Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Bachelor's or Equivalent: Population 25+ Years: Male: % Cumulative data was reported at 14.710 % in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 14.796 % for 2010. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Bachelor's or Equivalent: Population 25+ Years: Male: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 14.753 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2013, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.796 % in 2010 and a record low of 14.710 % in 2013. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Bachelor's or Equivalent: Population 25+ Years: Male: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Post-Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Male: % Cumulative data was reported at 31.416 % in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 30.309 % for 2010. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Post-Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Male: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 18.590 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2013, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.416 % in 2013 and a record low of 10.363 % in 1970. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Post-Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Male: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed post-secondary non-tertiary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

PH: Gender Parity Index (GPI): Literacy Rate: Youth Aged 15-24 data was reported at 1.014 Ratio in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.015 Ratio for 2008. PH: Gender Parity Index (GPI): Literacy Rate: Youth Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 1.014 Ratio from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2013, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.032 Ratio in 2003 and a record low of 1.005 Ratio in 1994. PH: Gender Parity Index (GPI): Literacy Rate: Youth Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.World Bank: Education Statistics. Gender parity index for youth literacy rate is the ratio of females to males ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

According to a 2020 survey among repatriated Filipino overseas workers (OFWs) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, ** percent of respondents have obtained a high school diploma while ** percent have an undergraduate degree. In comparison, only ** percent of the respondents earned a graduate degree.

Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Female: % Cumulative data was reported at 60.113 % in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 57.069 % for 2010. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Female: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 52.381 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2013, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 60.113 % in 2013 and a record low of 15.408 % in 1970. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Upper Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Female: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

Philippines Enrolment Data

Examining Private and Public Schools

By Humanitarian Data Exchange [source]

About this dataset

This dataset provides an interesting insight into the enrolment numbers in public and private schools across the Philippines. It covers all levels of enrolment – elementary, secondary, and post-secondary – as well as gender and urban/rural distinctions. This information is an invaluable asset for anyone looking to gain a comprehensive understanding of educational enrolment trends within the country in order to make informed decisions regarding resource allocation or policy implementations. However, keep in mind that due to differences in methodology and data collection techniques, caution should be taken when using this data as there may be inaccuracies or vague definitions applicable to specific age groups or subpopulations. Regardless, this dataset still serves as a valuable source of information for anyone wanting a proper picture of educational dynamics within the Philippines

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How to use the dataset

This dataset provides enrolment figures in public and private schools by level in the Philippines. With this data, users can explore disparities between public and private school enrolment and other potential inequalities associated with educational access.

In order to use this Kaggle dataset to analyze educational inequality in the Philippines, firstly one must understand which columns are included:

• Country: The name of the Philippine country
• School Level (Grouped): Groupings of school levels within primary/elementary and secondary level
• Enrolment Type: Public or Private
• Year: Time period of data collection

Now that you have an understanding about what this dataset contains, here are few ways you could use it for your analysis!

• Compare enrollment rates between genders - Use the 'School Level' column grouped into Primary/Elementary or Secondary fields along with 'Enrolment Type' (public vs. private) to sort out male/female enrollment differences from 2007 - 2018 at each grade level.
• Investigate discrepancies between urban vs rural areas - Look at where most students attend as reflected through the different divisions within provinces as defined by Commission on Elections (COMELEC). Depending if pupils mainly take up residence in urban or rural areas make sure to supplement this data with available measures towards educational disparities between these two settings such as infrastructure, resources etc.
• Analyze expansion trends over time - Using all columns within this dataset one could see how trends have changed over time since its inception year 2007 till recent year 2018 spanning different area types (such as mindanao through CAR etc.), school levels and regions across governance such provinces(NCR etc.).One could get additional insights such patterns around funding allocations too.

Using all these different analyses offered one can gain a better understanding about evolving disparities around education access in particular region or even countrywide!

Research Ideas

• Comparing enrolment statistics between public and private schools to identify more effective approaches in either sector.
• Identifying regions or areas which may benefit from additional investment in education infrastructure and resources.
• Visualizing enrolment rates at different levels of schooling to understand the relative level of educational attainment within a certain geographical area or region over time

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

See the dataset description for more information.

Columns

File: education-nscb-xls-1.csv

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. If you use this dataset in your research, please credit Humanitarian Data Exchange.

