The states with the highest rates of HIV diagnoses in 2022 included Georgia, Louisiana, and Florida. However, the states with the highest number of people with HIV were Texas, California, and Florida. In Texas, there were around 4,896 people diagnosed with HIV. HIV/AIDS diagnoses In 2022, there were an estimated 38,043 new HIV diagnoses in the United States, a slight increase compared to the year before. Men account for the majority of these new diagnoses. There are currently around 1.2 million people living with HIV in the United States. Deaths from HIV The death rate from HIV has decreased significantly over the past few decades. In 2023, there were only 1.3 deaths from HIV per 100,000 population, the lowest rate since the epidemic began. However, the death rate varies greatly depending on race or ethnicity, with the death rate from HIV for African Americans reaching 19.2 per 100,000 population in 2022, compared to just three deaths per 100,000 among the white population.

Among all countries worldwide those in sub-Saharan Africa have the highest rates of HIV. The countries with the highest rates of HIV include Eswatini, South Africa, and Lesotho. In 2024, Eswatini had the highest prevalence of HIV with a rate of around ** percent. Other countries, such as Zimbabwe, have significantly decreased their HIV prevalence. Community-based HIV services are considered crucial to the prevention and treatment of HIV. HIV Worldwide The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection that is transmitted via exposure to infected semen, blood, vaginal and anal fluids, and breast milk. HIV destroys the human immune system, rendering the host unable to fight off secondary infections. Globally, the number of people living with HIV has generally increased over the past two decades. However, the number of HIV-related deaths has decreased significantly in recent years. Despite being a serious illness that affects millions of people, medication exists that effectively manages the progression of the virus in the body. These medications are called antiretroviral drugs. HIV Treatment Generally, global access to antiretroviral treatment has increased. However, despite being available worldwide, not all adults have access to antiretroviral drugs. There are many different antiretroviral drugs available on the market. As of 2024, ********, an antiretroviral marketed by Gilead, was the leading HIV treatment based on revenue.

The average for 2022 based on 135 countries was 1.66 percent. The highest value was in Swaziland: 25.9 percent and the lowest value was in Afghanistan: 0.1 percent. The indicator is available from 1990 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

As of 2024, South Africa was the country with the highest number of people living with HIV in Africa. At that time, around 7.8 million people in South Africa were HIV positive. In Mozambique, the country with the second-highest number of HIV-positive people in Africa, around 2.5 million people were living with HIV. Which country in Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV? Although South Africa has the highest total number of people living with HIV in Africa, it does not have the highest prevalence of HIV on the continent. Eswatini currently has the highest prevalence of HIV in Africa and worldwide, with almost 26 percent of the population living with HIV. South Africa has the third-highest prevalence, with around 18 percent of the population HIV positive. Eswatini also has the highest rate of new HIV infections per 1,000 population worldwide, followed by South Africa and Mozambique. However, South Africa had the highest total number of new HIV infections in 2024, with around 170,000 people newly infected with HIV that year. Deaths from HIV in Africa Thanks to advances in treatment and awareness, HIV/AIDS no longer contributes to a significant amount of death in many countries. However, the disease is still the eighth leading cause of death in Africa, accounting for around 4.6 percent of all deaths. In 2024, South Africa and Mozambique were the countries with the highest number of AIDS-related deaths worldwide, with 53,000 and 44,000 such deaths, respectively. Although not every country in the leading 25 for AIDS-related deaths is found in Africa, African countries account for the majority of countries on the list. Fortunately, HIV treatment has become more accessible in Africa over the years, and now up to 94 percent of people living with HIV in Eswatini are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Access to ART does vary from country to country, however, with around 81 percent of people who are HIV positive in South Africa receiving ART and only 34 percent in the Congo.

In 2022, the states with the highest number of HIV diagnoses were Texas, California, and Florida. That year, there were a total of around 37,601 HIV diagnoses in the United States. Of these, 4,896 were diagnosed in Texas. HIV infections have been decreasing globally for many years. In the year 2000, there were 2.8 million new infections worldwide, but this number had decreased to around 1.3 million new infections by 2023. The number of people living with HIV remains fairly steady, but the number of those that have died due to AIDS has reached some of its lowest peaks in a decade. Currently, there is no functional cure for HIV or AIDS, but improvements in therapies and treatments have enabled those living with HIV to have a much improved quality of life.

