The Scotland Heat Map provides the locations of existing and planned heat networks. Both communal and district heat networks are included. Data about each network includes, where available, heat capacity size category, network name, status (either 'operational' or 'in development') and the main technology used (for example, 'boiler'). There is only one point location for each network, the data does not show all connected properties or pipe layouts. Networks can serve domestic properties, non-domestic properties or a mixture of the two. Heat networks have the potential to reduce carbon emissions from heating buildings. Alongside other heat map datasets, information on existing and planned networks is used to identify further opportunities to reduce carbon emissions. For example, by connecting more buildings to an existing network or by replacing the energy source with a nearby lower carbon alternative. Data on heat networks comes from two sources. These are: the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero's Heat Networks (Metering and Billing) Regulations (HNMBR) dataset and Zero Waste Scotland's Low Carbon Heat Database (LCHD). The most recent data available is up to end July 2022 for the HNMBR dataset (though the majority of the HNMBR data included in the heat map is up to end December 2018) and January 2022 for the LCHD. More information can be found in the documentation available on the Scottish Government website: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotland-heat-map-documents/

The 'Warmtekaart Vlaanderen 2019' was commissioned by the Flemish Energy and Climate Agency to implement the EU Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency and the Renewable Energy Directive (EU) 2018/2001. The main products are maps for 2019 for the territory of Flanders with the heat demand from large and small consumers, results at the level of the municipalities and the statistical sectors, maps of the existing and planned heat networks and, finally, the locations of potential heat supply points. The study was carried out by VITO in collaboration with the distribution system operator Fluvius. You can consult the accompanying report here: https://www.energiesparen.be/ Warmtekaart. For the year 2019, 58 existing heating networks in Flanders could be identified, or 92 km in total (slot length). 52 of them could be mapped with their route (see map layer 'Existing heat networks 2019 (lines)'. This map layer shows the location of the other 6 heat networks by means of a point. The map layer contains the following information for each heat network: name of the project, type of network, municipality, heat network operator, heat network supplier, supply to residential/industrial/tertiary, temperature level, slot length, generators, amount of energy supplied to heat network, share of (non-)renewable (non-)residual heat, financing received, financing from which resources and finally whether an expansion of the network is planned.The term heating network means the systems that fall under the definition of heating or cooling network in the Energy Decree, Article 1.1.3.,133/2°.For more background information, reference is made to the Heat Map report.

Under the Energy Efficiency Directive and the Renewable Energy Directive, EU Member States were required to report national figures and plans on heat and cold by the end of June 2024. This is in line with the European Energy Union's strategy to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The main products are maps for the territory of Flanders with the heat demand at the level of the municipalities and the statistical sectors, maps of the existing and planned heat networks and finally also locations of potential heat supply points. The study was carried out by the Flemish Energy and Climate Agency. You can consult the accompanying report here: https://www.vlaanderen.be/building-living-and-energy/green-energy/heat map. For the year 2024, in addition to the existing heat networks, 19 locations could also be identified where plans are being made to build or expand a heat network. For these planned nets, the map layer also contains information about: name of the project, owner, postcode, municipality and whether or not a subsidy has been applied for under the call for green heat/residual heat. For more background information, please refer to the Heat Map report.

The map shows locations of heating networks. These are local and district heating networks that supply heat to several objects via pipelines and are fed by one or more central heat generators. The representation does not claim to exactness of the coordinates of the extended heat networks or to completeness. Further heating networks can be included in this presentation at any time by notification from the operators.