BackgroundPhysical therapy (PT) is beneficial for critically ill patients, but the extent of its application in the intensive care unit (ICU) differs between countries. Here, we compared the extent of PT intervention in the ICU in Japan, the Philippines, and Taiwan by evaluating the sociodemographic and ICU-related profiles of ICU physical therapists.Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, a semistructured nationwide online survey was distributed to ICU physical therapists in the three countries.ResultsWe analyzed the responses of 164 physical therapists from Japan, Philippines, and Taiwan. Significant differences were observed between the countries in all sociodemographic variables and the following ICU-related profiles of physical therapists: ICU work experience, duration of the ICU posting, number of hours per day spent in the ICU, on-call ICU PT service engagement, source of ICU patient referral, therapist–patient ratio, and ICU-related PT training participation (p < 0.05). Medical, surgical, and neurologic ICUs were the most common ICU workplaces of the ICU physical therapists, but only surgical and neurologic ICUs exhibited significant differences between the countries (p < 0.05). Standard PT techniques in the ICU were passive and active-assisted range of motion, positioning, and breathing exercises but were implemented with significantly different frequencies between the countries (p < 0.05). The most common challenge faced in ICU PT service delivery by respondents from all three countries was lack of training prior to ICU duty, and lack of training was even bigger challenge in Japan than in other two countries after adjustment of age, highest educational attainment, and work experience.ConclusionThe differences in the health-care system between Japan, the Philippines, and Taiwan were related to differences in the compliance with internationally recommended PT practice standards in the ICU, differences in the type of PT intervention prioritized, and the challenges encountered in ICU PT service delivery.

Abstract

Census of Population and Housing refers to the entire process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing, and publishing data about the population and the living quarters in a country. It entails the listing and recording of the characteristics of each individual and each living quarter as of a specified time and within a specified territory.

Census 2000 is designed to take an inventory of the total population and housing units in the Philippines and to collect information about their characteristics. The census of population is the source of information on the size and distribution of the population as well as information about the demographic, social, economic and cultural characteristics. The census of housing, on the other hand, provides information on the supply of housing units, their structural characteristics and facilities which have bearing on the maintenance of privacy, health and the development of normal family living conditions. These information are vital for making rational plans and programs for national and local development.

The Census 2000 aims to provide government planners, policy makers and administrators with data on which to base their social and economic development plans and programs.

May 1, 2000 has been designated as Census Day for the 2000 Census of Population and Housing or Census 2000, on which date the enumeration of the population and the collection of all pertinent data on housing in the Philippines shall refer.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage Regions Provinces Cities and Municipalities Barangays

Analysis unit

Individuals Households Housing units

Universe

The Census 2000 covered all persons who were alive as of 12:01 a.m. of May 1, 2000 and who are: - Filipino nationals permanently residing in the Philippines; - Filipino nationals who are temporarily at sea or are temporarily abroad as of census date; - Filipino overseas workers as of census date, even though expected to be away for more than a year; - Philippine government officials, both military and civilian, including Philippine diplomatic personnel and their families, assigned abroad; and - Civilian citizens of foreign countries having their usual residence in the Philippines or foreign visitors who have stayed or are expected to stay for at least a year from the time of their arrival in this country.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

In the Census 2000, there are basically two types of questionnaires to be used for the enumeration of hosueholds memmbers. These are CPH Form 2 or the Common Household Questionnaire and the CPH Form 3 or the Sample Household Questionnaire. There are procedures for selecting those households to whom CPH Form 3 will be administered. All enumerators are required to strictly follow these procedures.

The sampling rate, or the proportion of households to be selected as samples within each EA, varies from one EA to another. It can be either 100%, 20% or 10%. If the sampling rate applied to an EA is 100%, it means that all households in that EA will use CPH Form 3. IF it is 20% or 10%, it means that one-fifth or one-tenth, respectively, of all households will use CPH Form 3 while the rest will use CPH Form 2.

The scheme for the selection of sample households is known as systematic sampling with clusters as the sampling units. Under this scheme, the households in an EA are grouped in clusters of size 5. Clusters are formed by grouping together households that have been assigned consecutive serial numbers as they are listed in the Listing Page.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for 2000 Census of Population and Housing were basically patterned from previous censuses except that it should be in Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) format. The basic questionnaires designed for this undertaking were as follows:

CPH Form 1 - Listing Page This is a sheet wherein all buildings, housing units, households and institutional living quarters within an enumeration area (EA) will be listed. Other information pertaining to the population of households and institutional living quarters will also be recorded in this form.

