These metadata describe the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) 2010 bathymetry data collected in Skagit Bay Washington that is provided as a 1-m resolution TIFF image, as well as a 1-m resolution shaded-relief TIFF image. In 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2010 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) collected bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data in Skagit Bay, Washington using an interferometric bathymetric sidescan sonar system mounded to the USGS R/V Parke Snavely and the USGS R/V Karluk. The research was conducted in coordination with the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, Skagit River System Cooperative, Skagit Watershed Council, Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to characterize estuarine habitats and processes, including the sediment budget of the Skagit River and the influence of river-delta channelization on sediment transport. Information quantifying the distribution of habitats and extent that sediment transport influences habitats and the morphology of the delta is useful for planning for salmon recovery, agricultural resilience, flood risk protection, and coastal change associated with sea-level rise.

This dataset contains the high resolution 3D bathymetry of 347 global reservoirs, which represents 50% of the overall global storage capacity. It also provides the Area-Elevation (A-E) and Elevation-Volume (E-V) relationships for these reservoirs.

The Neuse River Estuary in North Carolina is a broad, V-shaped water body located on the southwestern end of Pamlico Sound. This estuary suffers from severe eutrophication for which several water quality models have recently been developed to aid in the management of nutrient loading to the estuary. In an effort to help constrain model estimates of the fraction of nutrients delivered by direct ground-water discharge, continuous resistivity profile (CRP) measurements were made during the spring of 2004 and 2005. CRP is used to measure electrical resistivity of sediments, a property that is sensitive to difference in salinity of submarine ground water. The 2004 and 2005 surveys used floating resistivity streamers of 100 m and 50 m respectively. The depth penetration of the streamers is approximately 20% of the streamer length which translates to approximately 20-25 m with the 100 m streamer and 12-14 m with the 50 m streamer. These data were processed using AGI's EarthImager 2D software. CRP data enables the mapping of the extent and depth of the fresher ground water within the estuary.

The National Bathymetric Source (NBS) project creates and maintains high-resolution bathymetry composed of the best available data. This project enables the creation of next-generation nautical charts while also providing support for modeling, industry, science, regulation, and public curiosity. Primary sources of bathymetry include NOAA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers hydrographic surveys and topographic bathymetric (topo-bathy) lidar (light detection and ranging) data. Data submitted through the NOAA Office of Coast Survey’s external source data process are also included, with gaps in deep water filled through Global Multi-Resolution Topography, a merged model of bathymetry. Different vertical datums and file formats are made available to meet various uses. The BlueTopo folder includes multilayer floating point GeoTIFFs with associated Raster Attribute Tables (RAT) containing elevation, vertical uncertainty, with other quality metrics and source information. These files are arranged in a spatial tiling and resolution scheme corresponding to the Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) but are not for navigation due to the inclusion of additional non-navigation data and non-navigation vertical datums. For navigational datasets please see the S-102 distribution portal. "nowCOAST" provides public access to BlueTopo through the nowCOAST viewer, web map tile services (WMTS), and links to individual datasets.

The gbr100 dataset is a high-resolution bathymetry and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) covering the Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea and neighbouring Queensland coastline. This DEM has a grid pixel size of 0.001-arc degrees (~100m) with a horizontal datum of WGS84 and a vertical datum of Mean Sea Level (MSL).

For the latest version of this dataset download the data from http://deepreef.org/bathymetry/65-3dgbr-bathy.html

This dataset was developed as part of the 3DGBR project.

This grid utilises the latest available multibeam, singlebeam, lidar and satellite bathymetry source datasets provided by Federal and State Government agencies, in addition to significant new multibeam data collected during research expeditions in the area.

The large increase in source bathymetry data added much detail to improving the resolution of the current Australian Bathymetry and Topography Grid (Whiteway, 2009). The gbr100 grid provides new insights into the detailed geomorphic shape and spatial relationships between adjacent seabed features.

