In 2023, Switzerland led the ranking of countries with the highest average wealth per adult, with approximately ******* U.S. dollars per person. Luxembourg was ranked second with an average wealth of around ******* U.S. dollars per adult, followed by Hong Kong SAR. However, the figures do not show the actual distribution of wealth. The Gini index shows wealth disparities in countries worldwide. Does wealth guarantee a longer life? As the old adage goes, “money can’t buy you happiness”, yet wealth and income are continuously correlated to the quality of life of individuals in different countries around the world. While greater levels of wealth may not guarantee a higher quality of life, it certainly increases an individual’s chances of having a longer one. Although they do not show the whole picture, life expectancy at birth is higher in the wealthier world regions. Does money bring happiness? A number of the world’s happiest nations also feature in the list of those countries for which average income was highest. Finland, however, which was the happiest country worldwide in 2022, is missing from the list of the top twenty countries with the highest wealth per adult. As such, the explanation for this may be the fact that the larger proportion of the population has access to a high income relative to global levels. Measures of quality of life Criticism of the use of income or wealth as a proxy for quality of life led to the creation of the United Nations’ Human Development Index. Although income is included within the index, it also has other factors taken into account, such as health and education. As such, the countries with the highest human development index can be correlated to those with the highest income levels. That said, none of the above measures seek to assess the physical and mental environmental impact of a high quality of life sourced through high incomes. The happy planet index demonstrates that the inclusion of experienced well-being and ecological footprint in place of income and other proxies for quality of life results in many of the world’s materially poorer nations being included in the happiest.

In 2022, Zimbabwe was ranked as the most miserable country in the world with a misery index score of 414.7. Venezuela ranked second with an index score of 330.8.

Quality of life around the world The misery index was created by the economist Arthur Okun in the 1960s. The index is calculated by adding the unemployment rate, the lending rate and the inflation rate minus percent change of GDP per capita.

Another famous tool used for the comparison of development of countries around the world is the Human Development Index, which takes into account such factors as life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, education level and gross national income (GNI) per capita.

Better economic conditions correlate with higher quality of life

Economic conditions affect the life expectancy, which is much higher in the wealthiest regions. With a life expectancy of 85 years, Japan led the ranking of countries with the highest life expectancy in 2020. On the other hand, Lesotho was the country with the lowest life expectancy, where men were expected to live 50 years as of 2022.

The Global Liveability Index ranks the quality of life in cities around the world, basing on political, social, economic and environmental aspects, such as personal safety and health, education and transport services and other public services. In 2022, Vienna was ranked as the city with the highest quality of life worldwide.

In the build up to the Second World War, the United States was the major power with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the world. In 1938, the United States also had the highest overall GDP in the world, and by a significant margin, however differences in GDP per person were much smaller. Switzerland In terms of countries that played a notable economic role in the war, the neutral country of Switzerland had the highest GDP per capita in the world. A large part of this was due to the strength of Switzerland's financial system. Most major currencies abandoned the gold standard early in the Great Depression, however the Swiss Franc remained tied to it until late 1936. This meant that it was the most stable, freely convertible currency available as the world recovered from the Depression, and other major powers of the time sold large amounts of gold to Swiss banks in order to trade internationally. Switzerland was eventually surrounded on all sides by Axis territories and lived under the constant threat of invasion in the war's early years, however Swiss strategic military planning and economic leverage made an invasion potentially more expensive than it was worth. Switzerland maintained its neutrality throughout the war, trading with both sides, although its financial involvement in the Holocaust remains a point of controversy. Why look at GDP per capita? While overall GDP is a stronger indicator of a state's ability to fund its war effort, GDP per capita is more useful in giving context to a country's economic power in relation to its size and providing an insight into living standards and wealth distribution across societies. For example, Germany and the USSR had fairly similar GDPs in 1938, whereas Germany's per capita GDP was more than double that of the Soviet Union. Germany was much more industrialized and technologically advanced than the USSR, and its citizens generally had a greater quality of life. However these factors did not guarantee victory - the fact that the Soviet Union could better withstand the war of attrition and call upon its larger population to replenish its forces greatly contributed to its eventual victory over Germany in 1945.

This layer contains Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Per Capita - the total value of goods produced and services provided, divided by the total population in each country, from 1960 to 2016, expressed in 2016 US Dollars. Expressing the GDP in "per capita" terms allows for better comparisons across countries. Total GDP is available in an accompanying layer. GDP as a measure has been largely criticized as an incomplete measure of productivity and wealth, as it does not take into account production in the informal economy, quality of life, degradation to the environment, or income distribution. However, GDP is an internationally comparable measure, used in everything from banks setting interest rates to political campaign speeches.Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators.