The 'Warmtekaart Vlaanderen' was commissioned by the Flemish Energy Agency to implement EU Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency. The main products are maps with heat demand and heat supply for the current situation (2012) and a map with promising areas for heat recovery and heat networks in the future, both for the territory of Flanders. The study was carried out by VITO in collaboration with the distribution system operators Eandis and Infrax. You can consult the accompanying report here: www.energiesparen.be/ Warmtekaart. -- In the context of the Heat Map of Flanders, it was investigated for each grid cell of 1200 x 1200m in Flanders whether it is a promising (economically interesting or benefits greater than the costs) area for investment in a heat network based on residual heat or on the basis of heat from a new high-efficiency cogeneration plant. For more background information, please refer to the report. -- This section contains four map layers: Title (1): Using residual heat in the same grid cell. Map layer name (1): er_kb_net_lok_1200m Description (1): In this cost-benefit analysis, the economic potential for a local heat network was investigated within each grid cell with available residual heat. The calculations take into account support mechanisms from the Flemish government ("Residual heat investment support"). The analysis takes place at a resolution of 1200 x 1200 m and is based on the situation in 2012. Title (2) : If the residual heat is transported to neighboring cells. Map layer name (2): er_kb_net_nab_1200m Description (2): For each grid cell with a heat demand, a cost-benefit calculation is made based on available residual heat in neighboring grid cells, the so-called grid cell with a “heat source”. The transport of the residual heat to the grid cell under consideration entails additional costs. This is based on a direct supply to the grid cell under evaluation. The calculations take into account support mechanisms from the Flemish government ("Residual heat investment support"). The analysis takes place at a resolution of 1200 x 1200 m and is based on the situation in 2012. Title (3): Where the residual heat is extracted from a neighboring cell, with a residual heat value of 25 EUR/MWh. Map layer name (3): er_kb_net_comb_max_wrw_1200m Description (3): A cost-benefit calculation is made for each grid cell with a heat demand, which is based on available residual heat in neighboring grid cells, the so-called grid cell with a “heat source”. The transport of the residual heat to the grid cell under consideration entails additional costs. This time possible economies of scale are taken into account if intermediate grid cells themselves proceed to the construction of a heat network. The calculations take into account support mechanisms from the Flemish government ("Residual heat investment support"). This is a variant of the map 'Promising areas for the construction of a heat network in which the residual heat is not obtained directly from the source, but via a neighboring cell, with a value for residual heat of 0 EUR/MWh.'. The analysis takes place at a resolution of 1200 x 1200 m and is based on the situation in 2012. Title (4) : With CHP as heat source, scenario low fuel prices. Map layer name (4): er_kb_net_wkk_min_bp_1200m Description (4): For each grid cell, a cost-benefit calculation is made for the installation of a new central CHP (gas turbine) that delivers its heat within the same grid cell using a heat network. The CHP certificates are taken into account in the calculations. In this scenario, fuel prices are reduced. The effect on benefits can be compared with the map 'With CHP as heat source'. The analysis takes place at a resolution of 1200 x 1200 m and is based on the situation in 2012.

The 'Warmtekaart Vlaanderen' was commissioned by the Flemish Energy Agency to implement EU Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency. The main products are maps with heat demand and heat supply for the current situation (2012) and a map with promising areas for heat recovery and heat networks in the future, both for the territory of Flanders. The study was carried out by VITO in collaboration with the distribution system operators Eandis and Infrax. You can consult the accompanying report here: www.energiesparen.be/ Warmtekaart . -- In the context of the Heat Map of Flanders, it was investigated for each grid cell of 1200 x 1200m in Flanders whether it is a promising (economically interesting or benefits greater than the costs) area for investment in a heat network based on residual heat or on the basis of heat from a new high-efficiency cogeneration plant. For more background information, please refer to the report. -- This section contains two map layers: Title (1): Where the residual heat is extracted via a neighboring cell, with a value for residual heat of 0 EUR/MWh. Map layer name (1): er_kb_net_comb_1200m Description (1): For each grid cell with a heat demand, a cost-benefit calculation is made based on available residual heat in neighboring grid cells, the so-called grid cell with a “heat source”. The transport of the residual heat to the grid cell under consideration entails additional costs. Possible economies of scale are taken into account if intermediate grid cells themselves proceed to construct a heat network. The calculations take into account support mechanisms from the Flemish government ("Residual heat investment support"). The analysis takes place at a resolution of 1200 x 1200 m and is based on the situation in 2012. This methodology best reflects reality. Title (2) : With CHP as heat source. Map layer name (2): er_kb_net_wkk_1200m Description (2): For each grid cell, a cost-benefit calculation is made for the installation of a new central CHP (gas turbine) that delivers its heat within the same grid cell using a heat network. The CHP certificates are taken into account in the calculations. The analysis takes place at a resolution of 1200 x 1200 m and is based on the situation in 2012.

