According to the 2011 census, the population density in the Indian state of Maharashtra was 365 individuals per square kilometer. Located on the Deccan Plateau, it is the second-most populous state in the country. A steady increase in the population of the state can be attributed to growing urban districts such as Mumbai and Pune, with diverse employment opportunities in several sectors.

India's economic powerhouse

With a contribution of over 22 trillion Indian rupees in the financial year 2017, the state of Maharashtra had the highest gross state domestic product in the country. A per capita income of over 175 thousand Indian rupees was estimated across the state for the preceding year. Based on its economic model, the state was a highly preferred destination for domestic and foreign investments.

The most populous Indian state

Mumbai, the capital city of Maharashtra, was the most populous city after Delhi. As the country's economic core, it serves as the financial and commercial capital while providing numerous job opportunities. Many are attracted to this dream city in search of a lucrative career and to make it big in the world-famous Bollywood film industry.

Census: Population: Maharashtra: Latur data was reported at 382,940.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 299,985.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Maharashtra: Latur data is updated decadal, averaging 38,143.500 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 382,940.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 7,574.000 Person in 03-01-1911. Census: Population: Maharashtra: Latur data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC021: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Maharashtra.

As per the sixth economic census, the suburban Mumbai district had the highest number of persons engaged in non-agricultural establishments at 1,664 thousand in Maharashtra. Non-agricultural establishments are the establishments that engage in activities other than agricultural activities.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Mumbai, India metro area from 1950 to 2025. United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035.

Abstract

Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre Pune has a rich tradition in health care and development being in the forefront of needs-based, issue-driven research over almost 35 years. During the decades of 1980 and 1990 the research at Vadu focused on mother and child with epidemiological and social science research exploring low birth weight, child survival, maternal mortality, safe abortion and domestic violence. The research portfolio has ever since expanded to include adult health and aging, non-communicable and communicable diseases and to clinical trials in recent years. It started with establishment of Health and Demographic Surveillance System at Vadu (HDSS Vadu) in August, 2002 that seeks to establish a quasi-experimental design setting to allow evaluation of impact of health interventions as well as monitor secular trends in diseases, risk factors and health behavior of humans.

The term "demographic surveillance" means to keep close track of the population dynamics. Vadu HDSS deals with keeping track of health issues and demographic changes in Vadu rural health program (VRHP) area. It is one of the most promising projects of national relevance that aims at establishing a quasi-experimental intervention research setting with the following objectives: 1) To create a longitudinal data base for efficient service delivery, future research, and linking all past micro-studies in Vadu area 2) Monitoring trends in public health problems 3) Keeping track of population dynamics 4) Evaluating intervention services

This dataset contains the events of all individuals ever resident during the study period (1 Jan. 2009 to 31 Dec. 2015).

Geographic coverage

Vadu HDSS falls in two administrative blocks: (1) Shirur and (2) Haweli of Pune district in Maharashtra in western India. It covers an area of approximately 232 square kilometers.

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

Vadu HDSS covers as many as 50,000 households having 140,000 population spread across 22 villages.

Kind of data

Event history data

Frequency of data collection

Two rounds per year

Sampling procedure

Vadu area including 22 villages in two administrative blocks is the study area. This area was selected as this is primarily coverage area of Vadu Rural Health Program which is in function since more than four decade. Every individual household is included in HDSS. There is no sampling strategy employed as 100% population coverage in the area is expected.

Mode of data collection

Proxy Respondent [proxy]

Research instrument

Language of communication is in Marath or Hindi. The form labels are multilingual - in English and Marathi, but the data entered through the forms are in English only.

The following forms were used: - Field Worker Checklist Form - The checklist provides a guideline to ensure that all the households are covered during the round and the events occurred in each household are captured. - Enumeration Form: To capture the population details at the start of the HDSS or any addition of villages afterwards. - Pregnancy Form: To capture pregnancy details of women in the age group 15 to 49. - Birth Form: To capture the details of the birth events.
- Inmigration Form: To capture inward population movement from outside the HDSS area and also for movement within the HDSS area. - Outmigration Form: To capture outward population movement from inside the HDSS area and also for movement within the HDSS area. - Death Form: To capture death events.

Cleaning operations

Entered data undergo a data cleaning process. During the cleaning process all error data are either corrected in consultaiton with the data QC team or the respective forms are sent back to the field for re collection of correct data. Data editors have the access to the raw dataset for making necessary editing after corrected data are bought from the field.