This map contains Gross Domestic Product - the total value of goods produced and services provided - by country, per capita in 2016, expressed in 2016 US Dollars. Expressing the GDP in "per capita" terms allows for better comparisons across countries. Total GDP is available in an accompanying map. GDP as a measure has been largely criticized as an incomplete measure of productivity and wealth, as it does not take into account production in the informal economy, quality of life, degradation to the environment, or income distribution. However, GDP is an internationally comparable measure, used in everything from banks setting interest rates to political campaign speeches.Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators.

In 2024, the U.S. GDP increased from the previous year to about 29.18 trillion U.S. dollars. Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within a country. In 2024, the United States has the largest economy in the world. What is GDP? Gross domestic product is one of the most important indicators used to analyze the health of an economy. GDP is defined by the BEA as the market value of goods and services produced by labor and property in the United States, regardless of nationality. It is the primary measure of U.S. production. The OECD defines GDP as an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident, institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs). GDP and national debt Although the United States had the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world in 2022, this does not tell us much about the quality of life in any given country. GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) is an economic measurement that is thought to be a better method for comparing living standards across countries because it accounts for domestic inflation and variations in the cost of living. While the United States might have the largest economy, the country that ranked highest in terms of GDP at PPP was Luxembourg, amounting to around 141,333 international dollars per capita. Singapore, Ireland, and Qatar also ranked highly on the GDP PPP list, and the United States ranked 9th in 2022.

BackgroundAssessment of the quality of life (QoL) among healthcare workers (HCWs) is vital for better healthcare and is an essential indicator for competent health service delivery. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic strike, the frontline position of HCWs subjected them to tremendous mental and psychological burden with a high risk of virus acquisition.AimThis study evaluated the QoL and its influencing factors among HCWs residing in the Arab countries.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered online questionnaire based on the World Health Organization QoL-BREF instrument with additional questions related to COVID-19. The study was conducted in three different languages (Arabic, English, and French) across 19 Arab countries between February 22 and March 24, 2022.ResultsA total of 3,170 HCWs were included in the survey. The majority were females (75.3%), aged 18–40 years (76.4%), urban residents (90.4%), married (54.5%), and were living in middle-income countries (72.0%). The mean scores of general health and general QoL were 3.7 ± 1.0 and 3.7 ± 0.9, respectively. Those who attained average physical, psychological, social, and environmental QoL were 40.8, 15.4, 26.2, and 22.3%, respectively. The income per capita and country income affected the mean scores of all QoL domains. Previous COVID-19 infection, having relatives who died of COVID-19, and being vaccinated against COVID-19 significantly affected the mean scores of different domains.ConclusionA large proportion of the Arab HCWs evaluated in this study had an overall poor QoL. More attention should be directed to this vulnerable group to ensure their productivity and service provision.

ObjectiveTo investigate 20-year trends and disparities in quality of life among older adults in China from 1998 to 2018.MethodsOur study was based on eight representative nationwide health surveys among older adults conducted in China from 1998 to 2018. Quality of life data were obtained from 91,993 individuals aged 65 years or above. All surveys included identical indicators of self-reported quality of life, demographic factors, socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits, and health status. The trends in the standardized prevalence of poor quality of life from 1998 to 2018 were examined by locally weighted scatterplot smoothing regression (LOWESS) analysis. We assessed the prevalence of poor quality of life and its related factors by logistic regression models after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe prevalence of poor quality of life was 38.2% (95% CI: 37.9–38.5%). The trends of poor quality of life showed an inverted “U” shape, that the prevalence increased from 27.8% in 1998 to 43.6% in 2008, and then decreased from 39.2% in 2011 to 32.1% in 2018. Disparities in the prevalence of poor quality of life were exacerbating among participants with low or moderate household income per capita and participants with high household income per capita from 1998 to 2018. After controlling potential confounders, living in rural areas, aged below 80 years, unmarried, living alone, low household income, current smoker, poor dietary diversity, never participating in organized social activities, with chronic diseases, functional disability, poor self-reported health, and unhealthy psychological status were risk factors related with poor quality of life in the multivariate model (all p < 0.05).ConclusionDuring the past two decades, poor quality of life in Chinese older adults showed an inverted “U” trend from 1998 to 2018 that the prevalence of poor quality of life peaked in 2008 and declined since China's deepening health system reform in 2009. However, disparities in the poor quality of life were exacerbating among participants with different socioeconomic statuses. Strengthening the health system is of great importance in improving the quality of life. More efforts are needed to reduce the disparities in the quality of life among the population at the different socioeconomic levels.