The accompanying report contains an explanation of the various source datasets used in the development of the new grid, and how the data were treated in order to convert to a similar file format with common horizontal (WGS84) and vertical (mean sea level) datums. Descriptive statistics are presented to show the relative proportion of source data used in the new grid. The report continues with a detailed explanation of the pre-processing and gridding process methodology used to develop the grid. A description is also provided for additional spatial analysis on the new grid in order to derive associated grids and layers. The results section provides a short overview of the improvement of the new grid over the current Australian Bathymetry and Topography Grid (Whiteway, 2009). The report then presents the results of the new grid, called gbr100, and the associated derived map outputs as a series of figures. A table of metadata for the current source data accompanies this report as Appendix 1. The report is available at: http://www.deepreef.org/publications/reports/67-3dgbr-final.html

Data details and format:

gbr100 bathymetry grid: Height/Depth in metres (MSL) Formats: 19000x18000 pixel grid (32 bit float) in ESRI raster grid file, GMT/netCDF grid file, Fledermaus sd file, 100m contour ESRI shapefile, GeoTiff grid file.

Total Vertical Uncertainty: Total Vertical Uncertainty (TVU) in the bathymetry estimated from uncertainty classification of each source dataset. Formats: 19000x18000 pixel grid (32 bit float) in ESRI raster, GeoTiff.

Hillshading: Hillshading for full gbr100 and also ocean areas only. Derived from the gbr100 grid. Format: 19000x18000 pixel grid (8 bit) in GeoTiff.

Funding history:

This dataset was initially developed as part of project 2.5i.1 from the MTSRF program (2010).

Subsequent versions of the dataset were developed from other funding sources.

Version history:

• July 2010 - Version 1

• Dec 2014 - Version 3 This version incorporates dozens of new bathymetric surveys including many new navy LADS surveys and some satellite derived bathy to fill in some gaps left by LADS.

• Jan 2016 - Version 4 This version incorporates estimates of bathymetry from satellite imagery in shallow clear waters.

Data Location:

This dataset is filed in the eAtlas enduring data repository at: data\ongoing\GBR_JCU_Beaman_3DGBR-bathymetry-gbr100

High resolution morphobathymetry acquired and processed by CNR-ISMAR in the framework of different project from 1997 to 2014

This composite Digital Terrain Model (cDTM) is a high resolution bathymetry dataset highlighting measurement of depth of water in the ocean. This cDTM covers the Irish Sea North off the coasts of counties Wicklow, Dublin, Meath and Louth in Ireland. The EMODnet high resolution DTM covers bathymetry surveys completed between 2002 and 2019. Bathymetric data collected on board research vessels using multi-beam and single-beam echosounder instrumentation. Raw bathymetry processed within CARIS software to produce bathymetry products subsequently converted to NetCDF cDTM for EMODnet. Acquisition, processing and product delivery follows IHO standard s44 Edition 5. cDTM is composed of twenty-two (22) images “merged simply” using GLOBE software. INFOMAR (Integrated Mapping for the Sustainable Development of Ireland’s Marine Resource) is a twenty year programme to map the physical, chemical and biological features of Ireland’s seabed established in 2006. INFOMAR is funded by the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment (DCCAE), and delivered by joint management partners Geological Survey Ireland and the Marine Institute. The programme is the successor to the Irish National Seabed Survey (INSS) which ran between 1999 and 2005. INFOMAR concentrates on creating integrated mapping products related to the seabed.

