The highest city in the world with a population of more than one million is La Paz. The Capital of Bolivia sits ***** meters above sea level, and is more than 1,000 meters higher than the second-ranked city, Quito. La Paz is also higher than Mt. Fuji in Japan, which has a height of 3,776 meters. Many of the world's largest cities are located in South America. The only city in North America that makes the top 20 list is Denver, Colorado, which has an altitude of ***** meters.

The United States has an average elevation of roughly 2,500 feet (763m) above sea level, however there is a stark contrast in elevations across the country. Highest states Colorado is the highest state in the United States, with an average elevation of 6,800 feet (2,074m) above sea level. The 10 states with the highest average elevation are all in the western region of the country, as this is, by far, the most mountainous region in the country. The largest mountain ranges in the contiguous western states are the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and Cascade Range, while the Appalachian Mountains is the longest range in the east - however, the highest point in the U.S. is Denali (Mount McKinley), found in Alaska. Lowest states At just 60 feet above sea level, Delaware is the state with the lowest elevation. Delaware is the second smallest state, behind Rhode Island, and is located on the east coast. Larger states with relatively low elevations are found in the southern region of the country - both Florida and Louisiana have an average elevation of just 100 feet (31m) above sea level, and large sections of these states are extremely vulnerable to flooding and rising sea levels, as well as intermittent tropical storms.

The National High Altitude Photography (NHAP) program, which was operated from 1980 - 1989, was coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey as an interagency project to eliminate duplicate photography in various Government programs. The aim of the program was to cover the 48 conterminous states of the USA over a 5-year span. In the NHAP program, black-and-white and color-infrared aerial photographs were obtained on 9-inch film from an altitude of 40,000 feet above mean terrain elevation and are centered over USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles. The color-infrared photographs are at a scale of 1:58,000 (1 inch equals about .9 miles) and the black-and-white photographs are at a scale of 1:80,000 (1 inch equals about 1.26 miles).

Electronic supplementary material. Figure S1A: The location of Drohmo Peak sampling site in relation to recent reports on aerosol chemistry and dynamics in its vicinity (Carrico et al., 2009; Chatterjee et al., 2011). The inset shows a wider geographical orientation of the map. The Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) at the foothills of Mt. Everest at 5079 m, is a comparable location to our site and provided a systematic 2-year measurement of dust concentrations and composition (Decesari et al., 2009). An experimental station in Darjeeling (2194 m) provided evidence that 33% and 20% of particles deposited at much lower altitude and in populated and agriculturally intensive area originated from long-distance (>1500 km) continental and marine sources, respectively (Chatterjee et al., 2011). Landsat image data were obtained from USGS EROS (Earth Resources Observatory and Science (EROS) Center) public domain (http://eros.usgs.gov/#) using LandsatLook Viewer software (http://landsatlook.usgs.gov/), courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior/USGS, U.S. Geological Survey. The USGS home page is http://www.usgs.gov. Figure S1B: A satellite image of the rugged surface topography surrounding Drohmo peak (6980 m), Nepal (27° 48′ 00″ N and 88° 07′ 02″ E) and the sampling site (circled). Image courtesy of the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov) unique photo number (Mission-Roll-Frame): ISS008-E-06645. Figure S1C: The view of the sampling site from the lower Kanchenjunga glacier valley to the East, from a distance of 8 km. Figure S1D: High-altitude sampling sites. Photo: Blaž Stres. Figure S2: Sampling scheme. Six altitude transects on the south facing slope were established. Each transect was 150 m in length, every 200 m difference in altitude. Four sampling sites were spaced horizontally at 50 m. Soil cores (red asterix) were taken at each sampling site (red circle). Figure S3: The 3D representations of the measured environmental parameters in this study. Ts- each of the four transect sites per altitude transect. (A) soil carbon content, (B) soil nitrogen content, (C) reducing sugars glucose equivalents, (D) coarse sand, (E) fine sand, (F) coarse silt, (G) fine silt, (H) clay, (I) extractable ammonia content, (J) extractable nitrate content, (K) MWI - molecular weight index of extractable water soluble organic carbon, (L) pH. Figure S4: An overview of gradients in measured environmental parameters that were significantly associated (p