CPH Form 2 - Common Household Questionnaire This is the basic census questionnaire, which will be used for interview and for recording information about the common or non-sample households. This questionnaire gathers information on the following demographic and social characteristics of the population: relationship to household head, family nucleus, date of birth, age, birth registration, sex, marital status, religious affiliation, disability, ethnicity, residence five years ago and highest educational attainment. This also gathers information on building and housing unit characteristics.

CPH Form 3 - Sample Household Questionnaire This is the basic census questionnaire, which will be used for interview and for recording information about the sample households. This questionnaire contains the same question as in CPH Form 2 and additional questions, namely: citizenship, language, literacy, school attendance, type of school, place of school, usual activity/occupation, kind of business/industry, place of work and some items on fertility. It also asks additional questions on household characteristics and amenities and residence five years ago.

CPH Form 4 - Institutional Population Questionnaire This questionnaire records information about persons considered part of the institutional population. It contains questions on residence status, date of birth, age, sex, marital status, religious affiliation, disability, ethnicity and highest educational attainment.

CPH Form 5 - Barangay Schedule This questionnaire will gather indicators to update the characteristics of all barangays which will determine its urbanity.

CPH Form 6 - Notice of Listing/Enumeration This is the sticker that will be posted in a very conspicuous place, preferably in front of the house or gate of the building after listing and interviewing. This sticker indicates that the Building/Housing Unit/Household has already been enumerated.

CPH Form 7 - Common Household Questionnaire Self Administered Questionnaire (SAQ) Instructions This form contains the detailed instructions on how to fill up/answer CPH Form 2. It will accompany CPH Form 2 to be distributed to households who will answer the form themselves, such as those in designated SAQ areas or those where three callbacks or four visits have been made.

CPH Form 8 - Institutional Population Questionnaire SAQ Instructions This form describes the instructions on how to accomplish CPH Form 4 - Institutional Population Questionnaire. It will accompany CPH Form 4 to be distributed to head of institutions who will accomplish the form.

CPH Form 9 - Appointment Slip This form will be used to set an appointment with the household head or any responsible member of the household in case you were unable to interview any one during your first visit or second visit. You will indicate in this form the date and time of your next visit.

Blank Barangay Map This form will be used to enlarge map of each block of an enumeration area/barangay especially if congested areas are being enumerated.

The main questionnaires were developed in English and were translated to major dialects: Bicol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ifugao, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Tagalog, and Waray.

In 2023, the majority of registered Filipino au pairs graduated from college, followed by those with a college level education. In comparison, **** registered au pairs had a post-graduate education. The Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark were the most popular destinations for Filipino au pairs in that year.

Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Competed Short-Cycle Tertiary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data was reported at 26.586 % in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 26.830 % for 2010. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Competed Short-Cycle Tertiary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 25.401 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2013, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26.830 % in 2010 and a record low of 8.613 % in 2000. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Competed Short-Cycle Tertiary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

As of March 2019, ** percent of the surveyed respondents in the Philippines from elementary level stated seldomly reading the news from Facebook. In contrast, only ***** percent form high school and college levels stated never using the application for reading news.

Abstract

The 2022 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was implemented by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Data collection took place from May 2 to June 22, 2022.

The primary objective of the 2022 NDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the NDHS collected information on fertility, fertility preferences, family planning practices, childhood mortality, maternal and child health, nutrition, knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS, violence against women, child discipline, early childhood development, and other health issues.

The information collected through the NDHS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers in designing and evaluating programs and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population. The 2022 NDHS also provides indicators anchored to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the new Philippine Development Plan for 2023 to 2028.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, and all children aged 0-4 resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling scheme provides data representative of the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas separately, and for each of the country’s administrative regions. The sample selection methodology for the 2022 NDHS was based on a two-stage stratified sample design using the Master Sample Frame (MSF) designed and compiled by the PSA. The MSF was constructed based on the listing of households from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing and updated based on the listing of households from the 2015 Census of Population. The first stage involved a systematic selection of 1,247 primary sampling units (PSUs) distributed by province or HUC. A PSU can be a barangay, a portion of a large barangay, or two or more adjacent small barangays.

