As of December 2022, the highest recorded temperature in Australia was at Onslow Airport in Western Australia, where the temperature was **** degrees Celsius. This was matched by the highest temperature recorded at Oodnadatta Airport, South Australia, in 1960. What is causing increasing temperatures? The annual mean temperature deviation in the country has increased over the past century. In 2024, the annual national mean temperature was **** degrees Celsius above average. Climate experts agree that the major climate driver responsible for the heat experienced in Australia was a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). This is where sea surface temperatures are cooler in the eastern half of the Indian Ocean than the western half. The discrepancy in temperatures led to drier, warmer conditions across Australia. Global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions has been linked to the warming of sea surface temperatures and the IOD. Social change While the topic of global warming is undoubtedly controversial, many people perceive global warming as influencing Australia’s climate. In 2023, around ** percent of Australians believed climate change was occurring. Furthermore, around **** of Australians agreed that their government was not doing enough in terms of climate change action.

In 2024, the mean temperature deviation in Australia was 1.46 degrees Celsius higher than the reference value for that year, indicating a positive anomaly. Over the course of the last century, mean temperature anomaly measurements in Australia have exhibited an overall increasing trend. Temperature trending upwards Global land temperature anomalies have been fluctuating since the start of their measurement but show an overall upward tendency. Australian mean temperatures have followed this trend and continued to rise as well. Considered the driest inhabited continent on earth, this has severe consequences for the country. In particular, the south of Australia is predicted to become susceptible to drought, which could lead to an increase in bushfires as well. The highest temperatures recorded in Australia as of 2022 were measured in South Australia and Western Australia, both exceeding 50 degrees. The 2019/2020 bushfire season Already prone to wildfires due to its dry climate, the change in temperature has made Australia even more vulnerable to an increase in bushfires. One of the worst wildfires in Australia, and on a global level as well, happened during the 2019/2020 bushfire season. The combination of the hottest days and the lowest annual mean rainfall in 20 years resulted in a destruction of 12.5 million acres. New South Wales was the region with the largest area burned by bushfires in that year, a major part of which was conservation land.

Over the past 20 years, the share of the Australian population that holds a degree at a bachelor level or above has increased by more than six times, reaching 50.8 percent in 2022. Since May of 2023, however, that number has dropped to only 32 percent. In Australia, the tertiary education sector comprises both public and private institutions. The student body is comprised of both domestic and international students. University graduate employment Domestic students make up most of the graduates within Australia. The vast majority of graduates in 2022 found full-time employment after studying, with the fields of medicine, pharmacy and rehabilitation having the highest rates of employment post graduation. Dentistry graduates earned the highest median full-time salary of recent university graduates in the country. International study landscape International students are a rapidly growing segment of Australia’s tertiary education sector. The export income from international student activities amounted to just under 36.5 billion Australian dollars in 2023. Chinese students accounted for the largest share of international student enrollments in the same period. Students completing their studies at Australian universities are attracted to the prestige of obtaining a degree at some of the best universities in the world. Moreover, graduates have the opportunity to enter the Australian labor market and to apply for a permanent visa in the country.

Temperature in Australia increased to 22.77 celsius in 2024 from 22.31 celsius in 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Australia Average Temperature.

The University and Other Higher Education industry is grappling with the post-pandemic landscape. The COVID-19 outbreak significantly shifted the industry's demand and delivery methods. Social distancing requirements and operational constraints caused most universities to pivot online. Remote learning has remained embedded into teaching post-pandemic, providing convenience for students and profitability benefits for universities. A heightened focus on research during the pandemic offset revenue lost from declines in tuition fees. This trend has been slowing and is under additional threat from a US Government that appears intent on reducing its funding for foreign-based research, to the detriment of Australian institutions. The industry's labour market has been volatile as the pandemic pushed universities to increasingly casualise their workforces. Controversies over underpayment have led to reputational damage and strikes among major Australian universities. Melbourne University's enforceable agreement with the Fair Work Ombudsman to pay more than $72.0 million to over 25,000 staff highlights the magnitude of these disputes. Economic and demographic factors have aided the industry's post-pandemic recovery despite these pressures. A depreciating Australian dollar has benefited returning international students, while growth in the population of people aged 18 to 25 has bolstered domestic enrolments. Lower secondary school retention rates, slipping during the pandemic, are dampening this growth. Overall, revenue is expected to drop at an annualised 1.9% to an estimated $38.8 billion over the five years through 2024-25. This trend includes a 0.6% drop in revenue anticipated for 2024-25. The outlook for the industry is promising, driven by changing labour market conditions and demographic trends. Stricter visa requirements to control migration will pose challenges. However, the industry will face these constrictions by constructing new student accommodation facilities, allowing institutions to enrol international students beyond their designated cap. The consolidation of the University of Adelaide and the University of South Australia into Adelaide University in 2026 will intensify competition for enrolments, particularly from international students, given its ambitious ranking goals. These factors mean revenue is forecast to climb at an annualised 2.1% to $43.1 billion through the end of 2029-30.

