching nearly 507 billion U.S. dollars by 2022. Per capita, the UAE GDP was around 21,142 U.S. dollars in 1989, and has nearly doubled to 43,438 U.S. dollars by 2021. Moreover, this is expected to reach over 67,538 U.S. dollars by 2029. On top of being a major oil producer, the UAE has become a hub for finance and business and attracts millions of tourists annually.

(1) The Human Development Index (HDI) is compiled by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure a country's comprehensive development in the areas of health, education, and economy according to the UNDP's calculation formula.(2) Explanation: (1) The HDI value ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values being better. (2) Due to our country's non-membership in the United Nations and its special international situation, the index is calculated by our department according to the UNDP formula using our country's data. The calculation of the comprehensive index for each year is mainly based on the data of various indicators adopted by the UNDP. (3) In order to have the same baseline for international comparison, the comprehensive index and rankings are not retroactively adjusted after being published.(3) Notes: (1) The old indicators included life expectancy at birth, adult literacy rate, gross enrollment ratio, and average annual income per person calculated by purchasing power parity. (2) The indicators were updated to include life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and nominal gross national income (GNI) calculated by purchasing power parity. Starting in 2011, the GNI per capita was adjusted from nominal value to real value to exclude the impact of price changes. Additionally, the HDI calculation method has changed from arithmetic mean to geometric mean. (3) The calculation method for indicators in the education domain changed from geometric mean to simple average due to retrospective adjustments in the 2014 Human Development Report for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010-2012. Since 2016, the education domain has adopted data compiled by the Ministry of Education according to definitions from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

In 2021, Ghana scored 0.63 on the Human Development Index (HDI), which indicated a medium level of development. The country experienced a steady increase in the index from 2000 onwards. However, it remained between the medium and low indicators of human development.

Human Development Index trends

In 2023, Indonesia had a human development index score of 73.55. This reflects a slight increase in comparison to the previous year. The HDI score of Indonesia has been gradually increasing for the past decade.

Data sourced from the World Governance Indicators (WGI), World Development Indicators (WDI), Human Development Index (HDI), and Inequality measured by the Palma Ratio. This dataset includes six governance indicators from WGI, human development metrics from HDI, economic growth statistics, electricity supply data, CO2 emissions and inequality indicators. The comprehensive dataset spans from 2003 to 2018 and encompasses between 36 to 106 countries, depending on the specific variables.

In 2022, Ethiopia scored almost 0.5 in the Human Development Index (HDI), which indicated a low level of development. The country experienced no change in the HDI score since the 2019. However, an improvement was recorded from 2000 onwards. That year, Ethiopia's score was 0.29, meaning that the country had a lower human development. The country's categorization was low throughout the period under review.

In sub-Saharan Africa, a score of 0.55 was achieved on the Human Development Index (HDI) in 2021. This represented a low level of human development. Throughout the periods under study, the sub-region remained within the index scores of 0.42 and 0.56, an indication of low human development.

Human Development Index by country for 2013. This is a filtered layer based on the "Human Development Index by country, 1980-2010 time-series" layer.

Countries from Natural Earth 50M scale data with a Human Development Index attribute, repeated for each of the following years: 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, & 2013, to enable time-series display using the YEAR attribute. The Human Development Index measures achievement in 3 areas of human development: long life, good education and income. Specifically, the index is computed using life expectancy at birth, Mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and gross national income (GNI) per capita (PPP $). The United Nations categorizes the HDI values into 4 groups. In 2013 these groups were defined by the following HDI values: Very High: 0.736 and higher High: 0.615 to 0.735 Medium: 0.494 to 0.614 Low: 0.493 and lower

Human Development Index attributes are from The World Bank: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2013a), Barro and Lee (2013), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013), UN Statistics Division (2014), World Bank (2014) and IMF (2014).

India's performance on UNDP's Human Development Index (HDI) - score, rank, and comparison with global peers.

Countries from Natural Earth 50M scale data with a Human Development Index attribute for each of the following years: 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2013, 2015, & 2017. The Human Development Index measures achievement in 3 areas of human development: long life, good education and income. Specifically, the index is computed using life expectancy at birth, Mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and gross national income (GNI) per capita (PPP $). The United Nations categorizes the HDI values into 4 groups. In 2013 these groups were defined by the following HDI values: Very High: 0.736 and higher High: 0.615 to 0.735 Medium: 0.494 to 0.614 Low: 0.493 and lower

In 2015 & 2017 these groups were defined by the following HDI values: Very High: 0.800 and higher High: 0.700 to 0.799 Medium: 0.550 to 0.699 Low: 0.549 and lower

Human Development Index attributes are from The World Bank: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2013a), Barro and Lee (2013), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013), UN Statistics Division(2014), World Bank (2014) and IMF (2014). 2015 & 2017 values source: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2017a), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2018), United Nations Statistics Division (2018b), World Bank (2018b), Barro and Lee (2016) and IMF (2018).