This dataset is a mosaicked product of all publicly available bathymetry data within the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The data package consists of 8x bathymetry mosaics (and associated bathymetry derivatives: hillshade, slope, aspect) for each of the 8x Parks Australia Management Effectiveness Ecosystem Component depth zones ("Ecosystem Zones"). The grid resolution of the mosaics has been guided by the depth gridding recommendations of the AusSeabed Australian Multibeam Guidelines (2020) to produce the following mosaics:

• shallow zone (0-30m): 10m resolution • mesophotic zone (30-70m): 10m resolution • rariphotic zone (70-200m): 10m resolution • upper-slope zone (200-700m): 32m resolution • mid-slope zone (700-2,000m): 64m resolution • lower-slope zone (2,000-4,000m): 128m resolution • abyss zone (4,000-6,000m): 210m resolution • hadal zone (>6,000m): 210m resolution

A systematic prioritisation approach was used to preferentially use newer, high-resolution, and cleaner bathymetry inputs from remote sensing (multibeam, singlebeam, satellite, seismic etc), with Digital Elevation Models (DEM) used as foundational data in regions where survey data was not available. This approach optimised spatial resolution by preserving higher resolutions in shallower waters as supported by the data, while also ensuring the output datasets remain manageable for downstream applications. The result is suite of depth-stratified bathymetry mosaics and associated derivatives that provide full coverage of Australia's marine estate (clipped to the boundaries of the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)). All publicly available bathymetry data as at July 2024 for was included.

Data can be visualised and used in GIS packages as maps of hillshaded bathymetry and hillshaded slope at the following WMS endpoints: • bathymetry: https://geoserver.imas.utas.edu.au/geoserver/bathy_composites/AusEEZ_bathy_composite_multires/wms?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS • hillshade: https://geoserver.imas.utas.edu.au/geoserver/bathy_composites/AusEEZ_bathy_hillshade_composite_multires/wms?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS • slope: https://geoserver.imas.utas.edu.au/geoserver/bathy_composites/AusEEZ_bathy_slope_composite_multires/wms?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS • aspect: https://geoserver.imas.utas.edu.au/geoserver/bathy_composites/AusEEZ_bathy_aspect_composite_multires/wms?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS • aspect-slope (for mapping applications only): https://geoserver.imas.utas.edu.au/geoserver/bathy_composites/AusEEZ_bathy_aspectSlope_composite_multires/wms?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS

Data is available for download in the following packages (each structured as 8x mosaics for each Ecosystem Zone at the gridding resolution specified above): (1) bathymetry composites; (2) hillshade composites; (3) slope composites; (4) aspect composites.

An ancillary Shapefile footprint index file is also available showing the source data used in generating each region of the mosaics.

Note that minimal cleaning of input data was conducted, and no attempt was made to smooth or blend the transitions between swath edges, or between swaths and the underlying DEMs. Consequently, noise and edge effects between adjacent input data may be visible. This should be considered when interpreting the data, and the data should not be used for navigational purposes.

See the Lineage section of this record for full methodology.

Bathymetric data were acquired with the EM712 system mounted to the hull of RV Maria S. Merian (Figure 1). The survey was designed to provide high-resolution bathymetry with 5 x 5 m resolution. We processed the data using MB Systems software (Caress & Chayes, 2017) and included statistical evaluation of soundings that increased the signal-to-noise ratio. The sound velocity profile for multibeam processing was measured at the beginning and at the end of the cruise.

The dataset contains BioCam visual seafloor mapping device from data collected between 23rd September to 5th October 2022. These data were collected by the University of Southampton and the National Oceanography Centre (NOC) as part of the INSITE (Influence of man-made structures in the ecosystem) AT-SEA (Autonomous Techniques for anthropogenic Structure Ecological Assessment NE/T010649/1) project. Two shore-launched Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) deployments were conducted in the North Sea, at the site of the decommissioned North West Hutton oil platform and Miller platform. These data include colour corrected strobed images, and cm-resolution bathymetry maps and texture maps. These data were collected using the BioCam seafloor mapping device mounted to the 6000 m rated Autosub Long Range (ALR). To collect colour imagery, a strobe was mounted at the front and another one at the back of the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) and were used to illuminate the seafloor when the colour camera of BioCam, mounted at the centre of the AUV, acquired those images once every 3 s. The strobed colour images were stored in raw format along with their timestamps. A line laser mounted at the front and another one mounted at the back of the AUV projected lines onto the seafloor at the same time. The lasers were permanently on, except when the strobes were triggered, when they were briefly turned off to avoid projecting the laser lines onto the strobed colour photos. Images of the laser line projection were acquired at 10 Hz and saved along with their timestamps. Post mission, the strobed images were colour corrected with an algorithm implemented in oplab-pipeline in post processing. Bathymetric data were computed using the laser line images that were processed with a light-sectioning algorithm published by Bodenmann, Thornton and Ura (2016). Texture maps were generated by projecting the colour-corrected images onto the 3D reconstructed bathymetry as detailed by Bodenmann, Thornton and Ura (2016).

