The highest city in the world with a population of more than one million is La Paz. The Capital of Bolivia sits ***** meters above sea level, and is more than 1,000 meters higher than the second-ranked city, Quito. La Paz is also higher than Mt. Fuji in Japan, which has a height of 3,776 meters. Many of the world's largest cities are located in South America. The only city in North America that makes the top 20 list is Denver, Colorado, which has an altitude of ***** meters.

N’Djamena was the most polluted capital city in the world in 2024, with an average annual PM2.5 concentration of nearly ** micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m³). PM2.5 particulate matter concentrations in the Chad capital were over ** times higher than the World Health Organizations PM2.5 guideline of 5 μg/m³. New Delhi followed closely in second place, with PM2.5 levels of **** μg/m³. Sources of PM2.5 PM2. 5 refers to atmospheric particulate matter that have a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers. There are many sources of PM2.5 emissions, including road transport, industrial activities, crop burning, and energy industries. Domestic combustion, such as burning wood for fuel, is also a major source of PM2.5 emissions. As a result, PM2.5 concentrations are typically higher in developing countries. Health impacts of air pollution Exposure to high levels of PM2.5 increases the likelihood of heart and lung problems, and can lead to premature death. Air pollution is one of the leading causes of premature deaths worldwide, cutting millions of lives short every year. Although the highest number of annual air pollution-related deaths are observed in East Asia and Pacific, the health and lives of people in all regions of the world are at risk from harmful pollutants like PM2.5.

🌍 Global Capitals Real-time Weather Data (2025)

This dataset contains real-time and near real-time weather observations for 195 world capitals, collected throughout September and October 2025.

Each row corresponds to one weather observation in both UTC and local time. The dataset will be updated monthly with new data from subsequent months.

📊 Dataset Overview

🗺️ Coverage

• Geographic: 195 capital cities across all continents
• Temporal: September and October 2025
• Update frequency: Monthly (new data added every month)

💡 Applications

• Weather monitoring dashboards 🌦️
• Climate visualization and analytics 🌍
• Machine learning model training for forecasting 🤖
• Educational purposes in meteorology and data science 📘

⚙️ Technical Notes

• Units: Metric (°C, m/s, hPa)
• Missing values: Empty cells (not NaN strings)
• Encoding: UTF-8
• Format: CSV

📈 Update Schedule

The dataset is updated every month, adding new CSV data for the latest period.
For example: - v1 → September–October 2025
- v2 → Add November 2025 data
- v3 → Add December 2025 data

All updates will appear in the Versions tab.

⚖️ License

CC BY 4.0 — Attribution required
You are free to share and adapt this dataset, provided that proper credit is given.

✍️ Author

Created and maintained by Lê Duy Hải (@lduyhi)
Automatically collected and processed via PythonAnywhere scripts.

🌍 Global Capitals Daily Weather (Open-Meteo)

License: CC BY 4.0

🧭 Overview

This dataset provides daily weather summaries for national capital cities worldwide, automatically updated each day from the free Open-Meteo API.

Each record contains temperature extremes, precipitation totals, wind data, and daylight information for one capital on one date.

⚙️ Update Process

• The data is collected by a Kaggle Notebook scheduled to run daily (~06:00 UTC).
• Each run fetches yesterday’s data from Open-Meteo, appends it to the cumulative history, and republishes a new dataset version.
• No raw or intermediate files are kept — only the three clean output files below.

📁 Files

🧾 Schema (for history.parquet and history_latest.csv)

📡 Data Sources

• Weather: Open-Meteo — free weather API (CC BY 4.0)
• Capital coordinates: Wikidata — open geographic data (CC0 1.0)

⚖️ License & Attribution

This dataset is released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

Please credit:

Weather data © Open-Meteo (CC BY 4.0)
Capital metadata © Wikidata contributors (CC0 1.0)
Compiled and processed by [wafaaelhusseini]

🧩 Citation

[Your Name or Kaggle handle] (2025).
Global Capitals Daily Weather (Open-Meteo). Kaggle Datasets.

https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wafaaelhusseini/daily-global-capitals-weather-data/

🔖 Tags

weather climate time-series global capitals daily open-data

Source

The data file is from https://simplemaps.com/data/world-cities.