The 'Heat Map Flanders' was commissioned by the Flemish Energy Agency to implement the EU Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency. The main products are maps with heat demand and heat supply for the current situation (2012) and a map with promising areas for heat recovery and heat networks in the future, both for the territory of Flanders. The study was carried out by VITO in collaboration with the distribution system operators Eandis and Infrax. You can consult the accompanying report here: www.energiesparen.be/heat map . -- In the context of the Heat Map Flanders, it was investigated for each grid cell of 1200 x 1200m in Flanders whether it is a promising (economically interesting or benefits greater than the costs) area for the investment in a heat network based on residual heat or on heat from a new high-efficiency cogeneration. For more background information, see the report. -- This section contains two map layers: Title (1): Where the residual heat is extracted via a neighbouring cell, with a value for residual heat of 0 EUR/MWh. Layer name (1):er_kb_net_comb_1200m Description (1): For each grid cell with a heat demand, a cost-benefit calculation is made based on available residual heat in neighbouring grid cells, the so-called ‘heat source’ grid cell. Taking into account the transport of the residual heat to the grid cell entails additional costs. Possible economies of scale will be taken into account if intermediate grid cells themselves proceed to the construction of a heat network. The calculations take into account support mechanisms from the Flemish government ("Investment aid for residual heat"). The analysis takes place at a resolution of 1200 x 1200 m and is based on the state in 2012. This methodology is best suited to reality. Title (2): With CHP as heat source. Layer name (2):er_kb_net_wkk_1200m Description (2): For each grid cell, a cost-benefit calculation is made for the installation of a new central CHP (gas turbine) that delivers its heat within the same grid cell using a heat network. The CHP certificates are taken into account in the calculations. The analysis takes place at a resolution of 1200 x 1200 m and is based on the state in 2012.

Author:Greater London AuthorityCreation date:April 2024Date of source data harvest:April 2024Temporal coverage of source data:2024Spatial Resolution:pan-LondonGeometry:LineSource data URL:London Heat Map and the London DatastoreData terms of use:Dataset can be shared openly for reuse for non-commercial purposes, with appropriate attribution.Data attribution:- London Heat Map, Greater London Authority, 2024.- © Crown copyright and database rights 2024 Ordnance Survey (100032216 GLA).Workflow diagrams:Not available.Comments:- The data and analysis developed for the sub-regional LAEP was undertaken using data available at the time and will need to be refined for a full Phase 2 LAEP. Please check here for more detailed background on the data.- Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the quality and accuracy of the data, the Greater London Authority is not responsible for any inaccuracies and/or mistakes in the information provided.

The principle of inventories is often static. The idea of this “dynamic” inventory is to identify heat networks that have the potential to distribute more renewable or recoverable energy than they do today. 220 heat networks are identified on the map of the Centre-Val de Loire region. In addition, by clicking on the icon of a heat network, you can access: As a first step to a data sheet with the list of its main characteristics By clicking a second time on the link at the top of the data sheet, a pdf file containing all the network data, as well as a visualisation of the heat network layout (if available) on a map background from the CEREMA national heat map. For further information and in addition to the data presented here, find on the website of the Centre-Val de Loire Regional Directorate of ADEME the results of this inventory carried out for ADEME by CEBI 45 and Biomasse Conseil: the map of the Centre-Val de Loire region with the 220 heat networks identified and their development potential; the directory of heat networks in the Centre-Val de Loire region; the description of the files;

Under the Energy Efficiency Directive and the Renewable Energy Directive, EU Member States were required to report national figures and plans on heat and cold by the end of June 2024. This is in line with the European Energy Union's strategy to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The main products are maps for the territory of Flanders with the heat demand at the level of the municipalities and the statistical sectors, maps of the existing and planned heat networks and finally also locations of potential heat supply points. The study was carried out by the Flemish Energy and Climate Agency. You can consult the accompanying report here: https://www.vlaanderen.be/building-living-and-energy/green-energy/heat map. For the update of the detailed heat demand within Flanders, the data of consumption year 2020 or 2021 are not representative, because of the corona crisis (lower mobility, lower industrial activity) and the energy crisis with a major impact on energy demand. Therefore, the global analysis was carried out again on the basis of the demand figures 2019 and the consumption data for 2022 were not retrieved from Fluvius.In order to give an indication of the evolution of the heat demand, it was chosen to calculate a ‘Flemish rescaling coefficient’. This coefficient compares the total useful heat in Flanders (which was previously described in Chapter 2) between the data years 2022 and 2019. The rescaling coefficient is 0.915. This data layer is the result of a rescaling of the heat demand density map at the level of the statistical sectors from 2019 with the said rescaling coefficient. The sectors where the geometry has undergone significant changes, which could have a strong impact on the result, have not been retained in the final data layer.