Australia Employment: Postgraduate Degree data was reported at 1,561.638 Person in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,586.002 Person for Nov 2024. Australia Employment: Postgraduate Degree data is updated quarterly, averaging 1,154.151 Person from Aug 2015 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,586.002 Person in Nov 2024 and a record low of 785.957 Person in Nov 2015. Australia Employment: Postgraduate Degree data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Australian Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.G017: Employment: by Highest Educational Attainment.

In 2023, the observed annual average maximum temperature in Australia reached 29.67 degrees Celsius. Overall, the annual average maximum temperature had increased compared to the temperature reported for 1901.

Employment: Western Australia: Full Time: Postgraduate Degree data was reported at 120.058 Person in Nov 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 124.238 Person for Aug 2024. Employment: Western Australia: Full Time: Postgraduate Degree data is updated quarterly, averaging 72.238 Person from Aug 2015 (Median) to Nov 2024, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 124.238 Person in Aug 2024 and a record low of 47.532 Person in Nov 2016. Employment: Western Australia: Full Time: Postgraduate Degree data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Australian Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.G019: Employment: by State and Highest Educational Attainment: Full Time.

Employment: Western Australia: Part Time: Postgraduate Degree data was reported at 37.146 Person in Nov 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 32.141 Person for Aug 2024. Employment: Western Australia: Part Time: Postgraduate Degree data is updated quarterly, averaging 23.332 Person from Aug 2015 (Median) to Nov 2024, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 37.146 Person in Nov 2024 and a record low of 10.471 Person in Aug 2015. Employment: Western Australia: Part Time: Postgraduate Degree data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Australian Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.G020: Employment: by State and Highest Educational Attainment: Part Time.

In 2021, 48.6 percent of people aged 25 to 34 years old in major cities in Australia held a bachelor degree or higher. This was around double the proportion of people in this age group with a tertiary education in regional and remote areas outside of the major cities.

Universities are now observed using social media communications channels for a variety of purposes, including marketing, student recruitment, student support and alumni communication. This paper presents an investigation into the use of the Twitter social media platform by universities in Australia, using publicly available Twitter data over a two year period. A social media network visualisation method is developed to make visible the interactions between a university and its stakeholders in the Twitter environment. This analysis method provides insights into the differing ways Australian universities are active on Twitter, and how universities might more effectively use the platform to achieve their individual objectives for institutional social media communications.

Australia Unemployment Rate: Victoria: Postgraduate Degree data was reported at 2.671 % in Nov 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.211 % for Aug 2024. Australia Unemployment Rate: Victoria: Postgraduate Degree data is updated quarterly, averaging 3.560 % from Aug 2015 (Median) to Nov 2024, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.294 % in Aug 2020 and a record low of 2.044 % in Nov 2023. Australia Unemployment Rate: Victoria: Postgraduate Degree data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Australian Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.G044: Unemployment Rate: by State and Highest Educational Attainment.

1) Data Introduction • The Rain in Australia Dataset is a tabular weather forecasting dataset, including daily weather information collected for approximately 10 years from various weather stations across Australia, and next-day precipitation (more than 1 mm, RainTomorrow).

2) Data Utilization (1) Rain in Australia Dataset has characteristics that: • Each row contains a variety of daily weather variables and target variables (RainTomorrow: Next Day RainTomorrow) such as date, region, highest/lowest temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and air pressure. • The data reflect multiple regions and various weather conditions, making them suitable for time series and spatial weather pattern analysis and the development of binary classification prediction models. (2) Rain in Australia Dataset can be used to: • Development of precipitation prediction models: Machine learning-based next-day precipitation prediction (whether an umbrella is required) models can be built using various weather variables and RainTomorrow labels. • Weather Patterns and Regional Analysis: By analyzing regional and seasonal weather variables and precipitation patterns, it can be used to establish customized weather strategies for each industry, such as climate change research and agriculture and tourism.

De-identified higher education award course completions unit record file.

In 2021, courses relating to management and commerce were the most popular among international students in Australia with enrollments for these courses figuring over *** thousand. The total number of overseas students enrolled in Australian universities in that year was over *** thousand.