In the second stage, an equal take of either 22 or 29 sample housing units were selected from each sampled PSU using systematic random sampling. In situations where a housing unit contained one to three households, all households were interviewed. In the rare situation where a housing unit contained more than three households, no more than three households were interviewed. The survey interviewers were instructed to interview only the preselected housing units. No replacements and no changes of the preselected housing units were allowed in the implementing stage in order to prevent bias. Survey weights were calculated, added to the data file, and applied so that weighted results are representative estimates of indicators at the regional and national levels.

All women age 15–49 who were either usual residents of the selected households or visitors who stayed in the households the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. Among women eligible for an individual interview, one woman per household was selected for a module on women’s safety.

For further details on sample design, see APPENDIX A of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Two questionnaires were used for the 2022 NDHS: the Household Questionnaire and the Woman’s Questionnaire. The questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s model questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to the Philippines. Input was solicited from various stakeholders representing government agencies, academe, and international agencies. The survey protocol was reviewed by the ICF Institutional Review Board.

After all questionnaires were finalized in English, they were translated into six major languages: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Bikol, Hiligaynon, and Waray. The Household and Woman’s Questionnaires were programmed into tablet computers to allow for computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) for data collection purposes, with the capability to choose any of the languages for each questionnaire.

Cleaning operations

Processing the 2022 NDHS data began almost as soon as fieldwork started, and data security procedures were in place in accordance with confidentiality of information as provided by Philippine laws. As data collection was completed in each PSU or cluster, all electronic data files were transferred securely via SyncCloud to a server maintained by the PSA Central Office in Quezon City. These data files were registered and checked for inconsistencies, incompleteness, and outliers. The field teams were alerted to any inconsistencies and errors while still in the area of assignment. Timely generation of field check tables allowed for effective monitoring of fieldwork, including tracking questionnaire completion rates. Only the field teams, project managers, and NDHS supervisors in the provincial, regional, and central offices were given access to the CAPI system and the SyncCloud server.

A team of secondary editors in the PSA Central Office carried out secondary editing, which involved resolving inconsistencies and recoding “other” responses; the former was conducted during data collection, and the latter was conducted following the completion of the fieldwork. Data editing was performed using the CSPro software package. The secondary editing of the data was completed in August 2022. The final cleaning of the data set was carried out by data processing specialists from The DHS Program in September 2022.

Response rate

A total of 35,470 households were selected for the 2022 NDHS sample, of which 30,621 were found to be occupied. Of the occupied households, 30,372 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99%. In the interviewed households, 28,379 women age 15–49 were identified as eligible for individual interviews. Interviews were completed with 27,821 women, yielding a response rate of 98%.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and in data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2022 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey (2022 NDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2022 NDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and identical size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2022 NDHS sample was the result of a multistage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. Sampling errors are computed in SAS using programs developed by ICF. These programs use the Taylor linearization method to estimate variances for survey estimates that are means, proportions, or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in APPENDIX B of the survey report.

Data appraisal

Data Quality Tables

• Household age distribution
• Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
• Age displacement at age 14/15
• Age displacement at age 49/50
• Pregnancy outcomes by years preceding the survey
• Completeness of reporting
• Observation of handwashing facility
• School attendance by single year of age
• Vaccination cards photographed
• Population pyramid
• Five-year mortality rates

See details of the data quality tables in Appendix C of the final report.

Abstract

The 1998 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). is a nationally-representative survey of 13,983 women age 15-49. The NDHS was designed to provide information on levels and trends of fertility, family planning knowledge and use, infant and child mortality, and maternal and child health. It was implemented by the National Statistics Office in collaboration with the Department of Health (DOH). Macro International Inc. of Calverton, Maryland provided technical assistance to the project, while financial assistance was provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the DOH. Fieldwork for the NDHS took place from early March to early May 1998.

The primary objective of the NDHS is to Provide up-to-date information on fertility levels; determinants of fertility; fertility preferences; infant and childhood mortality levels; awareness, approval, and use of family planning methods; breastfeeding practices; and maternal and child health. This information is intended to assist policy makers and program managers in evaluating and designing programs and strategies for improving health and family planning services in the country.

MAIN RESULTS

Survey data generally confirm patterns observed in the 1993 National Demographic Survey (NDS), showing increasing contraceptive use and declining fertility.

FERTILITY

Fertility Decline. The NDHS data indicate that fertility continues to decline gradually but steadily. At current levels, women will give birth an average of 3.7 children per woman during their reproductive years, a decline from the level of 4.1 recorded in the 1993 NDS. A total fertility rate of 3.7, however, is still considerably higher than the rates prevailing in neighboring Southeast Asian countries.