• Description: Heat network connected corporation homes 2015
• Purpose of registration: Analysis/Opinion Sustainable heat *Restrictions: This dataset is not suitable for legal or surveying purposes *Possibilities: This dataset is suitable for providing insight into the location on the map and spatial analyses.

• Coordinate system:RDnew Heat network connected corporation homes 2015 * Purpose of registration:Analysis/Opinion Sustainable heat *Restrictions: This dataset is not suitable for legal or surveying purposes *Possibilities:This dataset is suitable for providing insight into the location on the map and spatial analyses.

• Coordinate system: RDnew

Author:Greater London AuthorityCreation date:2012Date of source data harvest:2022/23Temporal coverage:up to 2012Spatial Resolution:Point locationGeometry:PointSource data URL:London Heat MapData terms of use:Open Government Licence v3 - Dataset can be shared openly for re-use for commercial and non-commercial purposes, with appropriate attribution.Data attribution:- Dataset processed by Arup as part of the West London sub-regional LAEP, 2023.- GLA London Heat Map, 2023.- Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.Workflow Diagram:Available: pngComments:The data and analysis developed for the sub-regional LAEP was undertaken using data available at the time and will need to be refined for a full Phase 2 LAEP.Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the quality and accuracy of the data, the Greater London Authority is not responsible for any inaccuracies and/or mistakes in the information provided.

The 'Heat Map Flanders 2019' was commissioned by the Flemish Energy and Climate Agency to implement the EU Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency and the Renewable Energy Directive (EU) 2018/2001. The main products are maps for 2019 for the territory of Flanders with the heat demand of the large and small consumers, results at the level of the municipalities and the statistical sectors, maps of the existing and planned heat networks and finally also locations of potential heat supply points. The study was carried out by VITO in collaboration with the distribution system operator Fluvius. You can consult the accompanying report here: https://www.energiesparen.be/heat map. The heat demand density per statistical sector expresses the total heat demand per sector in relation to the length of the paved roads as defined in the Road Connections map layer of the GRB. The heat demand per statistical sector was created by combining the exact heat demand of all small consumers with the exact heat demand of the large consumers connected to the Fluvius network. For the other large consumers, the heat demand was estimated on the basis of the known range. The heat demand was calculated on the basis of the gas and electricity consumption data from Fluvius, the gas consumptions in the IMJV reporting and additional estimates of the average biomass and fuel oil consumption from the Energy Balance. In addition, this map layer for consumers connected to the Fluvius network also contains figures on electricity consumption, gas consumption, the number of EANs for electricity and gas and, finally, an estimate of the share of households with a heating oil/biomass installation. For more background information, please refer to the Heat Map report.

The "Transmission Generation Heat Map" dataset provides an indication of the potential opportunities (or constraints) to connect to SPEN's transmission network by detailing all connected and contracted projects. This allows potential customers to have an interactive representation of the network and view the type of projects connected to specific substations within the SPEN Transmission area.DisclaimerWhilst all reasonable care has been taken in the preparation of this data, SP Energy Networks does not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of this data, and is not liable for any loss that may be attributed to the use of this data. For the avoidance of doubt, this data should not be used for safety critical purposes without the use of appropriate safety checks and services e.g. LineSearchBeforeUDig etc. This heatmap will be updated on a monthly basis using the published data from the ESO's TEC register, the latest SPEN ECR and the contrated demand data to ensure we have an accurate representation of projects the ESO has considered as connected and/or contracted. It is important to note, our refresh of this data won't always be aligned to the latest available version of the ESO TEC register. Therefore, there may be small discrepancies between the two datasets. For the most up-to-date version of this data, please visit the ESO TEC register. Data TriageAs part of our commitment to enhancing the transparency, and accessibility of the data we share, we publish the results of our Data Triage process.Our Data Triage documentation includes our Risk Assessments; detailing any controls we have implemented to prevent exposure of sensitive information. Click here to access the Data Triage documentation for the Transmission Generation Heat Map dataset. To access our full suite of Data Triage documentation, visit the SP Energy Networks Data & Information.Download dataset metadata (JSON)

