In the 3 years to March 2021, black households were most likely out of all ethnic groups to have a weekly income of under £600.

As of 2021, households in the United Kingdom where the head of the household was of an other ethnic background had the highest proportion of household income earning more than ***** pounds a week, at ** percent.

75% of households from the Bangladeshi ethnic group were in the 2 lowest income quintiles (after housing costs were deducted) between April 2021 and March 2024.

The median hourly pay in 2022 for White British employees was ***** pounds per hour, while people belonging to the Asian Other category received a median of ***** pounds per hour, which was the highest hourly pay in the hourly earnings shown. White and Black Caribbean employees had the lowest median hourly earnings in 2022, at ***** pounds per hour, followed by Bangladeshi employees, at just over ** pounds per hour

Between April 2008 and March 2024, households from the Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic groups were the most likely to live in low income out of all ethnic groups, before and after housing costs.

Every year between 2013 and 2021, employees from the combined Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic group had the lowest average hourly pay out of all ethnic groups.

Between 2018 and 2022, people in households in the ‘other’, Asian and black ethnic groups were the most likely to be in persistent low income, both before and after housing costs, out of all ethnic groups.

The median hourly pay and percentage difference in 2019 between hourly earnings with white British employees was greater between men than between women. White Irish male employees earned a median of ***** pounds per hour, while Bangladeshi male employees earned a median of ***** pounds per hour. In comparison, white Irish female employees earned a median of ***** pounds per hour, while Bangladeshi female employees earned a median of ***** pounds per hour. The highest median hourly pay was seen for Chinese male employees, at ***** pounds per hour. Chinese female employees also earned a high hourly pay, at ***** pounds per hour. Female white and black Caribbean female employees experienced the lowest median hourly pay in 2019, at just **** pounds per hour.

Of people who completed further education in 2021, 80% were working or studying (or both) the following year

Households in the Indian and White Other ethnic groups received the highest percentage of their income from employment out of all ethnic groups.

During a 2023 survey carried out among more than ***** marketers from the United Kingdom, it was found that marketers who identified as white had the highest average full-time earnings, with ***** thousand British pounds annually. Black/African Caribbean/Black British was the lowest-paid group, with ***** thousand pounds annually.

This report shows average annual earnings for the following four earnings measures, provisionally showing overall figures for the NHS HCHS workforce (excluding primary care staff) in England in NHS Trusts and other core organisations in England and NHS Support Organisations and Central Bodies. Mean annual basic pay per FTE – is the mean amount of basic pay paid per 1 full-time equivalent post in a 12-month period. Mean annual earnings per person – is the mean amount paid to an individual in a 12-month period, regardless of the contracted FTE. Mean annual basic pay per person – is the mean amount of basic pay paid to an individual in a 12-month period, regardless of the contracted FTE. Mean annual non-basic pay per person – is the mean amount, over and above basic pay, paid to an individual in a 12 month period, regardless of the contracted FTE (this is further split into ten separate measures – see Appendix A for a list and descriptions) These figures are based on the most recent twelve months of data and are presented by staff group in the publication (Tables 1 & 2). This publication also includes tables which examine the non-basic pay elements in greater details (Table 3). Data are available every month from 30 September 2009 onwards. We have created a repository of the code used to produce the NHS Staff Earnings publication which is available on GitHub via the Related Links section below. Monthly NHS Workforce Statistics and monthly NHS Staff Sickness Absence reports and data relating to the General Practice workforce and the Independent Healthcare Provider workforce are also available via the Related Links below. We welcome feedback on the methodology and tables within this publication. Please email us with your comments and suggestions, clearly stating Monthly HCHS Workforce as the subject heading, via enquiries@nhsdigital.nhs.uk or 0300 303 5678.

In 2019 white people in England and Wales had an average hourly income that was *** percent larger than that of ethnic minority groups. This was the lowest percentage difference recorded during this time period, with the highest difference recorded in 2014, when the average difference in hourly earnings was *** percent.