Fertility Differentials. Survey data show that the large differential between urban and rural fertility levels is widening even further. While the total fertility rate in urban areas declined by about 15 percent over the last five years (from 3.5 to 3.0), the rate among rural women barely declined at all (from 4.8 to 4.7). Consequently, rural women give birth to almost two children more than urban women.

Significant differences in fertility levels by region still exist. For example, fertility is more than twice as high in Eastern Visayas and Bicol Regions (with total fertility rates well over 5 births per woman) than in Metro Manila (with a rate of 2.5 births per woman).

Fertility levels are closely related to women's education. Women with no formal education give birth to an average of 5.0 children in their lifetime, compared to 2.9 for women with at least some college education. Women with either elementary or high school education have intermediate fertility rates.

Family Size Norms. One reason that fertility has not fallen more rapidly is that women in the Philippines still want moderately large families. Only one-third of women say they would ideally like to have one or two children, while another third state a desire for three children. The remaining third say they would choose four or more children. Overall, the mean ideal family size among all women is 3.2 children, identical to the mean found in 1993.

Unplanned Fertility. Another reason for the relatively high fertility level is that unplanned pregnancies are still common in the Philippines. Overall, 45 percent of births in the five years prior to the survey were reported to be unplanned; 27 percent were mistimed (wanted later) and 18 percent were unwanted. If unwanted births could be eliminated altogether, the total fertility rate in the Philippines would be 2.7 births per woman instead of the actual level of 3.7.

Age at First Birth. Fertility rates would be even higher if Filipino women did not have a pattem of late childbearing. The median age at first birth is 23 years in the Philippines, considerably higher than in most other countries. Another factor that holds down the overall level of fertility is the fact that about 9 or 10 percent of women never give birth, higher than the level of 3-4 percent found in most developing countries.

FAMILY PLANNING

Increasing Use of Contraception. A major cause of declining fertility in the Philippines has been the gradual but fairly steady increase in contraceptive use over the last three decades. The contraceptive prevalence rate has tripled since 1968, from 15 to 47 percent of married women. Although contraceptive use has increased since the 1993 NDS (from 40 to 47 percent of married women), comparison with the series of nationally representative Family Planning Surveys indicates that there has been a levelling-off in family planning use in recent years.

Method Mix. Use of traditional methods of family planning has always accounted for a relatively high proportion of overall use in the Philippines, and data from the 1998 NDHS show the proportion holding steady at about 40 percent. The dominant changes in the "method mix" since 1993 have been an increase in use of injectables and traditional methods such as calendar rhythm and withdrawal and a decline in the proportions using female sterilization. Despite the decline in the latter, female sterilization still is the most widely used method, followed by the pill.

Differentials in Family Planning Use. Differentials in current use of family planning in the 16 administrative regions of the country are large, ranging from 16 percent of married women in ARMM to 55 percent of those in Southern Mindanao and Central Luzon. Contraceptive use varies considerably by education of women. Only 15 percent of married women with no formal education are using a method, compared to half of those with some secondary school. The urban-rural gap in contraceptive use is moderate (51 vs. 42 percent, respectively).

Knowledge of Contraception. Knowledge of contraceptive methods and supply sources has been almost universal in the Philippines for some time and the NDHS results indicate that 99 percent of currently married women age 15-49 have heard of at least one method of family planning. More than 9 in 10 married women know the pill, IUD, condom, and female sterilization, while about 8 in 10 have heard of injectables, male sterilization, rhythm, and withdrawal. Knowledge of injectables has increased far more than any other method, from 54 percent of married women in 1993 to 89 percent in 1998.

Unmet Need for Family Planning. Unmet need for family planning services has declined since I993. Data from the 1993 NDS show that 26 percent of currently married women were in need of services, compared with 20 percent in the 1998 NDHS. A little under half of the unmet need is comprised of women who want to space their next birth, while just over half is for women who do not want any more children (limiters). If all women who say they want to space or limit their children were to use methods, the contraceptive prevalence rate could be increased from 47 percent to 70 percent of married women. Currently, about three-quarters of this "total demand" for family planning is being met.

