The number of deaths caused by heart disease has decreased in the United States from 321.8 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 161.5 deaths per 100,000 population in 2019. Nevertheless, heart disease is still the leading cause of death in the country, followed closely by cancer, which has a mortality rate of 146.2 per 100,000 people.

Heart disease in the U.S.

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are often associated with atherosclerosis which occurs when plaque builds up along arterial walls. This can limit the flow of blood and can lead to blood clots, a common cause of stroke or heart attacks. Other types of heart disease include arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythms) and heart valve problems. Many of these diseases can be treated with medication, although many complications will still remain. One of the leading cholesterol lowering drugs in the United States, Crestor, generated around 1.2 billion U.S. dollars of revenue in 2021.

Risk Factors for heart disease There are many risk factors associated with the development of heart disease including family history, ethnicity, and age. However, there are other factors that can be modified through lifestyle changes such as physical inactivity, smoking, and unhealthy diets. Obesity has also been commonly associated with risk factors like hypertension and diabetes type II. In the U.S., some 30 percent of white adults are currently obese.

In 2023, around 192 out of 100,000 Canadians died from major cardiovascular diseases. In 2000, the death rate stood at over 247 deaths per 100,000. This statistic displays the age-standardized death rate for major cardiovascular diseases in Canada from 2000 to 2023. Cardiovascular health Cardiovascular health and disease has come to the forefront of healthcare in recent years, as the burden due to these diseases and related conditions has increased over time in an aging population. Public health strategies are focused on reducing the impact of cardiovascular conditions through education and interventions targeted at decreasing the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases- many of which involve lifestyle and diet elements. Medical interventions for cardiovascular disease can range from emergency interventions to surgical procedures to pharmacological treatments: in Canada, medications for the cardiovascular system held over two percent of the sales share for patented drugs in 2021. Causes of death in Canada Worldwide, Canada ranks in the top twenty countries for life expectancy and is well above the OECD average, with the average life expectancy higher for Canadian women than for men. Much like in other developed countries, malignant neoplasms join cardiovascular diseases in the leading causes of death in Canada; other main causes of death in the country include accidents, cerebrovascular diseases, and chronic lower respiratory diseases. Over the past couple decades, the age-standardized death rate for all causes among Canada’s population has increased; in 2023, it reached nearly 814 per 100,000 population.

US: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Female data was reported at 11.800 NA in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 11.600 NA for 2015. US: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 11.800 NA from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.600 NA in 2000 and a record low of 11.600 NA in 2015. US: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD is the percent of 30-year-old-people who would die before their 70th birthday from any of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease, assuming that s/he would experience current mortality rates at every age and s/he would not die from any other cause of death (e.g., injuries or HIV/AIDS).; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;

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In China and other Asian nations, traditional medicine has long been utilized in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). While Chinese authorities have incorporated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment experiences as a supplementary guide for CVD, its international recognition remains limited due to a scarcity of high-quality and reliable randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evidence. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical outcomes with TCM for CVD after the recent publication of large trials adding >20,000 individuals to the published data. Here, we systematically reviewed 55 published RCTs (modified Jadad scores > 4) in the past 20 years, involving a total of 36,261 patients. In most studies, TCM has been associated with significant improvements in alternative endpoints such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure. A total of 19 trials reported on primary outcomes such as cardiovascular events and death events. During the follow-up period, some Chinese patent medicines can effectively reduce the “hard” endpoints of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure, the overall trend of cardiovascular outcomes is lower. The risk of adverse effects was not significantly increased compared to the control group, suggesting its potential as an alternative approach for primary and secondary prevention of CVD based on the available evidence.

