The amount of heat pumps in operation in the European Union (EU) has continuously increased over the years, both aerothermal and ground source heat pumps. The number of operating heat pumps in the EU has increased from ********** in 2013 to ************ in 2020. Throughout the whole timeline, aerothermal heat pumps were by far the most common than ground source heat pumps.

The heat pump market in the EU The volume of heat pump sales in Europe has been steadily rising over the last years, growing from *********** units sold in 2016 to ************ in 2020. The number of operational heat pumps in Italy reached approximately ********** units in 2020. In contrast, in Hungary there were only ****** units heat pumps in operation.

The environmental impact of heat pumps A big share of households in major European countries depend on fossil fuel sources for their heating systems. For instance, natural gas and heating oil accounted for about ** percent of household heating sources in Germany in 2020. Because of this, heating is the biggest contributor to residential CO2 emissions in some of those countries. In fact, around ** percent of the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 came from the residential sector. Transitioning to energy-efficient electric heat pumps has a lot of potential for the reduction of the environmental impact of European buildings.

Data set and documentation below is from the Scientific Data Paper Time series of heat demand and heat pump efficiency for energy system modeling by Oliver Ruhnau, Lion Hirth & Aaron Praktiknjo

Abstract

With electric heat pumps substituting for fossil-fueled alternatives, the temporal variability of their power consumption becomes increasingly important to the electricity system. To easily include this variability in energy system analyses, this paper introduces the “When2Heat” dataset comprising synthetic national time series of both the heat demand and the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pumps. It covers 16 European countries, includes the years 2008 to 2018, and features an hourly resolution. Demand profiles for space and water heating are computed by combining gas standard load profiles with spatial temperature and wind speed reanalysis data as well as population geodata. COP time series for different heat sources – air, ground, and groundwater – and different heat sinks – floor heating, radiators, and water heating – are calculated based on COP and heating curves using reanalysis temperature data. The dataset, as well as the scripts and input parameters, are publicly available under an open source license on the Open Power System Data platform.

Content

The When2Heat dataset is a contribution to the Open Power System Data project and follows the frictionless data principles6. Focusing on the representation of heat pumps, the aim is to improve efficiency, transparency, and reproducibility of electricity market models, which might be part of more general integrated energy system analyses. Furthermore, it may serve as a valuable benchmark for alternative heat demand and heat pump modelling approaches on the national level. Existing limitations of the dataset are critically discussed in the Usage Notes section.

The heat demand time series are based on the German gas standard load profile approach defined by BGW7 and BDEW8. The methodology is combined with three super-national datasets to estimate national time series for 16 European countries. First, temperature and wind speed data from the global ERA-Interim reanalysis serve to generate separate demand time series for space and water heating at all available locations within each country. Next, assuming the heat demand at different locations to be proportional to the population, the spatial time series are weighted with population geodata from Eurostat, aggregated to national time series, and normalized to one TWh average yearly demand. Finally, for the years 2008 to 2013, these are scaled with data on the annual final energy consumption for space and water heating from the EU Building Database and corrected for final-energy-to-heat conversion losses. Figure 2 provides an overview of the methodology applied.

Code

All code is implemented in Python and published at https://github.com/oruhnau/when2heat under the open MIT license. The entire processing workflow is documented in a single Jupyter Notebook (processing.ipynb), which draws on custom functions that are structured in different Python scripts (download.py, read.py, preprocess.py, demand.py, cop.py, write.py, metadata.py, misc.py).

While the download of weather and population data is automated, the input data from the EU Building Database, BGW7, and BDEW8, as well as the COP curve parameters are included in the code repository.

Heat pump sales in Europe fell to **** million units in 2024. That came after heat pump sales soared between 2017 and 2023, from **** million units to **** million units during that period. The market size of the HVAC and fire protection insulation market in Europe is expected to grow in the coming years.