Discontinuation Rates. One challenge for the family planning program is to reduce the high levels of contraceptive discontinuation. NDHS data indicate that about 40 percent of contraceptive users in the Philippines stop using within 12 months of starting, almost one-third of whom stop because of an unwanted pregnancy (i.e., contraceptive failure). Discontinuation rates vary by method. Not surprisingly, the rates for the condom (60 percent), withdrawal (46 percent), and the pill (44 percent) are considerably higher than for the 1UD (14 percent). However, discontinuation rates for injectables are relatively high, considering that one dose is usually effective for three months. Fifty-two percent of injection users discontinue within one year of starting, a rate that is higher than for the pill.

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH

Childhood Mortality. Survey results show that although the infant mortality rate remains unchanged, overall mortality of children under five has declined somewhat in recent years. Under-five mortality declined from 54 deaths per 1,000 births in 1988-92 to 48 for the period 1993-97. The infant mortality rate remained stable at about 35 per 1,000 births. Childhood Vaccination Coverage. The 1998 NDHS results show that 73 percent of children 12- 23 months are fully vaccinated by the date of the interview, almost identical to the level of 72 percent recorded in the 1993 NDS. When the data are restricted to vaccines received before the child's first birthday, however, only 65 percent of children age 12-23 months can be considered to be fully vaccinated.

Childhood Health. The NDHS provides some data on childhood illness and treatment. Approximately one in four children under age five had a fever and 13 percent had respiratory illness in the two weeks before the survey. Of these, 58 percent were taken to a health facility for treatment. Seven percent of children under five were reported to have had diarrhea in the two weeks preceeding the survey. The fact that four-fifths of children with diarrhea received some type of oral rehydration therapy (fluid made from an ORS packet, recommended homemade fluid, or increased fluids) is encouraging.

Breastfeeding Practices. Almost all Filipino babies (88 percent) are breastfed for some time, with a median duration of breastfeeding of 13 months. Although breastfeeding has beneficial effects on both the child and the mother, NDHS data indicate that supplementation of breastfeeding with other liquids and foods occurs too early in the Philippines. For example, among newborns less than two months of age, 19 percent were already receiving supplemental foods or liquids other than water.

Maternal Health Care. NDHS data point to several areas regarding maternal health care in which improvements could be made. Although most Filipino mothers (86 percent) receive prenatal

Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data was reported at 84.157 % in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 82.071 % for 2010. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 68.555 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2013, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 84.157 % in 2013 and a record low of 41.839 % in 1970. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Primary: Population 25+ Years: Total: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

Philippines: Ratio of female to male students in tertiary level education: Pour cet indicateur, UNESCO fournit des données pour la Philippines de 1971 à 2023. La valeur moyenne pour Philippines pendant cette période était de 1.2 pour cent avec un minimum de 1.06 pour cent en 1979 et un maximum de 1.32 pour cent en 2022.

Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Lower Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Male: % Cumulative data was reported at 68.991 % in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 65.840 % for 2010. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Lower Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Male: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 50.572 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2013, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 68.991 % in 2013 and a record low of 27.017 % in 1970. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Completed Lower Secondary: Population 25+ Years: Male: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

Abstract

In 2001, the World Health Organization, in collaboration with UNAIDS, UNESCO, and UNICEF, with technical assistance from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), initiated development of the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Since 2003, Ministries/ Department of Health and Education around the world have been using the GSHS to periodically monitor the prevalence of important health risk behaviors and protective factors among students. To date, 15 countries have completed a GSHS. This report describes results from the first GSHS conducted in Philippines by the Department of Health, Manila during September-December of 2003.

The purpose of the GSHS is to provide accurate data on health behaviors and protective factors among students to: - Help countries develop priorities, establish programmes, and advocate for resources for school health and youth health programmes and policies; - Allow international agencies, countries, and others to make comparisons across countries and within countries regarding the prevalence of health behaviors; and protective factors - Establish trends in the prevalence of health behaviors and protective factors by country for use in evaluation of school health and youth health promotion.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Students aged 13-15 years

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2003 Philippines' GSHS employed a two-stage cluster sample design to produce a representative sample of students in 2nd-4th year levels of Secondary Education or High School. The first-stage sampling frame consisted of all schools containing any of 2nd-4th year levels. Schools were selected with probability proportional to school enrollment size. One hundred and fifty schools (150) were selected to participate in the Philippines' GSHS.

