This dataset provides detailed information on the 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for Birmingham, UK. The data is available at the postcode level and includes the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) information.Data is provided at the LSOA 2011 Census geography.The decile score ranges from 1-10 with decile 1 representing the most deprived 10% of areas while decile 10 representing the least deprived 10% of areas.The IMD rank and decile score is allocated to the LSOA and all postcodes within it at the time of creation (2019).Note that some postcodes cross over LSOA boundaries. The Office for National Statistics sets boundaries for LSOAs and allocates every postcode to one LSOA only: this is the one which contains the majority of residents in that postcode area (as at 2011 Census).

The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 provide detailed measures of relative deprivation across small areas in England. The Health Deprivation and Disability dataset is a crucial part of this index, capturing the risk of premature death and the impairment of quality of life through poor physical or mental health. This dataset includes indicators such as years of potential life lost, comparative illness and disability ratios, acute morbidity, and mood and anxiety disorders. It helps identify areas with significant health and disability challenges, guiding policy interventions and resource allocation to improve health outcomes and reduce health inequalities.

This dataset presents the latest relative measures of deprivation across England, compiling data for 33,755 LSOAs using the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025 (IMD25) framework. It includes:

A ranking of neighbourhoods from most to least deprived, enabling comparative analysis rather than absolute measurement. Seven domain indices (Income; Employment; Education, Skills & Training; Health Deprivation & Disability; Crime; Barriers to Housing & Services; Living Environment) which are weighted and aggregated to form the overall IMD25. Two supplementary indices: the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) and the Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) Summary data for higher-level geographies (Local Authority Districts, Integrated Care Boards, etc) derived from the LSOA data.

Geographic unit: Postcodes.Data for the IoD is modelled at LSOA level. This dataset contains the postcodes within each LSOA and will report on the LSOA scores and ranks as well as provide the values for the respective local authority.

Temporal Reference This is a cross-sectional release representing a “snapshot” of relative deprivation. While previous versions (e.g., IoD2019) exist, changes to methodology, indicators and geographies mean that direct time-series comparisons should be approached with caution.

Purpose / Use Cases

To identify and compare areas of relative deprivation across England at small-area level. To support resource allocation, policymaking, service planning, and funding applications by local and national organisations. To explore the different domains of deprivation and their spatial patterns.

Caveats & Limitations

The indices measure relative deprivation only. A rank of “1” identifies the most deprived area relative to others, but this does not quantify the absolute extent of deprivation. The dataset does not identify deprived individuals nor does it measure affluence. Comparisons over time (especially across versions) are limited because of changes to data sources, indicator definitions, and geography. The data apply exclusively to England and should not be directly compared with similar indices from Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland.

Methodological Summary

Indicators: 55 indicators used in this version (an increase from 39 in IoD2019) including new and revised measures of income benefit claimants, pupil absence, broadband connectivity, energy performance certificates, access to private gardens, noise pollution, and more. Domain weights: Income 22.5%; Employment 22.5%; Education/Skills 13.5%; Health 13.5%; Crime 9.3%; Barriers to Housing & Services 9.3%; Living Environment 9.3%. Extensive quality assurance and validation of indicators and inputs has been conducted.

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