Ivory Coast CI: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Male data was reported at 28.200 NA in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 28.500 NA for 2015. Ivory Coast CI: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 27.700 NA from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.500 NA in 2015 and a record low of 25.200 NA in 2000. Ivory Coast CI: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ivory Coast – Table CI.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD is the percent of 30-year-old-people who would die before their 70th birthday from any of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease, assuming that s/he would experience current mortality rates at every age and s/he would not die from any other cause of death (e.g., injuries or HIV/AIDS).; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;

TD: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70 data was reported at 23.400 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 24.500 % for 2020. TD: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70 data is updated yearly, averaging 25.250 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2021, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.800 % in 2003 and a record low of 23.400 % in 2021. TD: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Chad – Table TD.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD is the percent of 30-year-old-people who would die before their 70th birthday from any of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease, assuming that s/he would experience current mortality rates at every age and s/he would not die from any other cause of death (e.g., injuries or HIV/AIDS).;World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).;Weighted average;This is the Sustainable Development Goal indicator 3.4.1 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

This statistic shows the death rate from diseases of the heart in the U.S. in 2016, by age and gender. In the age group between 35 and 44 years, there were around 35.5 male deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in the United States.

IT: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data was reported at 20.000 NA in 2016. IT: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 20.000 NA from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2016, with 1 observations. IT: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution is the number of deaths attributable to the joint effects of household and ambient air pollution in a year per 100,000 population. The rates are age-standardized. Following diseases are taken into account: acute respiratory infections (estimated for all ages); cerebrovascular diseases in adults (estimated above 25 years); ischaemic heart diseases in adults (estimated above 25 years); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults (estimated above 25 years); and lung cancer in adults (estimated above 25 years).; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;

No. of Deaths: Caused by: Ischemic Heart Diseases data was reported at 11,600.000 Person in Sep 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 11,395.000 Person for Jun 2024. No. of Deaths: Caused by: Ischemic Heart Diseases data is updated quarterly, averaging 10,944.000 Person from Mar 2017 (Median) to Sep 2024, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,926.000 Person in Mar 2022 and a record low of 8,225.000 Person in Jun 2017. No. of Deaths: Caused by: Ischemic Heart Diseases data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Administrative Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.G012: Number of Deaths: Cause of Death.

In 2023, there were approximately 750.5 deaths by all causes per 100,000 inhabitants in the United States. This statistic shows the death rate for all causes in the United States between 1950 and 2023. Causes of death in the U.S. Over the past decades, chronic conditions and non-communicable diseases have come to the forefront of health concerns and have contributed to major causes of death all over the globe. In 2022, the leading cause of death in the U.S. was heart disease, followed by cancer. However, the death rates for both heart disease and cancer have decreased in the U.S. over the past two decades. On the other hand, the number of deaths due to Alzheimer’s disease – which is strongly linked to cardiovascular disease- has increased by almost 141 percent between 2000 and 2021. Risk and lifestyle factors Lifestyle factors play a major role in cardiovascular health and the development of various diseases and conditions. Modifiable lifestyle factors that are known to reduce risk of both cancer and cardiovascular disease among people of all ages include smoking cessation, maintaining a healthy diet, and exercising regularly. An estimated two million new cases of cancer in the U.S. are expected in 2025.

SCORE Risk Charts

The European cardiovascular disease risk assessment model

Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE): high and low cardiovascular risk charts based on gender, age, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and smoking status, with relative risk chart, qualifiers and instructions.

Advantages of SCORE - Based on a large data set tested thoroughly with European data - Operates with hard, reproducible endpoints (CVD death) - Risk of CHD and stroke death can be derived separately - Enables the development of an electronic interactive version of the risk chart - The SCORE risk function can be calibrated to each country’s national mortality statistics

The SCORE database combines results from: - 12 European cohort studies - 250,000 patient-data sets - 3 million person-years of observation - 7,000 fatal CV events

https://www.escardio.org/Education/Practice-Tools/CVD-prevention-toolbox/SCORE-Risk-Charts