Sarajevo was the most polluted capital city in Europe in 2024, with an average PM2.5 concentration of **** micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m³). This level of air pollution was roughly six times higher than World Health Organization guidelines. The second most polluted capital city in Europe that year was Skopje, North Macedonia, with an average PM2.5 concentration of **** μg/m³.
How bad is air pollution in Europe? Poor air quality is a major issue in Europe, particularly in cities. In fact, more than ** percent of the EU urban population were exposed to PM2.5 concentrations above WHO guidelines in 2021. Average annual PM2.5 levels in populated European cities like Rome, Berlin, and Paris are often double recommended limits. Sources of particulate matter emissions There are several sources of PM2.5 emissions in the European Union, including transportation, energy supply, and agriculture, but the biggest contributor is the residential, commercial, and institutional sector. While PM2.5 emissions from other sectors have fallen notably since the turn of the century, residential, commercial, and institutional emissions have seen little change.

Motorcycle: Retail Sales: Gasoline: by Capital City: Central West: Brasilia data was reported at 6,871.000 Unit in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8,133.000 Unit for 2013. Motorcycle: Retail Sales: Gasoline: by Capital City: Central West: Brasilia data is updated yearly, averaging 8,133.000 Unit from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2014, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9,027.000 Unit in 2012 and a record low of 6,871.000 Unit in 2014. Motorcycle: Retail Sales: Gasoline: by Capital City: Central West: Brasilia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Association of Motorcycle, Moped, and Bicycle Manufacturers. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Automobile Sector – Table BR.RAM012: Motorcycle Retail Sales: Gasoline: by Capital City. Two Wheels: Tricycle, quad biking, Motorcycle and Moped.

In 2025, approximately 23 million people lived in the São Paulo metropolitan area, making it the biggest in Latin America and the Caribbean and the sixth most populated in the world. The homonymous state of São Paulo was also the most populous federal entity in the country. The second place for the region was Mexico City with 22.75 million inhabitants. Brazil's cities Brazil is home to two large metropolises, only counting the population within the city limits, São Paulo had approximately 11.45 million inhabitants, and Rio de Janeiro around 6.21 million inhabitants. It also contains a number of smaller, but well known cities such as Brasília, Salvador, Belo Horizonte and many others, which report between 2 and 3 million inhabitants each. As a result, the country's population is primarily urban, with nearly 88 percent of inhabitants living in cities. Mexico City Mexico City's metropolitan area ranks sevenths in the ranking of most populated cities in the world. Founded over the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan in 1521 after the Spanish conquest as the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the city still stands as one of the most important in Latin America. Nevertheless, the preeminent economic, political, and cultural position of Mexico City has not prevented the metropolis from suffering the problems affecting the rest of the country, namely, inequality and violence. Only in 2023, the city registered a crime incidence of 52,723 reported cases for every 100,000 inhabitants and around 24 percent of the population lived under the poverty line.

United States - Capital transfers paid, by the rest of the world was 0.00000 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Capital transfers paid, by the rest of the world reached a record high of 15.38000 in January of 2005 and a record low of 0.00000 in January of 1990. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Capital transfers paid, by the rest of the world - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

Museums allow people all over the globe to explore culture, art, history, science and more unusual interests. Some cities are unsurprisingly home to more museums than others. As of May 2019, Paris was crowned the museum capital of the world, accounting for *** museums. Following hot on the French capital's heels was Moscow with *** museums.

Brazil Motorcycle Retail Sales: by Capital City: Southeast: Rio de Janeiro data was reported at 16,018.000 Unit in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16,223.000 Unit for 2016. Brazil Motorcycle Retail Sales: by Capital City: Southeast: Rio de Janeiro data is updated yearly, averaging 24,026.500 Unit from Dec 2006 (Median) to 2017, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31,618.000 Unit in 2014 and a record low of 16,018.000 Unit in 2017. Brazil Motorcycle Retail Sales: by Capital City: Southeast: Rio de Janeiro data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Association of Motorcycle, Moped, and Bicycle Manufacturers. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Automobile Sector – Table BR.RAM009: Motorcycle Retail Sales: by Capital City. Two Wheels: Tricycle, quad biking, Motorcycle and Moped.

Morocco National Capital Account: Resources: Net Capital Transfers from Rest of World data was reported at -42.700 MAD mn in 2005. This records an increase from the previous number of -70.700 MAD mn for 2004. Morocco National Capital Account: Resources: Net Capital Transfers from Rest of World data is updated yearly, averaging 170.000 MAD mn from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2005, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 639.300 MAD mn in 1996 and a record low of -101.100 MAD mn in 2001. Morocco National Capital Account: Resources: Net Capital Transfers from Rest of World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by High Commission for Planning. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Morocco – Table MA.A047: SNA 1968: National Capital Account.

