In 2023, the absolute minimum daily air temperature in Singapore was at 21.7 degrees Celsius. Singapore has a tropical climate, with a relatively constant temperature range all year round. Within the past 10 years, the lowest temperature recorded in Singapore was in the year 2014, with 21.1 degrees.

In 2023, the mean maximum daily air temperature in Singapore was 31.9 degrees Celsius. This was a rise of more than one degree since 1960. The last three decades have seen the maximum daily air temperature in Singapore constantly above 31 degrees, reflecting a concerning trend in the country's climate. Singapore is heating up The increase in Singapore’s air temperatures is also reflected in the mean minimum daily air temperature. Since 1960, this value has increased by two degrees, to 25.7 degrees Celsius. The rising temperatures could be attributed to the urban heat island effect. Singapore has undergone rapid urbanization, transforming the island into a sprawling concrete jungle. This resulted in a decrease in natural vegetation cover and an increase in urban materials, such as black asphalt and concrete, that trap and reflect heat. Singaporeans are worried about rising temperatures The rise in temperatures has not gone unnoticed by Singaporeans, who are increasingly concerned about climate change. Moreover, a survey on global issues indicated that 70 percent of Singaporeans believed that there would likely be more extreme weather events in 2023 than in 2022, surpassing the global average in their conviction. To try and mitigate climate change, the government of Singapore has set a target of reducing greenhouse emissions by 36 percent from 2005 levels by 2030. However, it remains to be seen how attainable this goal is, especially since Singapore’s greenhouse gas emissions reached a seven-year high in 2021.

In 2023, the mean minimum daily temperature in Singapore amounted to 25.7 degrees Celsius. The mean minimum daily temperature in Singapore had increased by close to two degrees since 1960.

In 2021, the average temperature in Singapore was 27.74 degrees Celsius, slightly lower than the previous year. The annual average temperature in Singapore has risen steadily during the measured period.

Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Air Temp: Absolute Extremes Max data was reported at 34.500 Degrees Celsius in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 33.000 Degrees Celsius for Sep 2018. Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Air Temp: Absolute Extremes Max data is updated monthly, averaging 33.200 Degrees Celsius from Jan 1975 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 526 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.000 Degrees Celsius in Mar 1998 and a record low of 31.300 Degrees Celsius in Dec 1983. Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Air Temp: Absolute Extremes Max data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.G076: Environment Statistics.

In 2023, the annual relative humidity in Singapore amounted to approximately 37 percent, indicating a slight decrease from the previous year. Singapore is a country with a tropical climate, meaning that it has a relatively constant temperature range all year round.

The stratified nature of tropical forest structure had been noted by early explorers, but until recent use of satellite-based LiDAR (GEDI, or Global Ecosystems Dynamics Investigation LiDAR), it was not possible to quantify stratification across all tropical forests. Understanding stratification is important because by some estimates, a majority of the world’s species inhabit tropical forest canopies. Stratification can modify vertical microenvironment, and thus can affect a species’ susceptibility to anthropogenic climate change. Here we find that, based on analyzing each GEDI 25m diameter footprint in tropical forests (after screening for human impact), most footprints (60-90%) do not have multiple layers of vegetation. The most common forest structure has a minimum plant area index (PAI) at ~40m followed by an increase in PAI until ~15m followed by a decline in PAI to the ground layer (described hereafter as a one peak footprint). There are large geographic patterns to forest structure within the Amazon basin (ranging between 60–90% one peak) and between the Amazon (79 ± 9 % sd) and SE Asia or Africa (72 ± 14 % v 73 ±11 %). The number of canopy layers is significantly correlated with tree height (r2=0.12) and forest biomass (r2=0.14). Environmental variables such as maximum temperature (Tmax) (r2=0.05), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (r2=0.03) and soil fertility proxies (e.g. total cation exchange capacity - r2=0.01) were also statistically significant but less strongly correlated given the complex and heterogeneous local structural to regional climatic interactions. Certain boundaries, like the Pebas Formation and Ecoregions, clearly delineate continental scale structural changes. More broadly, deviation from more ideal conditions (e.g. lower fertility or higher temperatures) leads to shorter, less stratified forests with lower biomass.

Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Maximum Rainfall in a Day data was reported at 60.600 mm in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 45.000 mm for Sep 2018. Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Maximum Rainfall in a Day data is updated monthly, averaging 44.500 mm from Jan 1975 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 526 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 512.400 mm in Dec 1978 and a record low of 0.200 mm in Feb 2014. Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Maximum Rainfall in a Day data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.G076: Environment Statistics.

Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: 24 Hours Mean Relative Humidity data was reported at 79.700 % in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 77.100 % for Sep 2018. Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: 24 Hours Mean Relative Humidity data is updated monthly, averaging 83.600 % from Jan 1975 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 526 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 91.100 % in Nov 1979 and a record low of 72.000 % in Oct 2016. Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: 24 Hours Mean Relative Humidity data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.G076: Environment Statistics.

Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: % of Total Environmental Related Tax Revenue: Pollution data was reported at 0.000 % in 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2020. Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: % of Total Environmental Related Tax Revenue: Pollution data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2021. Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: % of Total Environmental Related Tax Revenue: Pollution data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: Cross Cutting Domains: Non OECD Member: Annual.

Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Number of Rainy Days data was reported at 18.000 Number in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.000 Number for Sep 2018. Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Number of Rainy Days data is updated monthly, averaging 14.000 Number from Jan 1975 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 526 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.000 Number in Jan 2018 and a record low of 1.000 Number in Feb 2014. Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Number of Rainy Days data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.G076: Environment Statistics.

Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: % of GDP: Energy data was reported at 0.164 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.195 % for 2021. Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: % of GDP: Energy data is updated yearly, averaging 0.146 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2022, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.195 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.106 % in 2014. Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: % of GDP: Energy data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: Cross Cutting Domains: Non OECD Member: Annual.

Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD data was reported at 765.595 USD mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 825.094 USD mn for 2021. Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD data is updated yearly, averaging 333.870 USD mn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2022, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 825.094 USD mn in 2021 and a record low of 223.865 USD mn in 2005. Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: Cross Cutting Domains: Non OECD Member: Annual.

Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Bright Sunshine Daily Mean Hours data was reported at 6.100 Hour in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.000 Hour for Sep 2018. Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Bright Sunshine Daily Mean Hours data is updated monthly, averaging 5.600 Hour from Jan 1975 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 526 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.300 Hour in Feb 1983 and a record low of 2.700 Hour in Dec 1983. Singapore Air Temp & Sunshine: Bright Sunshine Daily Mean Hours data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.G076: Environment Statistics.

Singapore Climate change: Tax Revenue per Capita: 2015 PPP: Resources data was reported at 0.000 USD in 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD for 2020. Singapore Climate change: Tax Revenue per Capita: 2015 PPP: Resources data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD in 2021 and a record low of 0.000 USD in 2021. Singapore Climate change: Tax Revenue per Capita: 2015 PPP: Resources data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: Cross Cutting Domains: Non OECD Member: Annual.

Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD: 2015 PPP: Pollution data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2020. Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD: 2015 PPP: Pollution data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2021 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2021. Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD: 2015 PPP: Pollution data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: Cross Cutting Domains: Non OECD Member: Annual.

Singapore Climate change: Tax Revenue per Capita: 2015 PPP data was reported at 238.974 USD in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 279.623 USD for 2021. Singapore Climate change: Tax Revenue per Capita: 2015 PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 137.678 USD from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2022, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 279.623 USD in 2021 and a record low of 126.754 USD in 2013. Singapore Climate change: Tax Revenue per Capita: 2015 PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: Cross Cutting Domains: Non OECD Member: Annual.

Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD: Resources data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2020. Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD: Resources data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2021 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2021. Singapore Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD: Resources data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: Cross Cutting Domains: Non OECD Member: Annual.