https://www.heartscore.org/

BackgroundCongenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children globally, with significant variations in outcomes across different regions.ObjectiveTo provide comprehensive estimates of CHD prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among children under five years old globally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, trends in CHD prevalence, mortality, and DALYs were analyzed. Mortality estimates were generated using Cause of Death Ensemble modeling, while prevalence and DALYs were estimated using DisMod-MR 2.1. Systematic literature reviews informed the disability estimates.ResultsIn 2021, the global prevalence of CHD in children under five years was over 4.18 million, reflecting a 3.4% increase since 1990. CHD-associated mortality decreased by 56.2%, and DALYs declined by 55.7% from 1990 to 2021. Low and low-middle Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions experienced the highest prevalence and mortality rates. South Asia had the highest number of CHD cases, while Oceania had the highest mortality and DALY rates. India had the highest number of cases, while Afghanistan had the highest mortality and DALY rates.ConclusionsCHD remains a significant global health challenge, with substantial disparities in disease burden across regions. Targeted interventions are needed to improve survival and quality of life, particularly in high-burden areas.

AimHeart failure (HF) is a severe manifestation or late stage of various heart diseases. As an anti-inflammatory nutrient, dietary fiber has been shown to be associated with the progression and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, little is known about the relationship between dietary fiber intake and mortality in HF survivors. This study evaluated the association between dietary fiber intake and all-cause and CVD-caused mortality among HF survivors.MethodsData for the study were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018. Dietary fiber intake information was obtained by a 24-h dietary recall interview. Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through 31 December 2019. Covariates, including sociodemographic, lifestyle, disease history, and laboratory data, were extracted from the database. The weighted univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to explore the association between dietary fiber intake and mortality among HF survivors, with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Further stratified analyses were performed to explore this association based on age, gender, a history of diabetes and dyslipidemia, and duration of HF.ResultsA total of 1,510 patients were included. Up to 31 December 2019, 859 deaths had occurred over a mean follow-up of 70.00 months. After multivariable adjustment, a higher dietary fiber intake was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD-caused mortality in HF survivors, especially in male patients, those aged

United States US: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data was reported at 17.000 NA in 2016. United States US: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 17.000 NA from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2016, with 1 observations. United States US: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution is the number of deaths attributable to the joint effects of household and ambient air pollution in a year per 100,000 population. The rates are age-standardized. Following diseases are taken into account: acute respiratory infections (estimated for all ages); cerebrovascular diseases in adults (estimated above 25 years); ischaemic heart diseases in adults (estimated above 25 years); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults (estimated above 25 years); and lung cancer in adults (estimated above 25 years).; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;

BackgroundMetabolic factors have an increasing impact on hypertensive heart disease (HHD). This study analyzes the global burden trends of HHD from 1990–2021, focusing on the contributions of high systolic blood pressure (HSBP) and high body mass index (BMI).MethodsThis study, based on the 2021 GBD database, analyzes the trends in deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) attributable to HSBP and high BMI from 1990–2021 at global, regional, and national levels. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) is used to assess the temporal dynamics of the disease burden, and the relationship between the disease burden and the sociodemographic index (SDI) is explored.ResultsIn 2021, deaths and DALYs due to HSBP and high BMI significantly increased compared to 1990. However, the ASMR for HSBP-related HHD [EAPC: −0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.77 to −0.58] and ASDR (EAPC: −0.90; 95% CI: −0.99 to −0.80) showed a decreasing trend, while the ASMR for BMI-related HHD (EAPC: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.27–0.39) and ASDR (EAPC: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.10–0.21) exhibited an increasing trend. From 1990–2021, the regions with the largest increases in ASMR and ASDR for HSBP-related HHD were Eastern Europe and High-income North America, while the largest increases for BMI-related HHD were seen in High-income North America. Moreover, most of the top 10 countries with the largest increases in ASMR and ASDR due to HSBP and BMI were from Eastern Europe. Additionally, in 2021, China had the highest number of deaths and DALYs globally due to HSBP and high BMI-related HHD. At the SDI level, Low SDI regions had the highest ASMR and ASDR for both HSBP and BMI-related HHD in 2021, with a negative correlation to overall SDI. Furthermore, deaths, DALYs, ASMR, and ASDR due to HSBP and BMI in females were generally higher than in males after the ages of 64 and 54, respectively, with the disease burden mainly concentrated in middle-aged and elderly populations.ConclusionsMetabolic factors are major risk contributors to HHD, with a disproportionately higher burden of mortality and DALYs observed among older adults, particularly women in later life stages. Given these trends, early identification and intervention in key populations should be prioritized through targeted public health strategies and multilayered interventions to mitigate the global burden of HHD and alleviate its growing strain on healthcare systems.