In 2024, the number of diagnosed HIV cases in Mexico amounted to approximately 19,000. That year, the State of Mexico, Veracruz, and Mexico City were the federative entities with the highest number of people diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with more than 1,000 patients each. Moreover, most registered HIV cases in the Latin American country between 1984 and 2023 corresponded to men. People living with HIV in Latin America In the last few years, the number of people living with HIV in Latin America has been increasing. According to recent estimates, the number of individuals living with this condition rose from around 1.6 million in 2013 to almost 2.2 million by 2022. From a country perspective, Brazil and Mexico were the Latin American nations where most people were living with the disease, reaching approximately 990,000 and 370,000 patients, respectively. ART is more costly in Latin America HIV is commonly treated through antiretroviral therapy (ART), a drug-based treatment aimed at reducing the viral load in the blood to help control the development of the disease while improving the health of those infected. Although the share of deaths among people living with HIV due to causes unrelated to AIDS increased globally since 2010, there are still inequalities in the access to ART therapy. As of 2022, Latin America and the Caribbean recorded the highest average price per person for HIV antiretroviral therapy compared to other regions worldwide.

By 2025, an estimated 15.9 U.S. dollars in HIV resources will be needed per person in Eastern and Southern Africa, far greater than any other region in the world. It is hardly surprising as this region has the highest prevalence of HIV in the world, despite improvements. This statistic shows the HIV resource needs of low- and middle-income countries per capita worldwide in 2025, by region.

BackgroundDespite expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), most of the estimated 2.3 to 2.5 million HIV-infected individuals in India remain undiagnosed. The questions of whom to test for HIV and at what frequency remain unclear.MethodsWe used a simulation model of HIV testing and treatment to examine alternative HIV screening strategies: 1) current practice, 2) one-time, 3) every five years, and 4) annually; and we applied these strategies to three population scenarios: 1) the general Indian population (“national population”), i.e. base case (HIV prevalence 0.29%; incidence 0.032/100 person-years [PY]); 2) high-prevalence districts (HIV prevalence 0.8%; incidence 0.088/100 PY), and 3) high-risk groups (HIV prevalence 5.0%; incidence 0.552/100 PY). Cohort characteristics reflected Indians reporting for HIV testing, with a median age of 35 years, 66% men, and a mean CD4 count of 305 cells/µl. The cost of a rapid HIV test was $3.33. Outcomes included life expectancy, HIV-related direct medical costs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and secondary transmission benefits. The threshold for “cost-effective” was defined as 3x the annual per capita GDP of India ($3,900/year of life saved [YLS]), or for “very cost-effective” was <1x the annual per capita GDP ($1,300/YLS).ResultsCompared to current practice, one-time screening was very cost-effective in the national population (ICER: $1,100/YLS), high-prevalence districts (ICER: $800/YLS), and high-risk groups (ICER: $800/YLS). Screening every five years in the national population (ICER: $1,900/YLS) and annual screening in high-prevalence districts (ICER: $1,900/YLS) and high-risk groups (ICER: $1,800/YLS) were also cost-effective. Results were most sensitive to costs of care and linkage-to-care.ConclusionsIn India, voluntary HIV screening of the national population every five years offers substantial clinical benefit and is cost-effective. Annual screening is cost-effective among high-risk groups and in high-prevalence districts nationally. Routine HIV screening in India should be implemented.

In 2024, South Africa and Mozambique had the highest number of deaths due to AIDS worldwide, with around ** thousand and ** thousand such deaths, respectively. African countries account for eight of the top 10 countries with the highest number of AIDS-related deaths worldwide. AIDS-related deaths worldwide have been gradually declining over the past decade, decreasing from *** million deaths in 2010 to *** thousand deaths in 2024. HIV/AIDS HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is an infectious sexually transmitted disease that is transmitted via exposure to infected semen, blood, vaginal and anal fluids and breast milk. HIV weakens the human immune system, resulting in the affected person being unable to fight off opportunistic infections. The top 15 countries worldwide with the highest prevalence of new HIV infections as of 2024 were all African. HIV treatment Although there is currently no effective cure for HIV, death can be prevented by taking HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART). Access to antiretroviral therapy worldwide has significantly increased in the past decade. As of 2024, around **** million people with HIV worldwide were receiving ART. The countries with the highest percentage of HIV-infected children who were receiving ART were Eswatini, Kenya, and Lesotho.

