As of June 17, 2024, the most shorted stock was for, the American holographic technology services provider, MicroCloud Hologram Inc., with 66.64 percent of their total float having been shorted. This is a change from mid-January 2021, when video game retailed GameStop had an incredible 121.07 percent of their available shares in a short position. In effect this means that investors had 'borrowed' more shares (with a future promise to return them) than the total number of shares available for public trading. Owing to this behavior of professional investors, retail investors enacted a campaign to drive up the stock price of Gamestop, leading to losses of billions when investors had to repurchase the stock they had borrowed. At this time, a similar – but less effective – social media campaign was also carried out for the stock price of cinema operator AMC, and the price of silver. What is short selling? Short selling is essentially where an investor bets on a share price falling by: borrowing a number of shares selling these shares while the price is still high; purchasing the same number again once the price falls; then returning the borrowed shares at a profit. Of course, a profit will only be made if the share price does fall; should the share price rise the investor will then need to purchase the shares back at a higher price, and thus incur a loss. Short selling can lead to some very large profits in a short amount of time, with Tesla stock generating over one billion dollars in short sell profits during the first week of March 2020 alone, owing to the financial crash caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. However, owing to the short-term, opportunistic nature of short selling, these returns look less impressive when considered as net profits from short sell positions over the full year. The risks of short selling Short selling carries greater risks than traditional investments, and for this reason financial advisors often recommend against this strategy for ‘retail’ (i.e. non-professional) investors. The reason for this is that losses from short selling are potentially uncapped, whereas losses from traditional investments are limited to the initial cost. For example, if someone purchases 100 dollars of shares, the maximum they can lose is the 100 dollars the spent on those shares. However, say someone borrows 100 dollars of shares instead, betting on the price falling. If these shares are then sold for 100 dollars but the price subsequently rises, the losses could greatly exceed the initial investment should the price rise to, say, 500 dollars. The risks of short selling can be seen by looking again at Tesla, with the company causing the greatest losses over 2020 from short selling at over 40 billion U.S. dollars.

Are hedge funds worth your money?

Hedge funds have developed from investment funds that were designed to lower the risk of your portfolio to a multitude of different investment styles with different goals. Their heyday was probably during the 90s and early 2000s when several star hedge fund managers rose to prominence and their assets under management grew significantly. However, since then hedge funds have been under scrutiny as their investment returns have been lacking and their ability to function as a diversification to a traditional stock and bond portfolio was put into question. As hedge funds have their own set of leverage and investment rules it is no wonder they have been accused of being greedy, unsuccessful and secretive. However, with this dataset you can make your own analysis.

Content

This dataset covers monthly hedge fund returns starting from 1997. The date column refers to the last day of the month - the end date of the return period, if I understand correctly. There are 12 different hedge fund strategies covered and the return index series are formed as an aggregate of other hedge fund index providers.

The strategy explanations are in EDHEC website:

• Convertible Arbitrage - https://risk.edhec.edu/conv-arb/
• CTA Global - https://risk.edhec.edu/cta-global/
• Distressed Securities - https://risk.edhec.edu/dist-sec/
• Emerging Markets - https://risk.edhec.edu/emg-mkts/
• Equity Market Neutral - https://risk.edhec.edu/equity-market-neutral/
• Event Driven - https://risk.edhec.edu/event-driven/
• Fixed Income Arbitrage - https://risk.edhec.edu/fix-inc-arb/
• Global Macro - https://risk.edhec.edu/global-macro/
• Long/Short Equity - https://risk.edhec.edu/ls-equity/
• Merger Arbitrage - https://risk.edhec.edu/merger-arb/
• Relative Value - https://risk.edhec.edu/relative-value/
• Short Selling - https://risk.edhec.edu/short-selling/
• Funds of Funds - https://risk.edhec.edu/fof/

Acknowledgements

All credit for the maintenance and upload of the data goes to EDHEC. You should check their website for additional resources:

https://risk.edhec.edu/all-downloads-hedge-funds-indices

Inspiration

The EDHEC hedge fund data is the data used in examples/vignettes of PortfolioAnalytics - a package for optimizing, testing and analyzing portfolio returns. You should be easily able to expand the analysis from the vignettes just by using the larger dataset available here:

https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PortfolioAnalytics/index.html

DAVP covers more than 2 million virtual portfolios created by 1.6 million users since 2013 and covers over 100 million rebalancing actions across all A-share stocks.