The second stage of sampling consisted of randomly selecting intact classrooms (using a random start) from each school to participate. All classrooms in each selected school were included in the sampling frame. All students in the sampled classrooms were eligible to participate in the GSHS.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The GSHS uses a standardized scientific sample selection process; common school-based methodology; and core questionnaire modules, core-expanded questions, and country-specific questions that are combined to form a self-administered questionnaire that can be administered during one regular class period.

The Philippines' questionnaire contained 92 questions addressing the following topics: - Alcohol and other drug use - Dietary behaviors - Hygiene - Mental health - Physical activity - Protective factors - HIV-related knowledge - Tobacco use - Violence and unintentional injury

A GSHS Project Management Team of the Department of Health and the Institute of Clinical Epidemiology Unit, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines had developed the questionnaire. The questionnaire was with a corresponding translation in Filipino, a common language in the country.

Cleaning operations

The data set was cleaned and edited for inconsistencies. Missing data were not statistically imputed. Epi- Info Complex-Sample analysis that takes into consideration the complex sample design was used to compute prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals. GSHS data are representative of all students attending 2nd-4th year levels of High School in the Philippines.

Response rate

For the 2003 Philippines GSHS, 7, 338 questionnaires were completed in 148 schools. The school response rate was 99%, the student response rate was 85 %, and the overall response rate was 84%.

Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Bachelor's or Equivalent: Population 25+ Years: Female: % Cumulative data was reported at 19.239 % in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 18.136 % for 2010. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Bachelor's or Equivalent: Population 25+ Years: Female: % Cumulative data is updated yearly, averaging 18.688 % from Dec 2010 to 2013, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.239 % in 2013 and a record low of 18.136 % in 2010. Philippines PH: Educational Attainment: At Least Bachelor's or Equivalent: Population 25+ Years: Female: % Cumulative data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.World Bank: Education Statistics. The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; ;

Abstract

Census of Population and Housing (CPH) refers to the entire process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing, publishing, and disseminating data about the population and the living quarters in a country. It entails the listing and recording of the characteristics of each individual and each living quarter as of a specified time and within a specified territory. In other words, the CPH offers a “snapshot” of the entire population on a specific date, that is, how many people reside within the national borders, who they are, and where they live during such specified date. Also, included are the characteristics of the housing units where they reside.

The 2010 CPH is designed to take an inventory of the total population and housing units in the Philippines and collect information about their characteristics. The census of population is the source of information on the size and distribution of the population, as well as their demographic, social, economic, and cultural characteristics. The census of housing, on the other hand, provides information on the stock of housing units and their structural characteristics and facilities which have bearing on the maintenance of privacy and health, and the development of normal family living conditions. These information are vital for making rational plans and programs for local and national development.

Specifically, the 2010 CPH aims to: - obtain comprehensive data on the size, composition, and distribution of the population of the Philippines; - gather data on birth registration, literacy, school attendance, place of school, highest grade/year completed, residence 5 years ago, overseas worker, usual occupation, kind of business or industry, class of worker, place of work, fertility, religion, citizenship, ethnic group, disability, and functional difficulty, and determine their geographic distribution; - take stock of the housing units existing in the country and to get information about their geographic location, structural characteristics, and facilities, among others; - obtain information on the characteristics of the barangay, which will be used as basis for urban-rural classification; and - serve as sampling frame for use in household-based surveys.

Data collected in this census were compiled, evaluated, analyzed, published, and disseminated for the use of government, business, industry, social scientists, other research and academic institutions, and the general public. Among the important uses of census data are the following:

In government: - redistricting and apportionment of congressional seats; - allocation of resources and revenues; - creation of political and administrative units; - formulation of policies concerning population and housing; and - formulation of programs relative to the delivery of basic services for health, education, housing, and others

In business and industry: - determination of sites for establishing businesses; - determination of consumer demands for various goods and services; and - determination of supply of labor for the production of goods and services

In research and academic institutions: - conduct of researches on population and other disciplines; and - study of population growth and distribution as basis in preparing projections

Geographic coverage

National coverage Regions Provinces Cities and Municipalities Barangays

Analysis unit

household questionnaire: individuals (household members), households, housing units institutional questionnaire: individuals (institutional population), institutional living quarters barangay questionnaire: barangay

Universe

Census-taking in the Philippines follows a de-jure concept wherein a person is counted in the usual place of residence or the place where the person usually resides. Information on the count of the population and living quarters were collected with 12:01 a.m. of May 1, 2010 as the census reference time and date.