BackgroundThere are hardly any data about the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of ICU-associated A.baumannii colonisation/infection in HIV-infected and uninfected persons from resource-poor settings like Africa. MethodsWe reviewed the case records of patients with A.baumannii colonisation/infection admitted into the adult respiratory and surgical ICUs in Cape Town, South Africa, from January 1 to December 31 2008. In contrast to colonisation, infection was defined as isolation of A.baumannii from any biological site in conjunction with a compatible clinical picture warranting treatment with antibiotics effective against A.baumannii. ResultsThe incidence of A.baumannii colonisation/infection in 268 patients was 15 per 100 person-years, with an in-ICU mortality of 26.5 per 100 person-years. The average length of stay in ICU was 15 days (range 1–150). A.baumannii was most commonly isolated from the respiratory tract followed by the bloodstream. Independent predictors of mortality included older age (p = 0.02), low CD4 count if HIV-infected (p = 0.038), surgical intervention (p = 0.047), co-morbid Gram-negative sepsis (p = 0.01), high APACHE-II score (p = 0.001), multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (p = 0.012), and a positive blood culture for A.baumannii (p = 0.017). Of 21 A.baumannii colonised/infected HIV-positive persons those with clinical AIDS (CD4<200 cells/mm3) had significantly higher in-ICU mortality and were more likely to have a positive blood culture. Conclusion In this resource-poor setting A.baumannii infection in critically ill patients is common and associated with high mortality. HIV co-infected patients with advanced immunosuppression are at higher risk of death.

ObjectivesIdentifying prescribing strategies that improve the efficiency of PrEP should increase its impact at the population level. This study identifies PrEP allocation criteria that most effectively reduce 10-year HIV incidence by 25%, in accordance with the US National HIV/AIDS Strategy’s goal for the proportionate reduction in new diagnoses.MethodsWe used a discrete-time stochastic agent-based model to simulate several PrEP engagement strategies. The model represented MSM aged 15–74 in Rhode Island and was calibrated to statewide prevalence from 2009–2014. We simulated HIV transmission in the absence of PrEP and compared the following PrEP engagement scenarios: 1) allocation to the current patient population; 2) random allocation; 3) allocation to MSM with greater than 5 sexual partners in one year; 4) allocation to MSM with greater than 10 sexual partners in one year.For each scenario and coverage level we estimated the number and proportion of infections averted and the person-years on PrEP per averted infection.ResultsIn 2014, HIV prevalence before PrEP implementation was between 4% and 5%. In the No PrEP scenario 826 new infections (95% simulation limits [SL]: 711, 955) occurred over 10 years, with an incidence rate of 3.51 per 1000 person-years (95% SL: 3.00, 4.08). Prevalence rose to 7.4% (95% SL: 6.7, 8.1). None of the PrEP scenarios reduced new HIV infections by 25% while covering less than 15% of the HIV-uninfected population. At 15% coverage, allocating PrEP to the current patient population, MSM with greater than 5 sexual partners in a year, and MSM with greater than 10 partners reduced new infections by at least 25%, requiring 161 (95% SL: 115, 289), 150 (95% SL: 107, 252), and 128 (95% SL: 100, 184) person-years on PrEP per averted infection, respectively.ConclusionsEngaging MSM with high numbers of sexual partners would improve the population-level impact and efficiency of PrEP in settings where PrEP coverage remains low. However, the sustained population-level PrEP coverage needed to reduce new infections by 25% is substantially higher than current levels of PrEP uptake.

This horizontal bar chart displays incidence of HIV (per 1,000 uninfected population) by capital city using the aggregation average, weighted by population in Africa. The data is about countries.

ART is antiretroviral treatment. GNI is gross national income. MRY: most recent year is 2009, 2008 or 2007. PEPFAR is the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. PLWH is person living with HIV/AIDS; pc is per capita. Resource needs per prevalent case for ART and non-ART do not exactly add to total HIV Resource Need, because these are medians, not means.Of PEPFAR’s 15 initial focus countries, Guyana, Ethiopia, Haiti and Tanzania were not included in our analysis because of insufficient data on predictor variables. For Egypt, the resource need estimate used excludes an implausibly high HIV counseling and testing (HCT) cost line item in the UNAIDS Investment Framework, which would imply a total national resource need of over $1.4 billion, to instead assume a more plausible $39.4 million total need. For the estimated gap, we used the maximum between expected domestic contribution and actual domestic contribution within each country.

This horizontal bar chart displays incidence of HIV (per 1,000 uninfected population) by capital city using the aggregation average, weighted by population in Caribbean. The data is about countries.

This horizontal bar chart displays incidence of HIV (per 1,000 uninfected population) by capital city using the aggregation average, weighted by population in Eastern Asia. The data is about countries.