The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) sought to accelerate the adoption of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems from 2017 through 2019 because thermal energy used in the residential and commercial sectors for space heating and cooling and hot water accounts for 37% of net energy consumption and 32% of all combustion-based greenhouse gas emissions in New York State. In 2017, clean heating and cooling (CH&C) technologies, in general, and GSHP systems in particular, occupy a niche position in New York State, penetrating less than 1% of the heating and cooling market. The now closed GSHP Rebate Program (the “Program”), that provided incentives for the installation of GSHP systems, was allocated this funding by the New York Public Service Commission through the Clean Energy Fund. Projects comprising small-scale GSHP systems (≤ 10 AHRI rated cooling tons) were eligible for a Rebate of $1,500 per cooling ton; and Projects comprising large-scale GSHP systems (> 10 AHRI rated cooling tons) were eligible for a Rebate of $1,200 per cooling ton, subject to certain incentive caps. The NYSERDA-supported Ground Source Heat Pump Projects: 2017-2019 dataset contains characteristics about each GSHP project that participated in the NYSERDA GSHP Rebate Program. All GSHP projects must have an Application Submitted Date prior to 1/1/2020 to be considered NYSERDA-supported. Information about the NYS Clean Heat Program can be found at https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/All-Programs/Programs/NYS-Clean-Heat. The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) offers objective information and analysis, innovative programs, technical expertise, and support to help New Yorkers increase energy efficiency, save money, use renewable energy, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. To learn more about NYSERDA’s programs, visit https://nyserda.ny.gov or follow us on X, Facebook, YouTube, or Instagram.

The number of heat pumps sold in the United Kingdom was estimated at ****** in 2022. Although sales have more than doubled since 2018, the uptake of heat pumps in the UK trails behind other European countries. For example, there were more than ******* heat pumps sold in France in 2022. The UK government has set the target of ******* heat pump installations annually by 2028, with installations split across new-build homes and retrofitting existing housing stocks.

The Electrification of Heat (EoH) demonstration project is funded by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS)* and seeks to better understand the feasibility of a large-scale roll-out of heat pumps in homes across the UK. It aims to demonstrate that heat pumps can be installed in a wide variety of homes and deliver high customer satisfaction across a range of customer groups. This dataset provides summary data that defines the number of heat pump installations completed by the project, with associated information about the type and age of property into which the installs were made. All users are directed to the report 'Heat Pump Installation Statistics' which has been published to document the data release and provide important context for the data and project. A copy of the report is included within the 'Additional Documentation' section of this dataset and may also be obtained from the Energy Systems Catapult website. *as of February 2023 Department for Energy Security and Net-Zero (DESNZ)

The amount of heat pumps in operation in the United Kingdom has continuously increased over the years, both aerothermal and ground source heat pumps. Between 2013 and 2019, figures increased by roughly *** thousand heat pumps. In all years, aerothermal heat pumps were by far more common than ground source heat pumps. In 2019, the UK had approximately *** thousand heat pumps in operation, of which, roughly *** thousand were aerothermal heat pumps. In the same year, the European Union members had around ** million heat pumps in operation.

Statistics illustrates consumption, production, prices, and trade of Heat Pumps other than Air Conditioning Machines in El Salvador from 2007 to 2024.

The heat pump monitoring datasets are a key output of the Electrification of Heat Demonstration (EoH) project, a government-funded heat pump trial assessing the feasibility of heat pumps across the UK’s diverse housing stock. These datasets are provided in both cleansed and raw form and allow analysis of the initial performance of the heat pumps installed in the trial. From the datasets, insights such as heat pump seasonal performance factor (a measure of the heat pump's efficiency), heat pump performance during the coldest day of the year, and half-hourly performance to inform peak demand can be gleaned.

For the second edition (December 2024), the data were updated to include cleaned performance data collected between November 2020 and September 2023. The only documentation currently available with the study is the Excel data dictionary. Reports and other contextual information can be found on the Energy Systems Catapult website.

The EoH project was funded by the Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. From 2023, it is covered by the new Department for Energy Security and Net Zero.

Data availability

This study comprises the open-access cleansed data from the EoH project and a summary dataset, available in four zipped files (see the 'Access Data' tab). Users must download all four zip files to obtain the full set of cleansed data and accompanying documentation.

When unzipped, the full cleansed data comprises 742 CSV files. Most of the individual CSV files are too large to open in Excel. Users should ensure they have sufficient computing facilities to analyse the data.