this data set contains processed multibeam sounder data from 12 dives of asterx auv performed on active faults scarps of the north anatolian fault system in the sea of marmara during the marmesonet cruise (2009). the auv carried a simrad em2000 multibeam echosounder, operating at 200 khz, and surveyed at 50 to 70 m altitude, allowing a swath width of 150-200 m. digital elevation models (dem, in meters below sealevel) and seafloor backscatter intensity mosaics (relative amplitude in db) are provided for 7 zones: tekirdağ basin w (dive 13), tekirdağ basin nw (dive 14), western high (dives 10, 11 and 12), western high e (dive 15), central high (dive 6,7,8 and 9), çınarcık basin n (dive 16), çınarcık basin s (dive 2) (see figure). the horizontal resolution and grid pixel size of the dem is 2 m. that of the backscatter intensity image is 1 m. two versions of the dem are provided. version 1 is consistent with the backscatter image. version 2 was updated applying a fofonoff correction to the depths and relocating part of the auv multibeam sounding points to fit em302 shipborne multibeam maps. version 2 depths and absolute positions are more accurate (10 m in the wgs-84 reference frame), but version 1 will give better results if the backscatter image is applied as a texture or shading on the dem. dem and backscatter raster files are provided in geotiff format (readable with arcgis 10.3 and qgis 3) and use projected cartesian coordinates. they were converted from caraibes (ifremer bathymetry and imagery processing software) output raster files with qgis using gdal translator. the coordinate reference system is a world mercator projection based on wgs-84 datum, using meter units and a standard parallel at n40° latitude (latitude of preserved scale) {proj4: +proj=merc +lon_0=0 +lat_ts=+40 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +datum=wgs84 +units=m +no_defs}. for gis skeptics, one possible way to use these grids with generic mapping tools is to perform a reverse projection back to geographic coordinates. assuming the default proj_ellipsoid is properly set to wgs-84, the reverse projection can be applied (using gmt version 5) with the following command line:gmt grdproject auv_xxx.tif=gd -gauv_xxx.grd -jm0/40/1:1 -f -c -i -v