Original provider: Minerals Management Service

Dataset credits: Minerals Management Service

Abstract: This dataset is from the marine mammal and seabird surveys of central and northern California studies: Central/northern California - high aerial [Cetaceans] study Code: CH, Contract number: 14-12-0001-29090, Principal investigator: Thomas P. Dohl, Center for Marine Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz

Study area: Shelf, slope, and offshore waters to a distance of 100 nm off the California coast from Point Conception to the California-Oregon boundary.

Methodology: Offshore transect surveys were flown twice-monthly at two different altitudes (200 ft and about 750-1,000 ft ASL) along approximately 40 east-west transect lines extending an average of 60 nm offshore. The transects sampled on a given survey were selected randomly from a set of 92 standard (predetermined) lines spaced at intervals of 5' of latitude. Standard transects provided systematic coverage of shelf, slope, and offshore waters in the study area. Sightings of seabirds, pinnipeds, and sea otters were recorded only on low-altitude surveys. Sightings of cetaceans and turtles were recorded on both low- and high-altitude surveys. Seabird sightings were recorded only on the shaded side of the aircraft within a strip transect of 50 m width. Marine mammal and turtle sightings were recorded within an unbounded corridor on both high- and low-altitude surveys, but only the shaded side of the aircraft was searched on the low-altitude surveys. Cross-legs connecting standard transects were searched only on high-altitude surveys. Offshore cross-legs were searched on both sides of the aircraft, while only the nearshore side was searched on cross-legs along the coast. Declination angle was measured and noted for each marine mammal/turtle sightings and later used to calculate a probability density function of frequency with right-angle sighting distance. Navigation was by Loran and VLF-Omega.

Databases produced: Three databases of sightings at sea were produced by these studies (data on numbers of seabirds and pinnipeds on land were also collected but are not addressed in the present study). These include: 1) sightings of cetaceans and turtles recorded on 36 high-altitude aerial surveys, 2) sightings of cetaceans, pinnipeds, sea otters, and turtles recorded on 36 low-altitude aerial surveys, and 3) sightings of seabirds on 36 low-altitude aerial surveys. Each sighting database is accompanied by files providing the search effort on transect and environmental characteristics of the waters surveyed (e.g., sea surface temperature).

This data set is one of many developed in support of The High Plains Groundwater Availability Project and the USGS Data Series Report: Geodatabase Compilation of Hydrogeologic, Remote Sensing, and Water-Budget-Component data for the High Plains aquifer, 2011 (DS 777). This dataset contains point vector data from the National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHD+) 1:100,000 stream polyline data converted into points and attributed with elevation values in feet above sea level. Streams were initially included if they had a mean estimated base flow of more than 10 cubic feet per second (based on streamflow data from long-term streamflow-gaging stations operated by the USGS or the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources). The stream network then was expanded to include selected streams that were deemed hydrogeologically important but had a mean estimated base flow of less than 10 cubic feet per second.

At 282 feet below sea level, Death Valley in the Mojave Desert, California is the lowest point of elevation in the United States (and North America). Coincidentally, Death Valley is less than 85 miles from Mount Whitney, the highest point of elevation in the mainland United States. Death Valley is one of the hottest places on earth, and in 1913 it was the location of the highest naturally occurring temperature ever recorded on Earth (although some meteorologists doubt its legitimacy). New Orleans Louisiana is the only other state where the lowest point of elevation was below sea level. This is in the city of New Orleans, on the Mississippi River Delta. Over half of the city (up to two-thirds) is located below sea level, and recent studies suggest that the city is sinking further - man-made efforts to prevent water damage or flooding are cited as one reason for the city's continued subsidence, as they prevent new sediment from naturally reinforcing the ground upon which the city is built. These factors were one reason why New Orleans was so severely impacted by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 - the hurricane itself was one of the deadliest in history, and it destroyed many of the levee systems in place to prevent flooding, and the elevation exacerbated the damage caused. Highest low points The lowest point in five states is over 1,000 feet above sea level. Colorado's lowest point, at 3,315 feet, is still higher than the highest point in 22 states or territories. For all states whose lowest points are found above sea level, these points are located in rivers, streams, or bodies of water.

