Ethiopia ET: Government Expenditure on Education: Total: % of Government Expenditure data was reported at 27.021 % in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 30.540 % for 2012. Ethiopia ET: Government Expenditure on Education: Total: % of Government Expenditure data is updated yearly, averaging 14.870 % from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2013, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30.540 % in 2012 and a record low of 9.701 % in 1983. Ethiopia ET: Government Expenditure on Education: Total: % of Government Expenditure data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank: Education Statistics. General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on all sectors (including health, education, social services, etc.). It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.; ; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; Median;

Abstract

For many years, international donors, multilateral corporations, governments and philanthropies have invested heavily in supporting family planning programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Regardless the resources applied to FP, the gap of the needs met is still huge: In response to the need for a revamped family planning agenda, several initiatives have been developed, among them, the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) Initiative. FP2020 is a global partnership that supports the rights of couples, women and girls to decide, freely, and for themselves, whether, when, and how many children they want to have. The initiative works with governments, civil society, multi-lateral organizations, donors, the private sector, and the research and development community to enable 120 million more women and girls to use contraceptives by 2020.

Given the paucity of information on this expenditure, this pilot study was implemented in Tanzania and Ethiopia. The aim was to ascertain the feasibility of generating quality data on expenditure on family planning from the public and private sectors involved in providing family planning goods and services in the two countries.

Increasing access to family planning (FP) can reduce poverty and hunger, avert maternal and childhood deaths and increase women's empowerment (John Cleland et al., 2006). Effective FP also promotes an economic boom as it ensures a healthier, better educated, and skilled workforce, as well as low dependency ratios (World Health Organisation, United States Agency for International Development, Population Reference Bureau, & Academy for Educational Development, 2008).

For many years, international donors, multilateral corporations, governments and philanthropies have invested heavily in supporting family planning programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Regardless the resources applied to FP, the gap of the needs met is still huge: if unintended pregnancies would drop by 70%, the number would mean a reduction of undesired pregnancies from 74 million to 22 million per year (UNFPA, Guttmacher Institute, 2014). Recently, however, funding for FP has begun to decline leading to reversals in gains already achieved in some developing countries (Barbara O'Hanlon, 2009). In response to the need for a revamped family planning agenda, several initiatives have been developed, among them, the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) Initiative. FP2020 is a global partnership that supports the rights of couples, women and girls to decide, freely, and for themselves, whether, when, and how many children they want to have. The initiative works with governments, civil society, multi-lateral organizations, donors, the private sector, and the research and development community to enable 120 million more women and girls to use contraceptives by 2020 (FP2020, 2013).

To reach the above-mentioned goal financial information is required to estimate the additional resources needed as well as to find opportunities of an effective and efficient use of the expenditure.The aim is to get clarity on how much is currently spent on family planning and to which components the expenditure go to. Considering the experience in the Resource Flows Project in NIDI, Futures Institute, HPP invited NIDI to develop this study and to identify the major flows of FP funds through a pilot study, which could lead to an enriched tool and more relevant and comprehensive data.

Given the paucity of information on this expenditure, this pilot study was implemented in Tanzania and Ethiopia. The aim was to ascertain the feasibility of generating quality data on expenditure on family planning from the public and private sectors involved in providing family planning goods and services in the two countries. Additionally, estimates on OOPs and the external funding reaching the country with a FP purpose would be prepared. The study was also expected to provide lessons to guide efforts to bring tracking of FP expenditure to scale.

This report presents the various contributions to the study, notably from Futures Institute proposing the content and including the measurement of OOPS; from APHRC performing and reporting the domestic survey in both countries; and from NIDI with the platform for the domestic component, the external resources measurement and the integration of all components. The content includes the following sections: a) Methodology and approach for each area of work: external funding, the domestic survey and OOPS, as well as the quality control and verification process; b) The results on the external funds channeled to FP services in Tanzania and Ethiopia collected by the Resource Flows project; c) Main results of the pilot survey in Tanzania and in Ethiopia, by component: Government, NGO, Corporations, collected and reported by APHRC; d) Family Planning OOPs estimates in both countries, by Futures Institute; e) Summary overview of the experiences and respondent feedback to the domestic survey with a discussion to briefly reflect on the response of the questionnaire and how it served its purpose; f) General discussion and conclusions.

Geographic coverage

This survey covered sampled actors in family planning in Ethiopia and Tanzania.

Analysis unit

Government departments , corporations, NGOs, Public institutions, insurance companies, local philanthropies and consultants that deal with family planning issues.

Universe

The survey covered sampled government departments , corporations, NGOs, Public institutions, insurance companies, local philanthropies and consultants that deal with family planning issues.

Sampling procedure

The first step in implementing the survey was to prelist all known key players in FP financing and provision. From that list was extracted all government, insurance companies, and large corporations to be included. For parsimony, the top 10 NGOs and a simple random sample of the remaining NGOs were included in the sample. The top 10 NGOs and other major players were identified based on the consultant's knowledge of the specific organization's approximate market share of FP involvement in their respective countries and consultative discussion with national FP service provision experts.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires were structured. There was a question specifically customized for NGOs, corporations, governments, local philanthropies, consultants and insurance companies. They all collected data on general information, sources of income, projects on family planning and expenditures.

Cleaning operations

After all data were collected, the questionnaires were forwarded to APHRC for entry into an MS Access database developed to capture the data from paper form to soft format. All data were exported to STATA for further management.

Additional to the quality of data developed by AHPRC, NIDI performed a data verification a) comparing the original questionnaires and the entries in the database, b) selected entries and estimations were verified and their impact in the data (e.g. rates, time of transactions); c) suggestion of non- data entry error detection e.g. double count search; and d) a report with specific suggestions was given back to help the improvement of the results.

In 2012, the Informed Decisions for Action in Maternal and Newborn Health (IDEAS) project, based at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, collected data to answer the following research question: In Uttar Pradesh in India, Ethiopia, and Gombe state in Nigeria, where innovations to enhance frequency and quality of health care for mothers and newborns are in place, is there evidence to suggest that increases in frequency and quality of health care were linked to increases in the coverage of interventions that save maternal and newborn lives?"

Applying a cluster household survey design in the defined geographies, individual level data were collected in May (Ethiopia), June (Nigeria) and November (India) 2012. Women aged 13-49 years, who had had a live birth in the 12 months prior to survey, were asked a detailed set of questions about behaviours and practices during that pregnancy, birth, and during the first month of newborn life. From these data it is possible to answer questions about frequency and content of care along the continuum from pregnancy to newborn care in three high mortality settings where commitments are currently in place to improve health outcomes.

The data held at the UK Data Archive are an extract from a larger household dataset that recorded information about the knowledge of danger signs, experience of danger signs, access to health care, and costs of accessing care for individual women, and the characteristics of the households they were resident in. Further information on the project and findings for each country may be found on the IDEAS Resources webpages.