For all individuals whose enumeration (ENU), Inmigration (IMG) or Birth (BTH) have occurred before the left censoring date (2009-01-01) and have not outmigrated (OMG) or not died (DTH) before the left censoring date (2009-01-01) are included in the dataset as Enumeration (ENU) with EventDate as the left censored date (2009-01-01). But the actual date of observation of the event (ENU, BTH, IMG) is retained in the dataset as observation date for these left censored ENU events. The individual is dropped from the dataset if their end event (OMG or DTH) is prior to the left censoring date (2009-01-01)

Response rate

On an average the response rate is 99.99% in all rounds over the years.

Sampling error estimates

Not Applicable

Data appraisal

Data is cleaned to an acceptable level against the standard data rules using Pentaho Data Integration Comminity Edition (PDI CE) tool. After the cleaning process, quality metrics were as follows:

CentreId MetricTable QMetric Illegal Legal Total Metric RunDate IN021 MicroDataCleaned Starts 1 301112 301113 0. 2017-05-31 20:06
IN021 MicroDataCleaned Transitions 0 667010 667010 0. 2017-05-31 20:07
IN021 MicroDataCleaned Ends 301113 2017-05-31 20:07
IN021 MicroDataCleaned SexValues 29 666981 667010 0. 2017-05-31 20:07
IN021 MicroDataCleaned DoBValues 575 666435 667010 0. 2017-05-31 20:07

Note: Except lower under five mortality in 2012 and lower adult mortality among females in 2013, all other estimates are fairly within expected range. Data underwent additional review in terms of electronic data capture, data cleaning and management to look for reasons for lower under five mortality rates in 2013 and lower female adult mortality in 2013. The additional review returned marginally higher rates and this supplements the validity of collected data. Further field related review of 2012 and 2013 data are underway and any revisions to published data/figures will be shared at a later stage.

Abstract

The National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) programme, initiated in the early 1990s, has emerged as a nationally important source of data on population, health, and nutrition for India and its states. The 2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), the third in the series of these national surveys, was preceded by NFHS-1 in 1992-93 and NFHS-2 in 1998-99. Like NFHS-1 and NFHS-2, NFHS-3 was designed to provide estimates of important indicators on family welfare, maternal and child health, and nutrition. In addition, NFHS-3 provides information on several new and emerging issues, including family life education, safe injections, perinatal mortality, adolescent reproductive health, high-risk sexual behaviour, tuberculosis, and malaria. Further, unlike the earlier surveys in which only ever-married women age 15-49 were eligible for individual interviews, NFHS-3 interviewed all women age 15-49 and all men age 15-54. Information on nutritional status, including the prevalence of anaemia, is provided in NFHS3 for women age 15-49, men age 15-54, and young children.

A special feature of NFHS-3 is the inclusion of testing of the adult population for HIV. NFHS-3 is the first nationwide community-based survey in India to provide an estimate of HIV prevalence in the general population. Specifically, NFHS-3 provides estimates of HIV prevalence among women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 for all of India, and separately for Uttar Pradesh and for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, and Tamil Nadu, five out of the six states classified by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) as high HIV prevalence states. No estimate of HIV prevalence is being provided for Nagaland, the sixth high HIV prevalence state, due to strong local opposition to the collection of blood samples.

NFHS-3 covered all 29 states in India, which comprise more than 99 percent of India's population. NFHS-3 is designed to provide estimates of key indicators for India as a whole and, with the exception of HIV prevalence, for all 29 states by urban-rural residence. Additionally, NFHS-3 provides estimates for the slum and non-slum populations of eight cities, namely Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai, and Nagpur. NFHS-3 was conducted under the stewardship of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India, and is the result of the collaborative efforts of a large number of organizations. The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, was designated by MOHFW as the nodal agency for the project. Funding for NFHS-3 was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), DFID, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, UNFPA, and MOHFW. Macro International, USA, provided technical assistance at all stages of the NFHS-3 project. NACO and the National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) provided technical assistance for the HIV component of NFHS-3. Eighteen Research Organizations, including six Population Research Centres, shouldered the responsibility of conducting the survey in the different states of India and producing electronic data files.