La «Heat Map Flanders 2019» a été commandée par l'Agence flamande de l'énergie et du climat pour mettre en œuvre la directive 2012/27/UE relative à l'efficacité énergétique et la directive (UE) 2018/2001 sur les énergies renouvelables. Les principaux produits sont les cartes pour 2019 pour le territoire de la Flandre avec la demande de chaleur des grands et des petits consommateurs, les résultats au niveau des municipalités et des secteurs statistiques, les cartes des réseaux de chaleur existants et prévus et enfin les emplacements des points d'approvisionnement en chaleur potentiels. L'étude a été réalisée par VITO en collaboration avec le gestionnaire de réseau de distribution Fluvius. Vous pouvez consulter le rapport d’accompagnement à l’adresse suivante: https://www.energiesparen.be/carte thermique. La densité de la demande de chaleur par segment de substrat est affichée par coloration des segments routiers sur la carte et est affichée pour les consommateurs d’énergie dont la demande annuelle de chaleur est inférieure ou égale à 200 MWh. La demande exacte de chaleur pour ces consommateurs d'énergie est cartographiée et, pour des raisons de confidentialité, est agrégée au niveau d'au moins 5 adresses de consommation. La demande de chaleur a été calculée sur la base des données de consommation de gaz et d’électricité de Fluvius et d’estimations supplémentaires de la consommation moyenne de biomasse et de mazout provenant du bilan énergétique. La densité de la demande de chaleur exprime la demande totale de chaleur par segment de substrat par rapport à la longueur des routes pavées telle que définie dans la couche de la carte des connexions routières du GRB. La cartographie de la demande de chaleur se fait au niveau du tronçon routier adjacent. Les liaisons routières du GRB ont d'abord été divisées en segments de 10 m, puis combinées si nécessaire pour atteindre le minimum de 5 adresses de consommation. Les segments vides étaient également éligibles pour cela, mais une extension maximale de 200 m a été fournie ici. Lorsqu'il n'a pas été possible d'atteindre un groupe d'au moins 5 consommateurs de cette manière, les adresses de consommation sont attribuées à un segment routier confidentiel. Ces segments pouvant faire l'objet d'un traitement confidentiel ne représentent que 1,8 % du nombre total de petits consommateurs et 3,2 % de la demande de chaleur des petits consommateurs. En plus de la demande totale de chaleur par segment et de la densité de la demande de chaleur, exprimée par longueur du segment routier, cette couche cartographique contient également les informations suivantes: la consommation d’électricité, la consommation de gaz, le nombre d’adresses de consommation, le nombre d’électricité EAN et de gaz EAN et le nombre d’adresses de consommation avec une installation photovoltaïque. Il convient de noter qu'une adresse de consommation fait référence à un point de connexion dans le réseau Fluvius et peut donc, dans certains cas, inclure plusieurs unités résidentielles. Pour plus d'informations générales, veuillez vous référer au rapport Heat Map.