BackgroundIschemic heart disease (IHD) places a heavy burden on individual and public health. Nevertheless, comprehensive assessments of the burden of IHD in the elderly are absent. It is imperative to update the burden of IHD in older adults and predict the trends.MethodsThe absolute numbers and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for IHD among people aged 60–89 years from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Joinpoint regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the epidemiologic trend of IHD in the elderly from 1990 to 2019. Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the burden of IHD among the elderly from 2020 to 2034.ResultsAge-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR), and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of IHD in older adults have declined slightly over the past 30 years. In 2019, the ASPR, ASIR, ASDR, and ASMR among the elderly with IHD were 14,280.53 (95% UI, 12,301.34–16,610.6), 1,445.21 (1,142–1,793.58), 11,225.74 (10,342.09–11,960.64), and 675.24 (614.21–721.75) per 100,000. The burden of IHD was significantly higher in older men than in women during the study period. In terms of socio-demographic index (SDI), countries and territories with lower SDI bore a more severe burden of IHD. The burden of IHD in the elderly varied considerably across countries. Uzbekistan had the largest increase in rates of prevalence, incidence, DALY, and mortality. The projections show a downward trend in DALY and mortality rates for IHD in older adults from 2020 to 2034, but incidence and prevalence will increase.ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2019, the worldwide burden of IHD among the elderly witnessed a decline. The IHD burden varied significantly across countries and territories. Policymakers should rationalize the allocation of health resources and implement effective prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the burden of IHD among the elderly in economically less developed countries and regions.

PurposeThe aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular mortality risk among lung cancer patients compared to the general population.MethodsUsing data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, we conducted a population-based cohort study including 278,418 lung cancer patients aged over 30 years between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2020 as well as the general population. Poisson regression was employed to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for cardiovascular mortality.ResultsPatients exhibited a significantly higher IRR of cardiovascular mortality risk compared to the general population [IRR 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–1.77]. The risk was most pronounced in patients aged 30–79 years (IRR 2.61, 95% CI 2.55–2.66), peaking at ages 30–34 years (IRR 48.93, 95% CI 21.98–108.92). Elevated cardiovascular mortality risks were observed across all subgroups, including diseases of the heart (IRR 1.79, 95% CI 1.75–1.82), cerebrovascular diseases (IRR 1.52, 95% CI 1.45–1.59), and other cardiovascular diseases (IRR 1.78, 95% CI 1.67–1.90). The first month after diagnosis presented the highest risk for patients aged 30–79 years (IRR 12.08, 95% CI 11.49–12.70) and ≥80 years (IRR 4.03, 95% CI 3.70–4.39). Clinical characteristics significantly modified cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionsIntegrating cardiovascular disease monitoring and proactive management into lung cancer treatment protocols is essential to the improvement of overall survival and quality of life for lung cancer patients, particularly those who were young or with advanced tumor stage.

It was estimated that in the fiscal year 2021-2022, there were 120,315 deaths in Canada from ischemic heart disease among those aged 20 years and older. Furthermore, there were 46,670 deaths from acute myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack. This statistic shows the number of deaths in Canada attributable to ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction from 2000-2022.

Algeria DZ: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data was reported at 55.000 NA in 2016. Algeria DZ: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 55.000 NA from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2016, with 1 observations. Algeria DZ: Mortality Rate Attributed to Household and Ambient Air Pollution: Age-standardized: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Algeria – Table DZ.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution is the number of deaths attributable to the joint effects of household and ambient air pollution in a year per 100,000 population. The rates are age-standardized. Following diseases are taken into account: acute respiratory infections (estimated for all ages); cerebrovascular diseases in adults (estimated above 25 years); ischaemic heart diseases in adults (estimated above 25 years); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults (estimated above 25 years); and lung cancer in adults (estimated above 25 years).; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;