High-Altitude Wind Energy Ground Station Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global high-altitude wind energy ground station market size reached USD 843.5 million in 2024. The market is exhibiting robust growth, driven by technological advancements and increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.2% projected from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the market is forecasted to achieve a valuation of USD 4,260.7 million. Key growth factors include the rising focus on renewable energy, improvements in airborne wind energy technology, and the need for decentralized power generation in remote and off-grid locations.

The rapid expansion of the high-altitude wind energy ground station market is primarily fueled by the increasing global emphasis on reducing carbon emissions and transitioning to cleaner energy sources. Governments and private sector entities are actively investing in research and development to harness the immense wind potential available at higher altitudes, where wind speeds are more consistent and significantly stronger than those at ground level. This technological innovation enables greater energy capture efficiency, making high-altitude wind energy a promising alternative to conventional wind and solar power. The scalability of these systems, combined with their ability to generate energy even in regions with challenging terrain or limited land availability, is further propelling market growth.

Another significant driver for the high-altitude wind energy ground station market is the increasing deployment of renewable energy infrastructure in remote and off-grid areas. Many regions across Africa, Asia, and Latin America face challenges in accessing reliable electricity due to geographical isolation or underdeveloped grid infrastructure. High-altitude wind energy systems offer a viable solution by providing decentralized, sustainable power generation that can be rapidly deployed without the need for extensive land use or costly grid extensions. This is particularly relevant for disaster-prone zones, military operations, and temporary installations, where quick and flexible energy solutions are essential. The continuous decline in the cost of components and improvements in energy storage technologies are also making these systems more economically feasible for a wider range of applications.

The market's growth is further supported by favorable policy frameworks and increasing investments from both public and private sectors. National and regional governments in developed economies such as the United States, Germany, and Japan are implementing incentives, subsidies, and regulatory reforms to encourage the adoption of innovative renewable energy technologies, including high-altitude wind energy. Additionally, the growing participation of venture capital and strategic collaborations between technology developers and utility companies are accelerating commercialization efforts. As the industry matures, standardization of safety protocols, interoperability of components, and advancements in automation and control systems are expected to enhance the reliability and scalability of high-altitude wind energy ground stations, further cementing their role in the global energy mix.

Regionally, Europe and North America are leading the adoption of high-altitude wind energy ground stations, owing to their robust renewable energy policies, established technology ecosystems, and strong R&D capabilities. However, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a significant growth engine, driven by increasing energy demand, rapid industrialization, and government initiatives aimed at expanding access to clean energy. Countries such as China, India, and Australia are witnessing heightened interest and pilot projects in airborne wind energy, supported by favorable regulatory environments and growing public awareness. The market outlook remains highly positive, with ongoing technological advancements and strategic investments expected to unlock substantial opportunities in both developed and emerging markets.

This data set provides air temperature (1.5 m above ground surface) data from the Kanchanjunga Himal, eastern Nepal. Air temperature was monitored from November 1998 to November 1999 at three locations (Tengkoma, Lhonak, and Ghunsa) at altitudes of 3410, 4750 and 6012 m ASL. Although temperature was measured at one-hour intervals, only daily mean values are provided.

This statistic displays the countries with the greatest range between their highest and lowest elevation points. China and Nepal share the highest elevation point worldwide, which ascends to an amount of 8848 meters above sea level. Near the city Turpan Pendi, Xinjiang, China's elevation reaches 154 meters below sea level.