The survey used a uniform sample design, questionnaires (translated into 18 Indian languages), field procedures, and procedures for biomarker measurements throughout the country to facilitate comparability across the states and to ensure the highest possible data quality. The contents of the questionnaires were decided through an extensive collaborative process in early 2005. Based on provisional data, two national-level fact sheets and 29 state fact sheets that provide estimates of more than 50 key indicators of population, health, family welfare, and nutrition have already been released. The basic objective of releasing fact sheets within a very short period after the completion of data collection was to provide immediate feedback to planners and programme managers on key process indicators.

Geographic coverage

• National (29 states )
• Regional (for HIV Prevalence : Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, and Tamil Nadu)
• Local (population and health indicators for slum and non-slum populations for eight cities, namely Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai, and Nagpur)

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-59

Universe

The population covered by the 2005 DHS is defined as the universe of all ever-married women age 15-49, NFHS-3 included never married women age 15-49 and both ever-married and never married men age 15-54 as eligible respondents.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE SIZE

Since a large number of the key indicators to be estimated from NFHS-3 refer to ever-married women in the reproductive ages of 15-49, the target sample size for each state in NFHS-3 was estimated in terms of the number of ever-married women in the reproductive ages to be interviewed.

The initial target sample size was 4,000 completed interviews with ever-married women in states with a 2001 population of more than 30 million, 3,000 completed interviews with ever-married women in states with a 2001 population between 5 and 30 million, and 1,500 completed interviews with ever-married women in states with a population of less than 5 million. In addition, because of sample-size adjustments required to meet the need for HIV prevalence estimates for the high HIV prevalence states and Uttar Pradesh and for slum and non-slum estimates in eight selected cities, the sample size in some states was higher than that fixed by the above criteria. The target sample was increased for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh to permit the calculation of reliable HIV prevalence estimates for each of these states. The sample size in Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal was increased to allow separate estimates for slum and non-slum populations in the cities of Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Mumbai, Meerut, and Nagpur.

The target sample size for HIV tests was estimated on the basis of the assumed HIV prevalence rate, the design effect of the sample, and the acceptable level of precision. With an assumed level of HIV prevalence of 1.25 percent and a 15 percent relative standard error, the estimated sample size was 6,400 HIV tests each for men and women in each of the high HIV prevalence states. At the national level, the assumed level of HIV prevalence of less than 1 percent (0.92 percent) and less than a 5 percent relative standard error yielded a target of 125,000 HIV tests at the national level.

Blood was collected for HIV testing from all consenting ever-married and never married women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 in all sample households in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh. All women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 in the sample households were eligible for interviewing in all of these states plus Nagaland. In the remaining 22 states, all ever-married and never married women age 15-49 in sample households were eligible to be interviewed. In those 22 states, men age 15-54 were eligible to be interviewed in only a subsample of households. HIV tests for women and men were carried out in only a subsample of the households that were selected for men's interviews in those 22 states. The reason for this sample design is that the required number of HIV tests is determined by the need to calculate HIV prevalence at the national level and for some states, whereas the number of individual interviews is determined by the need to provide state level estimates for attitudinal and behavioural indicators in every state. For statistical reasons, it is not possible to estimate HIV prevalence in every state from NFHS-3 as the number of tests required for estimating HIV prevalence reliably in low HIV prevalence states would have been very large.

SAMPLE DESIGN

The urban and rural samples within each state were drawn separately and, to the extent possible, unless oversampling was required to permit separate estimates for urban slum and non-slum areas, the sample within each state was allocated proportionally to the size of the state's urban and rural populations. A uniform sample design was adopted in all states. In each state, the rural sample was selected in two stages, with the selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), which are villages, with probability proportional to population size (PPS) at the first stage, followed by the random selection of households within each PSU in the second stage. In urban areas, a three-stage procedure was followed. In the first stage, wards were selected with PPS sampling. In the next stage, one census enumeration block (CEB) was randomly selected from each sample ward. In the final stage, households were randomly selected within each selected CEB.

SAMPLE SELECTION IN RURAL AREAS

In rural areas, the 2001 Census list of villages served as the sampling frame. The list was stratified by a number of variables. The first level of stratification was geographic, with districts being subdivided into contiguous regions. Within each of these regions, villages were further stratified using selected variables from the following list: village size, percentage of males working in the nonagricultural sector, percentage of the population belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes, and female literacy. In addition to these variables, an external estimate of HIV prevalence, i.e., 'High', 'Medium' or 'Low', as estimated for all the districts in high HIV prevalence states, was used for stratification in high HIV prevalence states. Female literacy was used for implicit stratification (i.e., villages were