United States - Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments: Rest of the world was 477.69900 Bil. of $ in April of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments: Rest of the world reached a record high of 550.08800 in April of 2019 and a record low of 0.99200 in October of 1949. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments: Rest of the world - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

United States - Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments: Receipts from the rest of the world was 1005.84300 Bil. of $ in January of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments: Receipts from the rest of the world reached a record high of 1005.84300 in January of 2024 and a record low of 1.55400 in January of 1949. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments: Receipts from the rest of the world - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

In 2025, Moscow was the largest city in Europe with an estimated urban agglomeration of 12.74 million people. The French capital, Paris, was the second largest city in 2025 at 11.35 million, followed by the capitals of the United Kingdom and Spain, with London at 9.84 million and Madrid at 6.81 million people. Istanbul, which would otherwise be the largest city in Europe in 2025, is excluded as it is only partially in Europe, with a sizeable part of its population living in Asia. Europe’s population is almost 750 million Since 1950, the population of Europe has increased by approximately 200 million people, increasing from 550 million to 750 million in these seventy years. Before the turn of the millennium, Europe was the second-most populated continent, before it was overtaken by Africa, which saw its population increase from 228 million in 1950 to 817 million by 2000. Asia has consistently had the largest population of the world’s continents and was estimated to have a population of 4.6 billion. Europe’s largest countries Including its territory in Asia, Russia is by far the largest country in the world, with a territory of around 17 million square kilometers, almost double that of the next largest country, Canada. Within Europe, Russia also has the continent's largest population at 145 million, followed by Germany at 83 million and the United Kingdom at almost 68 million. By contrast, Europe is also home to various micro-states such as San Marino, which has a population of just 30 thousand.

Brazil Motorcycle: Retail Sales: Gasoline: by Capital City: Central West: Campo Grande data was reported at 3,637.000 Unit in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4,449.000 Unit for 2013. Brazil Motorcycle: Retail Sales: Gasoline: by Capital City: Central West: Campo Grande data is updated yearly, averaging 4,449.000 Unit from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2014, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,116.000 Unit in 2012 and a record low of 3,637.000 Unit in 2014. Brazil Motorcycle: Retail Sales: Gasoline: by Capital City: Central West: Campo Grande data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Association of Motorcycle, Moped, and Bicycle Manufacturers. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Automobile Sector – Table BR.RAM012: Motorcycle Retail Sales: Gasoline: by Capital City. Two Wheels: Tricycle, quad biking, Motorcycle and Moped.

In 2025, Pietermaritzburg in South Africa ranked as the world's most dangerous city with a crime rate of 82 per 100,000 inhabitants. Five of the 10 cities with the highest crime rates worldwide are found in South Africa. The list does not include countries where war and conflict exist. South Africa dominates crime statistics When looking at crime rates, among the 10 most dangerous cities in the world, half of them are found in South Africa. The country is struggling with extremely high levels of inequality, and is struggling with high levels of crime and power outages, harming the country's economy and driving more people into unemployment and poverty. Crime in Latin America On the other hand, when looking at murder rates, Latin America dominates the list of the world's most dangerous countries. Violence in Latin America is caused in great part by drug trafficking, weapons trafficking, and gang wars.

Capital of Registered Companies: ytd data was reported at 61.195 JOD mn in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 33.439 JOD mn for Mar 2018. Capital of Registered Companies: ytd data is updated quarterly, averaging 81.761 JOD mn from Mar 2004 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 495.800 JOD mn in Jun 2011 and a record low of 24.479 JOD mn in Sep 2016. Capital of Registered Companies: ytd data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Industry and Trade. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jordan – Table JO.O008: Capital of Registered Companies: ytd.

Jordan Capital of Registered Companies: Trade data was reported at 23.879 JOD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 20.543 JOD mn for 2016. Jordan Capital of Registered Companies: Trade data is updated yearly, averaging 75.400 JOD mn from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2017, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 346.100 JOD mn in 2005 and a record low of 20.543 JOD mn in 2016. Jordan Capital of Registered Companies: Trade data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Industry and Trade. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jordan – Table JO.O007: Capital of Registered Companies: Annual.

Mogadishu in Somalia led the ranking of cities with the highest population density in 2025, with ****** residents per square kilometer. When it comes to countries, Monaco is the most densely populated state worldwide.