DAVP provides granular, record-level details for each rebalancing transaction, including the transition amount, price, and weight. Since 2022, it has also captured point-in-time (PIT) metadata on individual virtual portfolios, such as portfolio returns and popularity trends. This rich and structured dataset empowers clients to customize indicators based on their unique investment perspectives with ease.

In addition, by dividing the rebalancing records into different groups based on users’ experience, activity level, and portfolio diversity, DAVP provides easy-to-use derived insights into the investment strategy and behaviors of different groups of investors as below.

1)Popularity indicators. (e.g., number of rebalancing users/portfolios, number of rebalance, total rebalance weight/shares)

2)Sentiment indicators. (e.g., number of buy/sell users/portfolios, number of buy/sell weight/ shares, number of first buy users)

3)Market price indicators (e.g., buy/sell average/median price)

• Coverage: 5000+ A-share stocks
• History: From 2013-01-01
• Update Frequency: Daily

Are hedge funds worth your money? Hedge funds have developed from investment funds that were designed to lower the risk of your portfolio to a multitude of different investment styles with different goals. Their heyday was probably during the 90s and early 2000s when several star hedge fund managers rose to prominence and their assets under management grew significantly. However, since then hedge funds have been under scrutiny as their investment returns have been lacking and their ability to function as a diversification to a traditional stock and bond portfolio was put into question. As hedge funds have their own set of leverage and investment rules it is no wonder they have been accused of being greedy, unsuccessful and secretive. However, with this dataset you can make your own analysis.

Content This dataset covers monthly hedge fund returns starting from 1997. The date column refers to the last day of the month - the end date of the return period, if I understand correctly. There are 12 different hedge fund strategies covered and the return index series are formed as an aggregate of other hedge fund index providers.

The strategy explanations are in EDHEC website:

Convertible Arbitrage - https://risk.edhec.edu/conv-arb/ CTA Global - https://risk.edhec.edu/cta-global/ Distressed Securities - https://risk.edhec.edu/dist-sec/ Emerging Markets - https://risk.edhec.edu/emg-mkts/ Equity Market Neutral - https://risk.edhec.edu/equity-market-neutral/ Event Driven - https://risk.edhec.edu/event-driven/ Fixed Income Arbitrage - https://risk.edhec.edu/fix-inc-arb/ Global Macro - https://risk.edhec.edu/global-macro/ Long/Short Equity - https://risk.edhec.edu/ls-equity/ Merger Arbitrage - https://risk.edhec.edu/merger-arb/ Relative Value - https://risk.edhec.edu/relative-value/ Short Selling - https://risk.edhec.edu/short-selling/ Funds of Funds - https://risk.edhec.edu/fof/ Acknowledgements All credit for the maintenance and upload of the data goes to EDHEC. You should check their website for additional resources:

https://risk.edhec.edu/all-downloads-hedge-funds-indices

Inspiration The EDHEC hedge fund data is the data used in examples/vignettes of PortfolioAnalytics - a package for optimizing, testing and analyzing portfolio returns. You should be easily able to expand the analysis from the vignettes just by using the larger dataset available here:

https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PortfolioAnalytics/index.html

In 2025, stock markets in the United States accounted for roughly ** percent of world stocks. The next largest country by stock market share was China, followed by the European Union as a whole. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the NASDAQ are the largest stock exchange operators worldwide. What is a stock exchange? The first modern publicly traded company was the Dutch East Industry Company, which sold shares to the general public to fund expeditions to Asia. Since then, groups of companies have formed exchanges in which brokers and dealers can come together and make transactions in one space. Stock market indices group companies trading on a given exchange, giving an idea of how they evolve in real time. Appeal of stock ownership Over half of adults in the United States are investing money in the stock market. Stocks are an attractive investment because the possible return is higher than offered by other financial instruments.