The following individuals were enumerated:

• Those who were present at the time of visit and whose usual place of residence is the housing unit where the household lives.

• Those whose usual place of residence is the place where the household lives but are temporarily away at the time of the census.

• Boarders/lodgers of the household or employees of household-operated businesses who do not usually return/go to their respective homes weekly.

• Overseas workers and who have been away at the time of the census for not more than five years from the date of departure and are expected to be back within five years from the date of last departure.

• Filipino "balikbayans" with usual place of residence in a foreign country but have resided or are expected to reside in the Philippines for at least a year from their arrival.

• Citizens of foreign countries who have resided or are expected to reside in the Philippines for at least a year from their arrival, except members of diplomatic missions and non-Filipino members of international organizations.

• Persons temporarily staying with the household who have no usual place of residence or who are not certain to be enumerated elsewhere.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

In the 2010 CPH, there are basically two types of questionnaires used for the enumeration of household members. These are CPH Form 2 or the Common Household Questionnaire and CPH Form 3 or the Sample Household Questionnaire. CPH Form 3 contains more questions than CPH Form 2.

The 2010 CPH was carried out through a combination of complete enumeration and sampling. For this census, systematic cluster sampling was adopted. This sampling method is designed in such a way that efficient and accurate estimates will be obtained at the city/municipality level.

The sampling rate or the proportion of households to be selected as samples depends on the size of the city/municipality where the Enumeration Area (EA) is located. For the cities/municipalities with estimated number of households of 500 and below, 100 percent sampling rate was used. While for those cities/municipalities with estimated number of households of 501 and above, a sampling rate of 20 percent was implemented.

In this sampling scheme, each city/municipality was treated as a domain. For city/municipality with 100 percent sampling rate, all households in all the EAs within this city/municipality were selected as samples. For those with a 20 percent sampling rate, systematic cluster sampling was adopted. That is, sample selection of one in five clusters with the first cluster selected at random. Thus in effect, the EAs belonging to the city/municipality with 20 percent sampling rate are divided into clusters of size 5. Random start is pre-determined for each EA.

If the sampling rate applied to a city/municipality is 100 percent, it means that all households in that municipality were administered with CPH Form 3. If it is 20 percent, it means that 20 percent of all households used CPH Form 3 while 80 percent used CPH Form 2.

The random start used by EA is a number from 1 to 5 which was used to select the cluster where the first sample households in an EA, and subsequently the other sample households, were included.

Clusters are formed by grouping together households that have been assigned consecutive serial numbers as they were listed in the Listing Booklet. For a 20 percent sampling rate, clusters were formed by grouping together five households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

CPH Form 1 - Listing Booklet This form is a booklet used to list the buildings, housing units, households, and the Institutional Living Quarters (ILQs) within an EA. This form also records other important information such as the name of household heads and name and type of institutions and their addresses, population totals, and counts of males and females.

CPH Form 2 - Common Household Questionnaire This is the basic census questionnaire, which was used to interview and record information about the common or nonsample households. This questionnaire gathered information on the following demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population: relationship to household head, sex, date of birth, age, birth registration, marital status, religion, ethnicity, citizenship, disability, functional difficulty, highest grade/year completed, residence 5 years ago, and overseas worker. It also contains questions on the type of building/house, construction materials of the roof and outer walls, state of repair of the building/house, year the building/house was built, floor area of the housing unit, and tenure status of the lot.

CPH Form 3 - Sample Household Questionnaire This is the basic census questionnaire, which was used to interview and record information about the sample households. This questionnaire contains ALL questions asked in CPH Form 2 PLUS additional population questions: literacy, school attendance, place of school, usual occupation, kind of business or industry, class of worker, place of work, and some items on fertility. Moreover, there are additional questions on household characteristics: fuel for lighting and cooking, source of water supply for drinking and/or cooking and for laundry, and bathing, tenure status of the housing unit, acquisition of the housing unit, source of financing of the housing unit, monthly rental of the housing unit, tenure status of the lot, usual manner of garbage disposal, kind of toilet facility, and land ownership. It also asked questions on the language/dialect generally spoken at home, residence five years from now, and presence of household conveniences/devices, and access to internet.

CPH Form 4 -

As of January 2025, there were over ****** prisoners confined in the New Bilibid Prison in the Philippines. Across educational profile, most prisoners had an elementary educational level, with most of them in the maximum security facility.