39.8% of workers from the Indian ethnic group were in 'professional' jobs in 2021 – the highest percentage out of all ethnic groups in this role.

During a 2025 survey carried out among marketers from the United Kingdom, it was found that ethnic minorities earned more than 13 percent less than white marketers. The gap widened in the most recent year by nearly five percentage points.

In 2021, 20.1% of people from the Indian ethnic group were in higher managerial and professional occupations – the highest percentage out of all ethnic groups in this socioeconomic group.

The Labour Market Indicators spreadsheet for boroughs and regions will no longer be updated from March 2015. The final version from March 2015 will still be available to download at the bottom of this page. Most of the data is available within datasets elsewhere on the Datastore.

Workforce Jobs
Unemployment
Model based Unemployment for Boroughs
Claimant Count rates for Boroughs and Wards
Employment Rate Trends
Employment rates by Gender, Age and Disability
Number of Self Employed, Full and Part Time Employed
Employment by Occupation
Employment by Industry
Employment, Unemployment, Economic Activity and Inactivity Rates by Disability
Employment by Ethnicity
Economic Inactivity by Gender and Reason
Qualifications of Economically Active, Employed and Unemployed
Qualification levels of working-age population
Apprenticeship Starts and Achievements
Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET), Borough
19 year olds Qualified to NVQ Level 3
GCE A level examination results of 16-18 year olds
GCSE Results by Pupil Characteristics
People Claiming Out-of-Work Benefits
People Claiming Incapacity Benefit
Children Living in Workless Households
Gross Value Added, and Gross Disposable Household Income
Earnings by place of residence
Earnings by place of work
Business Demographics
Employment projections by sector
Jobs Density
Population Estimates
Population Migration

Core Indicators

Number of London residents of working age in employment
Employment rate
Number of male London residents of working age in employment
Male employment rate
Number of female London residents of working age in employment
Female employment rate
Workforce jobs
Jobs density
Number

The Labour Market Indicators spreadsheet for boroughs and regions will no longer be updated from March 2015. The final version from March 2015 will still be available to download at the bottom of this page. Most of the data is available within datasets elsewhere on the Datastore.

Workforce Jobs
Unemployment
Model based Unemployment for Boroughs
Claimant Count rates for Boroughs and Wards
Employment Rate Trends
Employment rates by Gender, Age and Disability
Number of Self Employed, Full and Part Time Employed
Employment by Occupation
Employment by Industry
Employment, Unemployment, Economic Activity and Inactivity Rates by Disability
Employment by Ethnicity
Economic Inactivity by Gender and Reason
Qualifications of Economically Active, Employed and Unemployed
Qualification levels of working-age population
Apprenticeship Starts and Achievements
Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET), Borough
19 year olds Qualified to NVQ Level 3
GCE A level examination results of 16-18 year olds
GCSE Results by Pupil Characteristics
People Claiming Out-of-Work Benefits
People Claiming Incapacity Benefit
Children Living in Workless Households
Gross Value Added, and Gross Disposable Household Income
Earnings by place of residence
Earnings by place of work
Business Demographics
Employment projections by sector
Jobs Density
Population Estimates
Population Migration

Core Indicators

Number of London residents of working age in employment
Employment rate
Number of male London residents of working age in employment
Male employment rate
Number of female London residents of working age in employment
Female employment rate
Workforce jobs
Jobs density
Number of London residents of working age who are economically inactive
Economic inactivity rate
Number of London residents aged 16+ who are unemployed (model based)
Proportion of London residents aged 16+ who are unemployed (model based)
Claimant unemployment
Claimant Count as a proportion of the working age population
Incidence of skill gaps (Numbers and rates)
GCSE (5+ A*–C) attainment including English and Maths
Number of working age people in London with no qualifications
Proportion of working age people in London with no qualifications
Number of working age people in London with Level 4+ qualifications
Proportion of working age people in London with Level 4+ qualifications
Number of people of working age claiming out of work benefits
Proportion of the working age population who claim out of work benefits
Number of young people aged 16-18 who are not in