Representation of the spatial location of the currently available high-altitude fixed points within the urban area of the state capital Dresden. The height itself is not defined in this record.

A fixed point of height is a geodetic fixed point that serves specifically as a starting point for height measurement (technical or precision levelling). It must have a particularly high stability of the marrowing, as the requirement for accuracy is 1 millimeter or less. The points of the Dresden high-altitude network are therefore attached to/on structurally stable places/buildings.

If you notice the destruction or change of individual high-altitude fixed points, please report this to: geodatenerfassung@dresden.de +49 351 4883995

Location and height of the elevation points in the urban area of Aachen; On 01.12.2016, the Länder of the Federal Republic of Germany introduced a new realisation of the official geodetic spatial reference, the so-called integrated spatial reference 2016. This now provides uniform and high-precision coordinates for position and height as well as severity values. In this context, after evaluating the latest survey data, the position coordinates and the elevation values were adjusted. While there were no significant changes for the location coordinates, the elevation values in Aachen have changed from + 1.5 cm to + 2.0 cm. The new name of the heights is “Heights above normal height zero (NHN) in DHHN2016”.

An Open Context "predicates" dataset item. Open Context publishes structured data as granular, URL identified Web resources. This "Variables" record is part of the "Kenan Tepe" data publication.

This dataset contains the highest publicly accessible natural elevations ("high points") in each county in New Jersey. Five of New Jersey's 21 counties have landfills as their highest elevation. Due to the fact that these elevations can change substantially over short periods of time, they are not regarded as absolute high points in this layer.

The High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM) product is derived from airborne LiDAR data (mainly in the south) and satellite images in the north. The complete coverage of the Canadian territory is gradually being established. It includes a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), a Digital Surface Model (DSM) and other derived data. For DTM datasets, derived data available are slope, aspect, shaded relief, color relief and color shaded relief maps and for DSM datasets, derived data available are shaded relief, color relief and color shaded relief maps. The productive forest line is used to separate the northern and the southern parts of the country. This line is approximate and may change based on requirements. In the southern part of the country (south of the productive forest line), DTM and DSM datasets are generated from airborne LiDAR data. They are offered at a 1 m or 2 m resolution and projected to the UTM NAD83 (CSRS) coordinate system and the corresponding zones. The datasets at a 1 m resolution cover an area of 10 km x 10 km while datasets at a 2 m resolution cover an area of 20 km by 20 km. In the northern part of the country (north of the productive forest line), due to the low density of vegetation and infrastructure, only DSM datasets are generally generated. Most of these datasets have optical digital images as their source data. They are generated at a 2 m resolution using the Polar Stereographic North coordinate system referenced to WGS84 horizontal datum or UTM NAD83 (CSRS) coordinate system. Each dataset covers an area of 50 km by 50 km. For some locations in the north, DSM and DTM datasets can also be generated from airborne LiDAR data. In this case, these products will be generated with the same specifications as those generated from airborne LiDAR in the southern part of the country. The HRDEM product is referenced to the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 (CGVD2013), which is now the reference standard for heights across Canada. Source data for HRDEM datasets is acquired through multiple projects with different partners. Since data is being acquired by project, there is no integration or edgematching done between projects. The tiles are aligned within each project. The product High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM) is part of the CanElevation Series created in support to the National Elevation Data Strategy implemented by NRCan. Collaboration is a key factor to the success of the National Elevation Data Strategy. Refer to the “Supporting Document” section to access the list of the different partners including links to their respective data.

NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) is building high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) to support individual coastal States as part of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program's (NTHMP) efforts to improve community preparedness and hazard mitigation. These integrated bathymetric-topographic DEMs are used to support tsunami and coastal inundation mapping. Bathymetric, topographic, and shoreline data used in DEM compilation are obtained from various sources, including NGDC, the U.S. National Ocean Service (NOS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and other federal, state, and local government agencies, academic institutions, and private companies. DEMs are referenced to various vertical and horizontal datums depending on the specific modeling requirements of each State. For specific datum information on each DEM, refer to the appropriate DEM documentation. Cell sizes also vary depending on the specification required by modelers in each State, but typically range from 8/15 arc-second (~16 meters) to 8 arc-seconds (~240 meters).The DEM Global Mosaic is an image service providing access to bathymetric/topographic digital elevation models stewarded at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), along with the global GEBCO_2014 grid: http://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data. NCEI builds and distributes high-resolution, coastal digital elevation models (DEMs) that integrate ocean bathymetry and land topography to support NOAA's mission to understand and predict changes in Earth's environment, and conserve and manage coastal and marine resources to meet our Nation's economic, social, and environmental needs. They can be used for modeling of coastal processes (tsunami inundation, storm surge, sea-level rise, contaminant dispersal, etc.), ecosystems management and habitat research, coastal and marine spatial planning, and hazard mitigation and community preparedness. This service is a general-purpose global, seamless bathymetry/topography mosaic. It combines DEMs from a variety of near sea-level vertical datums, such as mean high water (MHW), mean sea level (MSL), and North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). Elevation values have been rounded to the nearest meter, with DEM cell sizes going down to 1 arc-second. Higher-resolution DEMs, with greater elevation precision, are available in the companion NAVD88: http://noaa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=e9ba2e7afb7d46cd878b34aa3bfce042 and MHW: http://noaa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=3bc7611c1d904a5eaf90ecbec88fa799 mosaics. By default, the DEMs are drawn in order of cell size, with higher-resolution grids displayed on top of lower-resolution grids. If overlapping DEMs have the same resolution, the newer one is shown. Please see NCEI's corresponding DEM Footprints map service: http://noaa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=d41f39c8a6684c54b62c8f1ab731d5ad for polygon footprints and more information about the individual DEMs used to create this composite view. In this visualization, the elevations/depths are displayed using this color ramp: http://gis.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/images/dem_color_scale.png.A map service showing the location and coverage of land and seafloor digital elevation models (DEMs) available from NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). NCEI builds and distributes high-resolution, coastal digital elevation models (DEMs) that integrate ocean bathymetry and land topography to support NOAA's mission to understand and predict changes in Earth's environment, and conserve and manage coastal and marine resources to meet our Nation's economic, social, and environmental needs. They can be used for modeling of coastal processes (tsunami inundation, storm surge, sea-level rise, contaminant dispersal, etc.), ecosystems management and habitat research, coastal and marine spatial planning, and hazard mitigation and community preparedness. Layers available in the map service: Layers 1-4: DEMs by Category (includes various DEMs, both hosted at NCEI, and elsewhere on the web); Layers 6-11: NCEI DEM Projects (DEMs hosted at NCEI, color-coded by project); Layer 12: All NCEI Bathymetry DEMs (All bathymetry or bathy-topo DEMs hosted at NCEI).

This resource contains spatial data on occurences of endemic taxa of beetles registered/collected on high altitude habitats on mountains from the Western Balkans. Data were compiled within the List of Selected Endemic Terrestrial Plant and Animal Taxa of South-East Europe. Support for developing this list was provided by the Open Regional Fund for South-East Europe – Biodiversity (GIZ/ORF-BD), as part of its sub-project „Regional Network for Biodiversity Information Management and Reporting (BIMR), funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and implemented by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH.

This dataset contains point features depicting mountains, peaks, mountain ranges and hills and their names. Ranges are located with a point or series of points in the approximate vicinity of the feature.

Mountain data originated from 1:250,000 scale AUSLIG supplied topographic data (repromats). Corrections were made to locate the points accurately to the 1:100,000 scale National Topographic Map Series. Georeferenced Topographic Maps are dated 1966.

This dataset consists of a 90 KB point shapefile containing 344 features.