The UKDS also holds an accompanying study, SN 9049 Electrification of Heat Demonstration Project: Heat Pump Performance Raw Data, 2020-2023, which is available only to registered UKDS users. This contains the raw data from the EoH project. Since the data are very large, only the summary dataset is available to download; an order must be placed for FTP delivery of the remaining raw data. Other studies in the set include SN 9209, which comprises 30-minute interval heat pump performance data, and SN 9210, which includes daily heat pump performance data.

The Python code used to cleanse the raw data and then perform the analysis is accessible via the "https://github.com/ES-Catapult/electrification_of_heat" target="_blank"> Energy Systems Catapult Github

Statistics illustrates consumption, production, prices, and trade of Heat Pumps other than Air Conditioning Machines in Free Zones from 2007 to 2024.

The Oregon Department of Energy’s (ODOE) Community Heat Pump Deployment Program (CHPDP) provides financial assistance to homeowners towards the purchase and installation of heat pumps in owner-occupied residences. Through two rounds of opportunity announcements, ODOE has selected eligible entities to serve as regional administrators in the 11 regions throughout the state. Administrators for six of the regions were identified and awarded in mid-2023. Administrators for the five remaining regions were identified and awarded in 2024 Regional administrators distribute incentives to applicants in their region. Two of the nine federally recognized Indian tribes in Oregon have elected to pursue funding through CHPDP. Funded by the State General Fund, the rebate amounts available are up to $5,000 towards the purchase and installation of a heat pump that meets ODOE minimum efficiency requirements and up to $7,000 towards the purchase and installation of a heat pump that meets ODOE higher efficiency requirements. A grant of up to $4,000 may also be available for eligible upgrades such as a new electrical panel or weatherization or structural repairs to the home that reduce heat and cooling loss. The incentive and grant amounts may not exceed 100% of the cost of purchase and installation of a heat pump or eligible upgrades. This report includes data from July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025-the previous fiscal year. As of June 30, 2025, one tribe and all 11 regions have utilized funds to install heat pumps and/or purchase eligible upgrades. For more information, email AskEnergy@oregon.gov.

This data submission includes simulation results for ground loop heat pump systems located in 6 different cities across the United States. The cities are Boston, MA, Dayton, OH, Omaha, NE, Orlando, FL, Sacramento, CA, and St. Paul, MN. These results were obtained from the two-dimensional geothermal computer code called GEO2D. GEO2D was written as part of this DOE funded grant. The results included in this submission for each of the 6 cities listed above are: 1) specific information on the building being heated or cooled by the ground loop geothermal system, 2) some extreme values for the building heating and cooling loads during the year, 3) the inputs required to carry out the simulation, 4) a plot of the hourly building heating and cooling loads throughout the year, 5) a plot of the fluid temperature exiting the ground loop for a 20 year period, 6) a plot of the heat exchange between the ground loop and the ground for a 20 year period, and 7) ground and ground loop temperature contour plots at different times of the year for the 20 year period.

Data Center Heat Pump Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global data center heat pump market size in 2024 is valued at USD 2.1 billion, with a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.8% projected from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the market is expected to reach approximately USD 6.4 billion. This significant expansion is driven by the escalating demand for energy-efficient cooling and heating solutions in data centers, as organizations worldwide strive to optimize operational costs and meet stringent sustainability goals.

A primary growth factor for the data center heat pump market is the exponential increase in global data traffic, which necessitates the rapid expansion and upgrading of data center infrastructure. As digital transformation accelerates across industries, the volume of data generated, processed, and stored is rising sharply, leading to higher energy consumption and greater heat generation within data centers. Traditional cooling systems are becoming less viable due to their high energy requirements and environmental impact. Heat pumps, with their ability to provide efficient heating and cooling by transferring thermal energy, are emerging as a sustainable alternative. This shift is further incentivized by rising energy costs and the growing emphasis on reducing carbon footprints, making heat pumps an attractive investment for data center operators.

Another significant driver is the growing adoption of waste heat recovery technologies in data centers. Heat pumps play a crucial role in capturing and repurposing waste heat generated by servers and other equipment, transforming it into usable energy for space heating or other applications. This not only enhances the overall energy efficiency of data centers but also supports compliance with evolving environmental regulations and sustainability standards. The integration of advanced heat pump solutions enables data centers to achieve higher power usage effectiveness (PUE) ratios, a key metric for operational efficiency, while also contributing to corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and green building certifications.