Population data are from (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

Japan: Human Development Index (0 - 1): The latest value from 2023 is 0.925 points, an increase from 0.92 points in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 0.744 points, based on data from 185 countries. Historically, the average for Japan from 1980 to 2023 is 0.873 points. The minimum value, 0.772 points, was reached in 1980 while the maximum of 0.925 points was recorded in 2021.

The prices in the Germany for Q4 2023 reached 4587 USD/MT in December. The market saw declining prices, driven by sluggish demand and a preference for bio-based alternatives. The manufacturing slowdown, coupled with ample supply and stable shipping rates, further weakened market conditions, especially in the polyurethane segment. The housing market slowdown further diminished demand for related products, sustaining a bearish market trend.

Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) Prices December 2023

IMARC’s newly published report, titled “Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) Pricing Report 2025: Price Trend, Chart, Market Analysis, News, Demand, Historical and Forecast Data,” offers an in-depth analysis of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) pricing, covering an analysis of global and regional market trends and the critical factors driving these price movements.

Global HDI market size 2025 was XX Million. HDI Industry compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be XX% from 2025 till 2033.

High Density Interconnect (HDI) PCBs Market Outlook

The global High Density Interconnect (HDI) PCBs market size is poised for substantial growth, projected to reach approximately $23.8 billion by 2032, up from $12.5 billion in 2023, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.1%. The growth of the HDI PCBs market is primarily driven by the increasing demand for miniaturization and enhanced functionality in electronic devices. This demand is further fueled by technological advancements in various industries, including consumer electronics, automotive, and telecommunications. As these sectors continue to innovate and expand their technological capabilities, the reliance on HDI PCBs is anticipated to grow, driving market expansion.

One of the key growth factors in the HDI PCBs market is the rapid advancement and proliferation of consumer electronics. With the increasing demand for smartphones, tablets, and other compact devices, the need for HDI PCBs, which allow for more compact designs with higher circuit density, has surged. Manufacturers are leaning towards HDI PCBs to meet the needs for smaller, lighter, and more powerful electronic products. The use of HDI PCBs provides substantial benefits in terms of size reduction and performance enhancement, which are crucial factors in the competitive consumer electronics market. Furthermore, the rise of IoT devices, which require miniaturized components to maintain efficiency and effectiveness, also contributes significantly to the increased demand.

The automotive industry's growing inclination toward smart technology is another important growth factor propelling the HDI PCBs market. The integration of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), infotainment systems, and various smart automotive electronics necessitates the use of HDI PCBs for their compactness and high performance capabilities. As vehicles become more sophisticated, incorporating features such as autonomous driving and enhanced connectivity, the demand for HDI PCBs continues to rise. This is driven by the need for robust, reliable, and compact electronic solutions that HDI technology provides, which are essential for the next generation of smart and electric vehicles.

Additionally, the telecommunications industry is undergoing significant transformations with the rollout of 5G technology, which is another key growth accelerator for the HDI PCBs market. 5G infrastructure requires advanced, high-performance circuit boards to support increased data transmission speeds and reduced latency, which HDI PCBs are well-suited to provide. As the deployment of 5G networks advances globally, the demand for HDI PCBs in telecommunications equipment is expected to increase, offering substantial opportunities for market growth. The ability of HDI PCBs to handle high-frequency signals with minimal interference makes them an ideal choice for modern telecommunications applications.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to dominate the HDI PCBs market throughout the forecast period. The presence of major consumer electronics manufacturers in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea, coupled with the growing automotive and telecommunications sectors, contributes to its leading position. North America and Europe also present significant market opportunities, driven by advancements in automotive technology and the healthcare industry, which increasingly relies on sophisticated electronic devices. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America, although currently smaller markets, are expected to experience growth owing to industrialization and increasing investments in telecommunications infrastructure.

Product Type Analysis

In the realm of High Density Interconnect (HDI) PCBs, product type segmentation plays a crucial role in understanding the market dynamics. The segmentation into 4-6 Layers HDI PCBs, 8-10 Layers HDI PCBs, and 10+ Layers HDI PCBs provides a comprehensive view of the diverse applications and demands across various industries. The 4-6 Layers HDI PCBs segment is significant due to its widespread application in consumer electronics, where the demand for compact and efficient circuit designs is paramount. These PCBs are essential in manufacturing smartphones, tablets, and other portable electronic devices, where space constraints are challenging, and performance is crucial.