BackgroundMonitoring the HIV epidemic in a defined population is critical for planning treatment and preventive strategies. This is especially important in sub-Saharan Africa, which harbours the highest burden of the disease.ObjectiveTo estimate HIV incidence in adults aged 18-47 years old and to investigate spatial variations of HIV prevalence in Manhiça, a semi-rural area of southern Mozambique.MethodsTwo cross-sectional community-based surveys were conducted in 2010 and 2012 to determine HIV prevalence. Individual participants were randomly selected from the demographic surveillance system in place in the area and voluntary HIV counselling and testing was offered at the household level. HIV incidence was calculated using prevalence estimates from the two sero-surveys. Each participant’s household was geocoded using a global information system. The Spatial Scan Statistics programme was used to identify areas with disproportionate excess in HIV prevalence.ResultsA total of 1511 adults were tested. The estimated HIV prevalence in the community was 39.9% in 2010 and 39.7% in 2012. The overall HIV incidence was 3.6 new infections per 100 person-years at risk (PYAR) [95CI 1.56; 7.88], assuming stable epidemic conditions, and tended to be higher in women (4.9/100 PYAR [95CI 1.74; 11.85]) than in men (3.2/PYAR [95CI 1.36; 9.92]). One cluster with significant excess HIV prevalence was identified at the same geographic location in both surveys. This cluster had an HIV prevalence of 79.0% in 2010 and 52.3% in 2012.ConclusionsThe findings of these first individually-randomised community-HIV sero-surveys conducted in Mozambique reinforce the need to combine HIV incidence estimates and research on micro geographical infection patterns to guide and consolidate effective prevention strategies.

Regional average costs per person reached (in 2015 USD $).

BackgroundIn 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in priority countries with high HIV prevalence and low male circumcision (MC) prevalence. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), an estimated 5.8 million males had undergone VMMC by the end of 2013. Implementation experience has raised questions about the need to refocus VMMC programs on specific subpopulations for the greatest epidemiological impact and programmatic effectiveness. As Malawi prepared its national operational plan for VMMC, it sought to examine the impacts of focusing on specific subpopulations by age and region.MethodsWe used the Decision Makers’ Program Planning Toolkit, Version 2.0, to study the impact of scaling up VMMC to different target populations of Malawi. National MC prevalence by age group from the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey was scaled according to the MC prevalence for each district and then halved, to adjust for over-reporting of circumcision. In-country stakeholders advised a VMMC unit cost of $100, based on implementation experience. We derived a cost of $451 per patient-year for antiretroviral therapy from costs collected as part of a strategic planning exercise previously conducted in- country by UNAIDS.ResultsOver a fifteen-year period, circumcising males ages 10–29 would avert 75% of HIV infections, and circumcising males ages 10–34 would avert 88% of infections, compared to the current strategy of circumcising males ages 15–49. The Ministry of Health’s South West and South East health zones had the lowest cost per HIV infection averted. Moreover, VMMC met WHO’s definition of cost-effectiveness (that is, the cost per disability-adjusted life-year [DALY] saved was less than three times the per capita gross domestic product) in all health zones except Central East. Comparing urban versus rural areas in the country, we found that circumcising men in urban areas would be both cost-effective and cost-saving, with a VMMC cost per DALY saved of $120 USD and with 15 years of VMMC implementation resulting in lifetime HIV treatment costs savings of $331 million USD.ConclusionsBased on the age analyses and programmatic experience, Malawi’s VMMC operational plan focuses on males ages 10–34 in all districts in the South East and South West zones, as well as Lilongwe (an urban district in the Central zone). This plan covers 14 of the 28 districts in the country.

BackgroundViral load (VL) is a strong predictor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high baseline VL on antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes among HIV-infected patients.MethodsThis retrospective study observed HIV-infected patients who had baseline VL test at ART initiation between 2015 and 2019 in Chongqing, China. Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effects of baseline VL on Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related mortality and virologic failure, respectively.ResultsThe cohort included 7,176 HIV-infected patients, of whom 38.7% had a baseline VL ≥ 100,000 copies/mL. Of the patients who died during follow-up, 58.9% had a baseline VL ≥ 100,000 copies/mL. Compared with a baseline VL < 10,000 copies/mL, ART initiation at VL ≥ 100,000 copies/mL was significantly associated with the AIDS-related death (adjusted hazard ratio, AHR = 1.4) and virologic failure (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 2.4). Compared with patients with a baseline VL < 10,000 copies/mL, patients on the recommended first-line regimen with a VL ≥ 100,000 copies/mL at ART initiaition had higher mortality rate (5.1 vs. 1.7 per 100 person-years), but there was no significant difference in the mortality accoding to the initial VL level among patients on second-line ART (2.8 vs. 2.7 per 100 person-years). ART initiation ≤ 30 days after HIV diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of AIDS-related death (AHR = 0.6).ConclusionsART initiation with VL ≥ 100,000 copies/mL was associated with a significantly greater risk of mortality and virologic failure. Optimizing the ART regimen and initiating ART early may help to reduce mortality effectively among patients with a high baseline VL. VL testing for all HIV patients is recommended at HIV diagnosis or on ART initiation.

This horizontal bar chart displays incidence of HIV (per 1,000 uninfected population) by capital city using the aggregation average, weighted by population in the Americas. The data is filtered where the date is 2021. The data is about countries per year.