A list of the top 50 Berkshire Hathaway holdings showing which stocks are owned by Warren Buffett's hedge fund.

In 2024, 54 percent of the households in the United States owned shares in a mutual fund. This is a significant increase on the 5.7 percent recorded in 1980, but close to 52 percent found in 2022.Mutual fundsA mutual fund is a variety of collective investment vehicle managed professionally that pools money from many investors to purchase securities. They play an important role in household finances in the United States of today, most notably in retirement planning. It is commonly applied only to the forms of collective investment that are regulated and are sold to the public at large. The majority of mutual funds are what is known as ‘open-ended’, meaning that shares can be bought or sold at anytime. There are a number of advantages associated with mutual funds as opposed to direct investment in individual securities. The nature of the fund as a collective investment vehicle provides increased diversification and ease of comparison to investors. The fact that they are managed professionally, and that the investment is pooled, enables participation in investments that would normally only be available to larger investors. Mutual funds are also stable in price as daily liquidity ensures minimum loss of value. Despite several advantages, as with every aspect of investment, some disadvantages are to be considered. Fees are an inevitable part of a professionally managed fund, as is the inability to customize the investment. A common complaint is also that the investor has less control over the timing of the recognition of their gains.

Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Non Residents: Investment Fund Units data was reported at 107,300.000 RUB in Jan 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,802,953.200 RUB for Dec 2018. Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Non Residents: Investment Fund Units data is updated monthly, averaging 107,356,291.250 RUB from Aug 2015 (Median) to Jan 2019, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,137,080,477.500 RUB in Jan 2017 and a record low of 107,300.000 RUB in Jan 2019. Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Non Residents: Investment Fund Units data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Moscow Exchange. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table RU.ZB006: MICEX Stock Exchange: Turnover: Buy and Sell: Deals for Non Residents.

A list of the top 50 BlackRock holdings showing which stocks are owned by BlackRock Inc's hedge fund.

Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Residents: Legal Entities: Investment Fund Units data was reported at 217,150,838.940 RUB in Jan 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 760,795,267.190 RUB for Dec 2018. Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Residents: Legal Entities: Investment Fund Units data is updated monthly, averaging 672,815,533.500 RUB from Aug 2015 (Median) to Jan 2019, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10,931,631,805.000 RUB in Dec 2015 and a record low of 19,320,506.800 RUB in Sep 2018. Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Residents: Legal Entities: Investment Fund Units data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Moscow Exchange. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table RU.ZB005: MICEX Stock Exchange: Turnover: Buy and Sell: Deals for Residents.

As of August 15, 2025, the largest mutual fund in the world was the Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund, listed under the ticker VTSAX, which had an astonishing **** trillion U.S. dollars of net assets under management (AUM). However, it should be noted that this investment fund has been divided into multiple distinct products, not all of which are sold as mutual funds. Some shares in the fund are sold as an exchange traded, meaning it could be argued that, strictly speaking, the Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund in its totality cannot be classed as a mutual fund. A similar situation holds for several other investment funds included in this statistic. An ETF is a basket of shares (or other financial assets) which generally tracks an underlying index. They are similar to mutual funds, with the fundamental difference that ETFs are listed on stock exchanges, with ETF shares being traded just like regular stock.