1. In the data collection process

The "EMODnet Digital Bathymetry (DTM)- 2022" is a multilayer bathymetric product for Europe’s sea and oversea basins covering: • the Greater North Sea, including the Kattegat and stretches of water such as Fair Isle, Cromarty, Forth, Forties,Dover, Wight, and Portland • the English Channel and Celtic Seas • Western Mediterranean, the Ionian Sea and the Central Mediterranean Sea • Iberian Coast and Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) • Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean) • Aegean - Levantine Sea (Mediterranean). • Madeira and Azores (Macaronesia) • Baltic Sea • Black Sea • Norwegian and Icelandic Seas • Canary Islands (Macaronesia) • Arctic region and Barentz Sea and the Caribbean Sea. The DTM is based upon 21937 bathymetric survey data sets and Composite DTMs that have been gathered from 64 data providers from 28 countries riparian to European seas and beyond. Also Satellite Derived Bathymetry data products have been included fro Landsat 8 and Sentinel satellite images. Areas not covered by observations are completed by integrating GEBCO 2022 and IBCAO V4. The source reference layer in the portal viewing service gives metadata of the data sets used with their data providers; the metadata also acknowledges the data originators. The incorporated survey data sets itself can be discovered and requested for access through the Common Data Index (CDI) data discovery and access service that in December 2022 contained > 41.000survey data sets from European data providers for global waters. The Composite DTMs can be discovered through the Sextant Catalogue service. Both discovery services make use of SeaDataNet standards and services and have been integrated in the EMODnet portal (https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/en/bathymetry#bathymetry-services ). In addition, the EMODnet Map Viewer (https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geoviewer/ ) gives users wide functionality for viewing and downloading the EMODnet digital bathymetry such as: • water depth (refering to the Lowest Astronomical Tide Datum - LAT) in gridded form on a DTM grid of 1/16 * 1/16 arc minute of longitude and latitude (ca 115 * 115 meters). • option to view depth parameters of individual DTM cells and references to source data • option to download DTM in 58 tiles in different formats: ESRI ASCII, XYZ, EMODnet CSV, NetCDF (CF), GeoTiff and SD • option to visualize the DTM in 3D in the browser without plug-in • layer with a number of high resolution DTMs for coastal regions • layer with wrecks from the UKHO Wrecks database. The EMODnet DTM is also available by means of OGC web services (WMS, WFS, WCS, WMTS), which are specified at the EMODnet Bathymetry portal. The original datasets themselves are not distributed but described in the metadata services, giving clear information about the background survey data used for the DTM, their access restrictions, originators and distributors and facilitating requests by users to originator.

The "EMODnet Digital Bathymetry (DTM)- 2024" is a multilayer bathymetric product for Europe’s sea and oversea basins covering: • the Greater North Sea, including the Kattegat and stretches of water such as Fair Isle, Cromarty, Forth, Forties,Dover, Wight, and Portland • the English Channel and Celtic Seas • Western Mediterranean, the Ionian Sea and the Central Mediterranean Sea • Iberian Coast and Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) • Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean) • Aegean - Levantine Sea (Mediterranean). • Madeira and Azores (Macaronesia) • Baltic Sea • Black Sea • Norwegian and Icelandic Seas • Canary Islands (Macaronesia) • Arctic region and Barentz Sea and the Caribbean Sea. The DTM is based upon 22063 bathymetric survey data sets and Composite DTMs that have been gathered from 66 data providers from 28 countries riparian to European seas and beyond. Also Satellite Derived Bathymetry data products have been included from Landsat 8 and Sentinel satellite images. Areas not covered by observations are completed by integrating GEBCO 2024 and IBCAO V4. The source reference layer in the portal viewing service gives metadata of the data sets used with their data providers; the metadata also acknowledges the data originators. The incorporated survey data sets itself can be discovered and requested for access through the Common Data Index (CDI) data discovery and access service that icontains > 41.000 survey data sets from European data providers for global waters. The Composite DTMs can be discovered through the Sextant Catalogue service. Both discovery services make use of SeaDataNet standards and services and have been integrated in the EMODnet portal (https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/en/bathymetry#bathymetry-services ). In addition, the EMODnet Map Viewer (https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geoviewer/ ) gives users wide functionality for viewing and downloading the EMODnet digital bathymetry such as: • water depth (refering to the Lowest Astronomical Tide Datum - LAT) in gridded form on a DTM grid of 1/16 * 1/16 arc minute of longitude and latitude (ca 115 * 115 meters). • option to view depth parameters of individual DTM cells and references to source data • option to download DTM in 59 tiles in different formats: ESRI ASCII, XYZ, EMODnet CSV, NetCDF, GeoTiff, RGB and SD • option to visualize the DTM in 3D in the browser without plug-in • layer with a number of high resolution DTMs for coastal regions • layer with wrecks from the UKHO Wrecks database. The EMODnet DTM is also available by means of OGC web services (WMS, WFS, WCS, WMTS), which are specified at the EMODnet Bathymetry portal. The original datasets themselves are not distributed but described in the metadata services, giving clear information about the background survey data used for the DTM, their access restrictions, originators and distributors and facilitating requests by users to originator.