Technological advancements in heat pump design and the increasing availability of hybrid and modular systems are further propelling market growth. Modern heat pumps offer enhanced reliability, scalability, and flexibility, catering to the diverse needs of different data center types, from hyperscale to edge facilities. Innovations such as variable-speed compressors, smart controls, and advanced refrigerants are improving system performance and reducing maintenance requirements. These developments are encouraging broader adoption across both new and retrofitted data centers, supporting the marketÂ’s sustained expansion.

The introduction of Heat Pump Carbon Credit initiatives is further bolstering the market's growth. These credits provide financial incentives for data centers to adopt heat pump technologies, as they contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By utilizing heat pumps, data centers can earn carbon credits, which can be traded or sold, thereby offsetting some of the costs associated with implementing these systems. This not only makes heat pumps a more attractive investment but also aligns with global efforts to combat climate change by promoting the use of energy-efficient technologies. As more countries adopt carbon credit schemes, the demand for heat pumps in data centers is expected to increase, supporting the industry's long-term sustainability goals.

Regionally, Europe is leading the adoption of data center heat pump solutions, driven by stringent energy efficiency regulations and ambitious climate targets set by the European Union. North America follows closely, with significant investments in hyperscale and colocation data centers, particularly in the United States and Canada. The Asia Pacific region is witnessing the fastest growth, fueled by rapid digitalization, expanding cloud infrastructure, and government initiatives promoting green technologies. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also emerging as promising markets, supported by increasing data center investments and rising awareness of sustainable cooling and heating solutions.

Statistics illustrates consumption, production, prices, and trade of Heat Pumps other than Air Conditioning Machines in the European Union from 2007 to 2024.

In 2023, Heat Pump Market reached a value of USD 68.01 billion, and it is projected to surge to USD 132.55 billion by 2030

Statistics illustrates consumption, production, prices, and trade of Heat Pumps other than Air Conditioning Machines in Azerbaijan from 2007 to 2024.

Statistics illustrates consumption, production, prices, and trade of Heat Pumps other than Air Conditioning Machines in Comoros from Jan 2019 to Sep 2025.

This archive contains both a link to Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) Screening Tool and related resources documenting its development, technical features, and applications. The web-based screening tool is a techno-economic analysis resource designed to evaluate the feasibility, costs, and benefits of implementing GSHP systems in buildings across various U.S. climate zones. It is intended for use by building owners, HVAC system designers, and installers to support decision-making in residential and commercial applications, incorporating advanced modeling capabilities such as ground heat exchanger design. The included resources detail the tool's creation and use, covering topics such as innovative ground heat exchanger design methodologies, the development of an open library of g-functions for borehole configurations, and studies on GSHP performance and economic viability in retrofitting single-family homes.

ANNUAL

Annual data on quantities for crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas and manufactures gases, electricity and derived heat, solid fossil fuels, renewables and wastes covering the full spectrum of the energy sector from supply through transformation to final consumption by sector and fuel type.

Also, annual imports and exports data of various energy carriers by country of origin and destination, as well as infrastructure information.

Data on annual statistics are collected via standard questionnaires according to Annex B of the Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on energy statistics

MONTHLY

The monthly energy data collections cover the most important energy commodities:

• Crude oil & Petroleum products
• Natural gas
• Solid fuels
• Electricity

For each of the above mentioned commodities the inflowing data are delivered by the reporting countries to Eurostat via separate dedicated questionnaires.

Data on monthly statistics are collected via standard questionnaires according to Annex C of the Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on energy statistics

SHORT-TERM MONTHLY

The short-term monthly energy data collection covers the imports and supply of crude oil.

Data on monthly short term statistics are collected via standard questionnaires according to Annex D of the Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on energy statistics.

In the past, short term monthly statistics also covered the main flows (quantities) on the supply side for

• Oil & petroleum products
• Natural gas
• Electricity

The short-term monthly data collection for electricity was stopped in 2019, whereas short-term monthly data for oil and petroleum products and natural gas are not collected as of 2021.