As of August 2025, Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF was the highest valued exchange-traded fund globally, with a market capitalization of about ******illion U.S. dollars. Market capitalization of an ETF is calculated by multiplying the number of shares issued in the fund by the share price. At over ****trillion U.S. dollars, the Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund is overall the largest investment fund by AUM. The Vanguard fund is different because shares in the fund are sold as a variety of different products, some of which are structured as ETFs (like the third-largest fund listed in this statistic), while others are structured as traditional mutual funds. What are ETFs? ETFs are similar to mutual funds, in that they consist of a pool of investors’ funds which are managed by an independent third party for the purpose of a common financial investment. However, ETFs differ through how shares in the fund are bought and sold through a stock exchange, rather than directly from the fund manager. This provides the advantages of generally lower prices (as the transaction costs are paid by the exchange operator rather than the fund manager), and the possibility of intraday trading (as shares in a traditional mutual fund can only be bought and sold after the close of daily trading. The total assets managed by ETFs globally is almost *** times lower than that of mutual funds, although the gap in AUM between ETFs and mutual funds in the United States is much lower, at just over ***** times less. Who are the largest ETF providers? The largest provider of ETFs globally is Blackrock, the world’s largest asset management company. As of August 2025, the company had more than *** trillion U.S. dollars of assets under management in exchange traded funds in the U.S. alone, while Blackrock’s total assets under management across all products reached over *****trillion U.S. dollars. Rounding out the top three providers of ETFs are fellow U.S asset managers Vanguard and State Street.

Selling-General-and-Administrative Time Series for Aditya Birla Sun Life AMC Limited. Aditya Birla Sun Life AMC Limited is privately owned investment manager. The firm provides its services to individuals including high net worth individuals and institutional clients. It manages separate equity and fixed income portfolios. The firm also manages launches and manages equity and fixed income mutual funds, manages balanced mutual funds, and hedge funds for its clients. It invests in the public equity and fixed income markets across the globe. The firm employs a fundamental analysis to make its investments. It also make real estate investments. It was founded in 1994 and is based in Mumbai, India with an additional office in Ahmedabad, India. The firm was formerly known as Birla Sun Life Asset Management Company Limited.

Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Investment Fund Units data was reported at 526,349,740.000 RUB in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 754,382,467.000 RUB for May 2018. Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Investment Fund Units data is updated monthly, averaging 1,485,039,093.400 RUB from Aug 2015 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,810,448,189.000 RUB in Sep 2016 and a record low of 308,569,987.000 RUB in Mar 2017. Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Investment Fund Units data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Moscow Exchange. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table RU.ZB004: MICEX Stock Exchange: Turnover: Buy and Sell.

As of August 6, 2025, Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF was the highest valued exchange-traded fund (ETF) globally, with a market capitalization of over *** trillion U.S. dollars. The market capitalization of an ETF is calculated by multiplying the number of shares issued in the fund by the share price. This ETF is also the ******-largest ETF by assets under management. However, the Vanguard fund is different because shares in the fund are sold as various different products, some of which are structured as ETFs, while others are structured as traditional mutual funds. What are ETFs? ETFs are similar to mutual funds, in that they consist of a pool of investors’ funds which are managed by an independent third party for the purpose of a common financial investment. However, ETFs differ through how shares in the fund are bought and sold through a stock exchange, rather than directly from the fund manager. This provides the advantages of generally lower prices (as the transaction costs are paid by the exchange operator rather than the fund manager), and the possibility of intraday trading (as shares in a traditional mutual fund can only be bought and sold after the close of daily trading). The total assets managed by ETFs globally is almost six times lower than that of mutual funds, although the gap in AUM between ETFs and mutual funds in the United States is much lower, at just over three times less. Who are the largest ETF providers? The ******* provider of ETFs globally is Blackrock, the world’s largest asset management company. As of August 2025, the company had more than ****trillion U.S. dollars of assets under management in exchange traded funds in the U.S. alone, while Blackrock’s total assets under management across all products reached almost **** trillion U.S. dollars. Rounding out the top ***** providers of ETFs are fellow U.S. asset managers Vanguard and State Street.

Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Residents: Investment Fund Units data was reported at 318,708,586.470 RUB in Jan 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 875,486,311.320 RUB for Dec 2018. Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Residents: Investment Fund Units data is updated monthly, averaging 738,781,629.750 RUB from Aug 2015 (Median) to Jan 2019, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11,062,657,423.000 RUB in Dec 2015 and a record low of 146,199,202.000 RUB in May 2016. Russia Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Residents: Investment Fund Units data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Moscow Exchange. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table RU.ZB005: MICEX Stock Exchange: Turnover: Buy and Sell: Deals for Residents.

Selling-General-and-Administrative Time Series for First Financial Holding Co Ltd. First Financial Holding Co., Ltd., through its subsidiaries, provides various financial products and services in Taiwan, Asia, America, Europe, Oceania, and internationally. It operates through Banking, Securities, Securities Investment Trust, Insurance, and Other Businesses segments. The company engages in the management of securities investment trust funds and private funds business; life insurance business; and financial institution creditor's right, accounts receivable purchase, and real estate transaction businesses. It also involved in the marketable securities brokerage, trading, and underwriting; futures introducing broker; wealth management and bancaasurance; margin and stock loans of marketable securities trading; registration and transfer agency operations for securities; and other securities-related businesses. In addition, the company engages in investment consultancy, and enterprise operation management consultancy services. Further, the company offshore fund master agent and sales agencies, leasing, and receivable factoring services. Additionally, it offers advisory service to corporates on business management, business development, and technology transfer; advisory service to corporates on financing, merger and acquisition, management buyout, and corporate restructure, etc.; and escrow venture capital investment fund services. It operates through branches; overseas branches and sub-branches; and representative offices. First Financial Holding Co., Ltd. was founded in 1899 and is based in Taipei, Taiwan.

Preferred-Stock-and-Other-Adjustments Time Series for Tropicana Corporation Bhd. Tropicana Corporation Berhad engages in the property development businesses in Malaysia. It operates through three segments: Property Development and Property Management; Property Investment, Recreation and Resort; and Investment Holding and Others. The company develops residential and commercial properties; operates and manages hotels, resorts, golf courses, and club houses; invests in commercial and other properties; provides landscape services; and manages and operates private schools, and other operations. It provides property management and maintenance services; general trading; money lending and credit financing; management and education services; Provision of MM2H application services; business information, enterprise management consultation, marketing, and exhibition services; and consultancy services on conferences and exhibitions. In addition, it is involved in the management of car parking facilities; trading of building materials; agriculture, fishery; construction; and water treatment and supply businesses. Further, the company distributes and sells electricity; organic farming and vegetables; develops real estate; operates and manages department store and mall; sells land. It provides treasury, fund, cash, investment, financing and debt, financial risk management, and other related services; engages in timber and logging, food and beverage, and event organization businesses; and manufactures, distributes, wholesales, and trades in gloves, face masks, and other healthcare products. The company was formerly known as Dijaya Corporation Berhad and changed its name to Tropicana Corporation Berhad in May 2013. The company was incorporated in 1979 and is headquartered in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.

Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Residents: Legal Entities: Investment Fund Units在2019-01达217,150,838.940 RUB，相较于2018-12的760,795,267.190 RUB有所下降。Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Residents: Legal Entities: Investment Fund Units数据按月度更新，2015-08至2019-01期间平均值为672,815,533.500 RUB，共42份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于2015-12，达10,931,631,805.000 RUB，而历史最低值则出现于2018-09，为19,320,506.800 RUB。CEIC提供的Turnover: MICEX Stock Exchange: MS: Buy & Sell: Deals for Residents: Legal Entities: Investment Fund Units数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Moscow Exchange，数据归类于Russia Premium Database的Financial Market – Table RU.ZB005: MICEX Stock Exchange: Turnover: Buy and Sell: Deals for Residents。