Between November 2014 and June 2016 the U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) conducted eight repeat, high-resolution bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter surveys of a small patch of seafloor offshore Santa Cruz in northern Monterey Bay, California. PCMSC also collected oceanographic time-series data over the same two-year period. This metadata file describes the eight bathymetry datasets.

Detailed seabed bathymetric data are needed to better understand our marine environment because models of seabed morphology derived from these data provide useful insights into physical processes that act on the seabed and the location of different types of seabed habitats. Lord Howe Island lies approximately 450km off the northern coast of New South Wales. It is a volcanic island with a fringing coral reef on its western shore, and a shallow (20 - 120 m) shelf surrounds the island. Bathymetry data are required in this area to help identify major seabed processes and habitats, especially relict reef structures, and to measure how well physical seabed properties act as surrogates of patterns of biodiversity on this mid-ocean carbonate shelf. The data are also required to enable modelling of tsunami as they interact with the shelf around the island and the coast.

This report describes the methodology employed in creating detailed bathymetry data grids of the Lord Howe Island region. It covers data collection, quality control and gridding. Descriptions are provided of each dataset employed, the methods used to integrate the different datasets and the attributes of the new bathymetry models.

Four new bathymetry grids are presented, including grids that integrate bathymetry with the island's topography.

You can also purchase hard copies of Geoscience Australia data and other products at http://www.ga.gov.au/products-services/how-to-order-products/sales-centre.html

This dataset is a new Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using the best available high-resolution topography and bathymetry surrounding the area of Whittier, Alaska. We utilized three datasets (1) LiDAR topography collected by the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) in 2012, (2) multibeam echosounder system (MBES) survey of western Passage Canal collected by the USGS in the summer of 2011 (3) and NOAA single-beam soundings collected from September 26-October 18, 1995.

The global bathymetry and topography grid at 15 Arc Sec is the latest iteration of the SRTM+ digital elevation model (DEM) where the "plus" indicates the addition of ocean bathymetry from shipboard soundings and satellite-derived predicted depths. This DEM is a global elevation grid with a spatial sampling interval of 15 arc seconds (approximately 500 x 500 m pixel size at the equator). New data consists of >33.6 million multibeam and singlebeam measurements collated by several institutions, namely, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Geoscience Australia, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. New altimetry data consists of 48, 14, and 12 months of retracked range measurements from Cryosat-2, SARAL/AltiKa, and Jason-2, respectively. Onshore, topography data are sourced from previously published digital elevation models, predominately SRTM-CGIAR V4.1 between 60N and 60S. ArcticDEM is used above 60N, while Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica is used below 62S.

For more information on this dataset, see its associated publication:
Tozer, B, Sandwell, D. T., Smith, W. H. F., Olson, C., Beale, J. R., & Wessel, P. (2019). Global bathymetry and topography at 15 arc sec: SRTM15+. Earth and Space Science, 6, 1847. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000658

or visit the project website here for more details.

OpenTopography enabled access to version 2.5.5 of this dataset on November 6th 2023. Previous to this date, OpenTopography was supplying V2.1

High-resolution multibeam data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game in May of 2014 southwest of Montague Island, Alaska. Data were collected aboard the Alaska Department of Fish and Game vessel, R/V Solstice, during USGS field activity 2014-622-FA, using a pole mounted 100-kHz Reson 7111 multibeam echosounder.

These metadata describe the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) merged bathymetry digital terrain model comprised of the 2005, 2007, and 2010 bathymetry data collected in Skagit Bay Washington that is provided as a 1-m resolution TIFF image, as well as a 1-m resolution shaded-relief TIFF image. In 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2010 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) collected bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data in Skagit Bay, Washington using an interferometric bathymetric sidescan sonar system mounded to the USGS R/V Parke Snavely and the USGS R/V Karluk. The research was conducted in coordination with the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, Skagit River System Cooperative, Skagit Watershed Council, Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to characterize estuarine habitats and processes, including the sediment budget of the Skagit River and the ...