95% of points within the Mountains coverage were located to the 1:100,000 scale Topographic maps Series. Some smaller hills, mountains and ranges shown on the 1:100,000 scale Topographic map Series, not in the original source data, have not been included in this dataset. 90% of the points are within +/- 50 metres of true position.

Data reproduced with permission of Wet Tropics Management Authority

This metadata was prepared for the eAtlas and is not authoritative. Please contact the Wet Tropics Management Authority for an authoritative record.

This data set provides air temperature (1.5 m above ground surface) data from the Kanchanjunga Himal, eastern Nepal. Air temperature was monitored from November 1998 to November 1999 at three locations (Tengkoma, Lhonak, and Ghunsa) at altitudes of 3410, 4750 and 6012 m ASL. Although temperature was measured at one-hour intervals, only daily mean values are provided.

High Altitude Tent Market Outlook

The global high altitude tent market size was valued at approximately USD 800 million in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 1.2 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 4.5% during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to the increasing popularity of outdoor recreational activities and the rising interest in mountaineering and hiking. The demand for high altitude tents is also being driven by advancements in tent materials and designs that offer improved durability and weather resistance.

The growing enthusiasm for outdoor adventure sports is a significant factor boosting the high altitude tent market. With more people seeking thrilling experiences, such as mountaineering, trekking, and camping, the need for high-quality, reliable tents has surged. Additionally, the rise in disposable income and the trend of experiential travel have led to an increased expenditure on adventure gear, further propelling the market growth. Moreover, governments in various countries are promoting outdoor tourism, which indirectly supports the high altitude tent market. For instance, numerous national parks and protected areas are now more accessible, encouraging more people to venture into high-altitude terrains.

Technological advancements in tent materials and designs are another pivotal growth factor for the market. Modern high altitude tents are now being manufactured with lightweight yet robust materials such as ripstop nylon and polyester. These materials not only enhance the durability of the tents but also make them more portable. Additionally, innovations such as double-wall construction, improved ventilation systems, and easy-to-assemble designs have made high altitude tents more user-friendly. This continuous improvement in product offerings is attracting both seasoned adventurers and novices, driving the market's growth.

The increasing application of high altitude tents in military operations is also a significant growth driver. Military forces operating in high-altitude regions require specialized tents that can withstand extreme weather conditions and provide adequate shelter. The demand for such high-performance tents is rising as countries invest in strengthening their defense capabilities. Furthermore, military modernization programs in various regions are expected to contribute significantly to the market's expansion. The integration of advanced features like better insulation, camouflage, and rapid deployment mechanisms in military tents is making them indispensable for high-altitude missions.

From a regional perspective, the demand for high altitude tents is robust in regions such as North America and Europe, where outdoor recreational activities are highly popular. The presence of numerous mountain ranges and national parks in these regions fosters a strong market for high altitude tents. In contrast, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by an increasing interest in adventure tourism and significant investments in outdoor recreational infrastructure. Countries like India, China, and Nepal, with their vast mountainous terrains, are emerging as key markets for high altitude tents.

Product Type Analysis

The high altitude tent market can be segmented by product type into mountaineering tents, expedition tents, backpacking tents, and others. Mountaineering tents are specifically designed to withstand extreme weather conditions encountered at high altitudes, such as heavy snowfall and strong winds. They are typically made from high-strength materials and feature advanced designs to ensure maximum stability. This segment has seen substantial growth as more individuals and groups embark on challenging mountaineering expeditions. The demand for mountaineering tents is particularly high among professional climbers and adventure tour operators.

Expedition tents, another critical segment, are engineered for extended stays in remote and high-altitude locations. These tents are larger and offer more space and comfort compared to mountaineering tents. They are designed to accommodate more occupants and equipment, making them ideal for scientific research teams, military operations, and long-term expedition groups. The growth of this segment is driven by an increase in scientific exploration activities and military presence in high-altitude areas. Moreover, the incorporation of innovative features such as multi-layer insulation and enhanced ventilation systems has made expedition tents more appealing to a broader user base.