Die "Heat Map Flanders 2019" wurde von der Flämischen Energie- und Klimaagentur mit der Umsetzung der EU-Richtlinie 2012/27/EU zur Energieeffizienz und der Erneuerbare-Energien-Richtlinie (EU) 2018/2001 beauftragt. Die Hauptprodukte sind Karten für 2019 für das Gebiet von Flandern mit dem Wärmebedarf der großen und kleinen Verbraucher, Ergebnisse auf der Ebene der Gemeinden und der statistischen Sektoren, Karten der bestehenden und geplanten Wärmenetze und schließlich auch Standorte potenzieller Wärmeversorgungspunkte. Die Studie wurde von VITO in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Verteilnetzbetreiber Fluvius durchgeführt. Den begleitenden Bericht können Sie hier einsehen: https://www.energiesparen.be/heat map. Für das Jahr 2019 konnten 58 bestehende Wärmenetze in Flandern identifiziert werden, insgesamt 92 km (Nutenlänge). 52 von ihnen konnten mit ihrer Flugbahn abgebildet werden (siehe Kartenebene "Vorhandene Wärmenetze 2019 (Linien)"). Diese Kartenschicht zeigt die Lage der restlichen 6 Wärmenetze mittels eines Punktes. Die Kartenschicht muss für jedes Wärmenetz folgende Informationen enthalten: Name des Vorhabens, Art des Netzes, Gemeinde, Wärmenetzbetreiber, Wärmenetzversorger, Versorgung von Wohngebäuden/Industrie/Tertiär, Temperaturniveau, Slot-Länge, Generatoren, an das Wärmenetz gelieferte Energiemenge, Anteil an (nicht)erneuerbarer (nicht)erneuerbarer Wärme, erhaltene Finanzierung, Finanzierung aus welchen Ressourcen und schließlich, ob ein Ausbau des Netzes geplant ist. „Wärmenetz“ bezeichnet die Systeme, die unter die Definition des Begriffs „Wärme- oder Kältenetz“ im Energiedekret, Artikel 1.1.3., 133/2°, fallen. Weitere Hintergrundinformationen finden Sie im Heat Map-Bericht.

The "Transmission Generation Heat Map" dataset provides an indication of the potential opportunities (or constraints) to connect to SPEN's transmission network by detailing all connected and contracted projects. This allows potential customers to have an interactive representation of the network and view the type of projects connected to specific substations within the SPEN Transmission area.For additional information on column definitions, please click on the Dataset schema link below. Disclaimer: This heat map will be updated on a monthly basis using the published data from the ESO's TEC register to ensure we have an accurate representation of projects the ESO has considered as connected and/or contracted. It is important to note, our refresh of this data won't always be aligned to the latest available version of the ESO TEC register. Therefore, there may be small discrepancies between the two datasets. For the most up-to-date version of this data, please visit https://data.nationalgrideso.com/connection-registers/transmission-entry-capacity-tec-registerNote: A formatted copy of this dataset can be downloaded from the Export tab under Alternative exports.If you wish to provide feedback at a dataset or row level, please click on the “Feedback” tab aboveData TriageAs part of our commitment to enhancing the transparency, and accessibility of the data we share, we publish the results of our Data Triage process.Our Data Triage documentation includes our Risk Assessments; detailing any controls we have implemented to prevent exposure of sensitive information. Click here to access the Data Triage documentation for the Transmission Generation Heat Map dataset. To access our full suite of Data Triage documentation, visit the SP Energy Networks Data & Information.Download dataset metadata (JSON)

The 'Heat Map Flanders 2019' was commissioned by the Flemish Energy and Climate Agency to implement the EU Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency and the Renewable Energy Directive (EU) 2018/2001. The main products are maps for 2019 for the territory of Flanders with the heat demand of the large and small consumers, results at the level of the municipalities and the statistical sectors, maps of the existing and planned heat networks and finally also locations of potential heat supply points. The study was carried out by VITO in collaboration with the distribution system operator Fluvius. You can consult the accompanying report here: https://www.energiesparen.be/heat map. The heat demand density per municipality expresses the total heat demand per municipality in relation to the length of the paved roads as defined in the Road Connections map layer of the GRB. The heat demand per municipality was achieved by combining the exact heat demand of all small consumers with the exact heat demand of the large consumers connected to the Fluvius network. For the other large consumers (from the IMJV report), the heat demand was estimated on the basis of the known range. The heat demand was calculated on the basis of the gas and electricity consumption data from Fluvius, the gas consumptions in the IMJV reporting and additional estimates of the average biomass and fuel oil consumption from the Energy Balance. In addition, this map layer for consumers connected to the Fluvius network also contains municipal figures on electricity consumption, gas consumption, the number of EANs for electricity and gas and, finally, an estimate of the share of households with a heating oil/biomass installation. For more background information, please refer to the Heat Map report.

Plots (linear) of the heat networks of Île-de-France. This table makes it possible to obtain the location of the heat networks in Ile-de-France, represented by their layouts. Some networks are not vectorised. Each plot present in this table is associated with a set of technical and economic data relating to the network.