The 8-10 Layers HDI PCBs segment is gaining traction, particularly in industries that require more complex and higher-performing electronic solutions. This includes sectors like telecommunications and automotive, where the need for more layers allows for additional

Students will explore the spatial patterns of the Human Development Index (HDI) to identify regional patterns and causal factors in the data. The activity uses a web-based map. Learning outcomes: Students will be able to analyse development statistics and see how development correlates with other topics such as fertility and morality.Other New Zealand GeoInquiry instructional material freely available at https://arcg.is/1GPDXe

The human development index (HDI) score of Russia slightly decreased in 2022, having reached 0.821. The score of 0.824, which was recorded in 2018 and 2019, was the highest observation since 1990. The HDI is a statistic that combines life-expectancy, education levels and GDP per capita. Countries with scores over 0.800 are considered to have very high levels of development, compared with countries that score lower. The HDI score of Russia declined between 1990 and 1995 before recovering from 2000 onwards.

Copper Foil for HDI Market Outlook

The global copper foil for HDI market size was valued at approximately USD 8.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 15.3 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% during the forecast period. This robust growth is driven by the increasing demand for high-density interconnect (HDI) technology in various industries, particularly consumer electronics and automotive sectors, which are witnessing rapid advancements and innovations.

One of the primary growth factors for the copper foil for HDI market is the burgeoning consumer electronics sector. The continuous evolution and miniaturization of electronics require the use of HDI technology, which in turn relies heavily on high-quality copper foils. Smartphones, tablets, laptops, and wearable devices are increasingly incorporating HDI technology to enhance performance, reduce size, and improve overall functionality. The trend towards more compact and efficient electronic devices is expected to drive the demand for copper foils used in HDI applications.

Another significant growth driver is the automotive industry's shift towards electric vehicles (EVs). Electric vehicles and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) require sophisticated electronic systems that depend on HDI technology. As governments and regulatory bodies worldwide push for greener transportation solutions, the adoption of EVs is accelerating, thereby boosting the demand for copper foil in HDI applications. The automotive industry's transition to more electronically intensive systems is a crucial factor propelling the market's growth.

Industrial equipment and aerospace applications are also contributing to the market's expansion. In industrial equipment, the need for reliable and high-performance electronic systems is paramount. HDI technology, supported by copper foils, ensures robust performance and durability in harsh industrial environments. Similarly, the aerospace industry demands lightweight and high-functioning electronic components, making copper foil an essential material. These industries' emphasis on advanced technological solutions further propels the copper foil for HDI market.

Regionally, Asia Pacific dominates the copper foil for HDI market, driven by the presence of major electronics manufacturers and the region's rapid industrialization. Countries like China, Japan, and South Korea are leading producers and consumers of HDI technology, thus fueling the demand for copper foils. The region's strong foothold in electronics manufacturing, coupled with favorable government policies supporting technological advancements, positions Asia Pacific as a key market player. Additionally, North America and Europe are witnessing steady growth due to their robust automotive and aerospace sectors. These regions' technological advancements and innovation in electronic systems further augment the market's growth.

Product Type Analysis

The copper foil for HDI market is segmented by product type into electrolytic copper foil and rolled copper foil. Electrolytic copper foil is anticipated to hold a dominant share owing to its cost-effectiveness and widespread usage in mass production. Electrolytic copper foil is produced through an electrochemical process, making it suitable for high-volume manufacturing, which is essential for consumer electronics and automotive applications. The increased demand for consumer electronics and electric vehicles significantly boosts the demand for electrolytic copper foil.

Rolled copper foil, on the other hand, is known for its superior mechanical properties and high conductivity, making it ideal for applications requiring flexibility and durability. Rolled copper foil is produced through a mechanical rolling process that enhances its structural integrity. This type of copper foil is particularly favored in aerospace and industrial equipment applications where reliability and performance are critical. Although rolled copper foil is more expensive than electrolytic copper foil, its unique properties justify its usage in high-performance applications.

The selection of copper foil type largely depends on the specific requirements of the end application. For example, consumer electronics manufacturers often prefer electrolytic copper foil due to its cost-effectiveness and suitability for high-production volumes. In contrast, industries like aerospace prioritize rolled copper foil for its enhanced durability and reliability. The diverse applications and varying requirements of different industries

Bolivia: Human Development Index (0 - 1): The latest value from 2023 is 0.733 points, an increase from 0.698 points in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 0.744 points, based on data from 185 countries. Historically, the average for Bolivia from 1980 to 2023 is 0.634 points. The minimum value, 0.494 points, was reached in 1980 while the maximum of 0.733 points was recorded in 2023.