The Bureau of Meteorology provides the Australian and international maritime communities with weather forecasts, warnings and observations for coastal waters areas and high seas around Australia. …Show full descriptionThe Bureau of Meteorology provides the Australian and international maritime communities with weather forecasts, warnings and observations for coastal waters areas and high seas around Australia. Generally most of these services are provided routinely throughout the day, while marine weather warnings may be issued at any time when the need becomes apparent. Because of the complex nature of the sea, the Bureau of Meteorology uses advanced computer models to predict the physical characteristics of the ocean. These computer forecasts are used by meteorologists in the preparation of marine forecasts and warnings. The forecasts include wind, weather, sea and swell and are intended to describe the average conditions over specified areas. Marine forecasts have been enhanced by the inclusion of ocean currents and sea-surface temperature forecasts through the BLUElink ocean forecasting initiative. The Sea Surface Temperature Browse Service provides access to browse images (1:5 resolution) of satellite derived Daily Sea Surface Temperature data available from 30 December 1998. The Bureau currently uses measurements from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) series of polar orbiting satellites to derive SSTs for the Australian region. The data is calibrated and quality controlled against SST data collected from ships and drifting buoys. The SSTs are used in real time operations and also archived as the data as part of Australia's National Climate Record. This record also provides links to BOM Ocean Analysis data including Daily/Weekly/Monthly records of Australian and Global Sea Surface and Subsurface Temperatures.

UIS: Percentage of population age 25+ with at least a completed short-cycle tertiary degree (ISCED 5 or higher). Total in Australia was reported at 43.27 % in 2018, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Australia - Percentage of population age 25+ with at least a completed short-cycle tertiary degree (ISCED 5 or higher). Total - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The Education and Training division has faced challenges in recent years, driven by shifting enrolment patterns, regulatory pressures and the rapid integration of online learning options into a division that has long operated in face-to-face classrooms. While many institutions within the division are not-for-profit, private establishments strive to make a profit, particularly within the Technical and Vocational Education and Training industry, which boasts the highest profit margin at 36.0% compared to the division’s margin of 5.1%. Industrywide revenue is expected to have contracted at an annualised 0.7% over the five years through 2024-25 to total $173.5 billion. This includes an anticipated dip of 1.6% in 2024-25. Despite the advantages the Private Schools industry boasts over the Government Schools industry, the Federal Government's Better and Fairer Schools Agreement and the full rollout of the Quality Schools package will go a long way to rebalancing the disparity between private and public schools. In early 2025, Queensland joined all other states and territories in signing the Better and Fairer Schools Agreement and committing to fund public schools to 100% of the Schooling Resource Standard by 2034. The agreement dictates that the Federal Government will contribute 25.0% of the funding for government schools, with 75.0% coming from the states and territories. New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland dominate the Education and Training division because of their large populations, which lead to an abundance of schools and students. Certain segments, like government schools and universities, exhibit higher market share concentration because of the significant barriers to entry compared to segments like sports instruction. The division is contending with intensifying competition from substitutes like self-education and on-the-job training. Over the coming years, new government policies and technological advancements will influence the Education and Training division. The Australian Government's attempts to introduce international student caps and the implementation of student visa price rises will limit the international student market, potentially resulting in job losses and stifling growth opportunities. Universities are losing their competitive edge as substitutes like self-education expand in popularity and employer preferences shift away from traditional degrees. Education departments will improve teacher wellbeing by improving workload expectations, resulting in national education standards improving. The Quality Schools package will boost Commonwealth funding, prioritising public schools over private ones. Revenue is forecast to climb at an annualised 1.8% over the five years through 2029-30 to $189.3 billion.

UIS: Percentage of population age 25+ with at least a completed short-cycle tertiary degree (ISCED 5 or higher). Female in Australia was reported at 47.72 % in 2018, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Australia - Percentage of population age 25+ with at least a completed short-cycle tertiary degree (ISCED 5 or higher). Female - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

Using data from the 2001-2005 waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, and taking account of existing estimates of ability bias and social returns to schooling, I estimate the economic return to various levels of education. Raising high school attainment appears to yield the highest annual benefits, with per-year gains as high as 30 percent (depending on the adjustment for ability bias). Some forms of vocational training also appear to boost earnings, with significant gains from Certificate Level III/IV qualifications (for high school dropouts only), and from Diploma and Advanced Diploma qualifications. At the university level, Bachelor degrees and postgraduate qualifications are associated with significantly higher earnings, with each year of a Bachelor degree raising annual earnings by about 15 percent. For high school, slightly less than half the gains are due to increased productivity, with the rest due to higher levels of participation. For vocational training, about one-third of the gains are from productivity, and two-thirds from greater participation. For university, most of the gains are from productivity. I find some evidence that the productivity benefits of education are higher towards the top of the distribution, but the participation effects are higher towards the bottom of the conditional earnings distribution. NOTE: This paper uses confidentialised unit record file data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. The HILDA Project was initiated and is funded by the Commonwealth Department of Family and Community Services (FaCS) and is managed by the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research (MIAESR). The findings and views reported in this paper, however, are those of the author and should not be attributed to either FaCS or the MIAESR. Since the data used in this paper are confidential, they cannot be shared with other researchers. Instructions on how to order the data are available at http://melbourneinstitute.com/hilda/data.html. The Stata do-file used to create the regression results is available from the author upon request. Parts of this paper were drawn from a report prepared for the Victorian Department of Education, who should not be assumed to agree with its contents. I am grateful to the editor (Russell Smyth) and an anonymous referee for valuable feedback on an earlier draft.