UNDP first published the Human Development Report in 1990 in collaboration with economist Mehboob Haque, who is credited as the promoter of the HDI Index. The most important aspects of the HDI Index are longevity, healthy living, educational attainment, and quality of life as well as other important factors such as political independence, human rights, and self-respect. UNDP's Human Development Report is a combination of three principles. That is.
1) Life expectancy at birth.
2) Level of education. (Rate of adult education, rate of primary, secondary, higher education)
3) The standard of living. (GDP per capita based on USD)
The HDI index is averaged based on the maximum and minimum values of these three elements. According to the report, India was ranked 126th in the HDI Index in 2006. In 2008, Maxine Olson, UNDP Representative in India, and Motek Singh Ahluwalia, Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, published the Human Development Report in Delhi, in which India was ranked 128th (Value 0.619). Compared to 2006, India has slipped two places.

Consolidated Open Source Global Development Dataset (COSGDD)

Executive Summary

Motivation

Welcome to the Consolidated Open Source Global Development Dataset (COSGDD)!

The Consolidated Open Source Global Development Dataset (COSGDD) was created to address the growing need for accessible, consolidated, and diverse global datasets for education, research, and policy-making. By combining data from publicly available, open-source datasets, COSGDD provides a one-stop resource for analyzing key socio-economic, environmental, and governance indicators across the globe.

Streamlit Dashboard Link (The LIME explanation graph will take time to load) - https://cosgdd.streamlit.app/ Github Code Repo Link - https://github.com/AkhilByteWrangler/Consolidated-Open-Source-Global-Development-Dataset

Overview

Imagine having a magical map of the world that shows you not just the roads and mountains but also how happy people are, how much money they make, how clean the air is, and how fair their governments are. This dataset is that magical map - but in the form of organized data!

It combines facts and figures from trusted sources to help researchers, governments, companies, and YOU understand how the world works and how to make it better.

Why Does This Dataset Exist?

The world is complicated. Happiness doesn’t depend on just one thing like money; it’s also about health, fairness, relationships, and even how clean the air is. But these pieces of the puzzle are scattered across many places. This dataset brings everything together in one place, making it easier to:
- Answer big questions like:
- What makes people happy?
- Is wealth or freedom more important for well-being?
- How does urbanization affect happiness?
- Find patterns and trends across countries.
- Make smart decisions based on real-world data.

Who Should Use This Dataset?

This dataset is for anyone curious about the world, including:
- Researchers: Study connections between happiness, governance, and sustainability.
- Policy Makers: Design better policies to improve quality of life.
- Data Enthusiasts: Explore trends and patterns using statistics or machine learning.
- Businesses: Understand societal needs to improve Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).

Description of Data

This dataset consolidates data from well-established sources such as the World Happiness Report, The Economist Democracy Index, environmental databases, and more. It includes engineered features to deepen understanding of well-being and sustainability.

Core Features

• Happiness Metrics:
  • Life Ladder: Self-reported happiness scores.
• Economic Indicators:
  • Log GDP per capita: Log-transformed measure of wealth.
  • Tax Revenue: Government revenue as a share of GDP.
• Social Indicators:
  • Social support: Proportion of people with reliable social networks.
  • Freedom to make life choices: Self-reported freedom levels.
• Environmental Metrics:
  • Total Emissions: Aggregated greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Renewables Production: Share of renewable energy production.
• Governance Indicators:
  • Democracy_Index: Quantitative measure of democratic governance.
  • Rule_of_Law_Index: Assessment of the legal system’s strength.
• Engineered Features:
  • Freedom_Index: Combines wealth and freedom.
  • Generosity_Per_Dollar: Normalized generosity against GDP.
  • Environmental_Bonus: Evaluates environmental efficiency relative to economic output.
  • See full documentation for more.

Core Columns

1. Country

• Unit: Country name as a string.
• Source: Sourced from all contributing datasets (e.g., World Happiness Report, UN datasets).
• Significance:
  Identifies the geographic region for the data. Essential for country-specific analyses, comparisons, and aggregations.

2. Year

• Unit: Year as an integer (e.g., 2024).
• Source: Included across all datasets.
• Significance:
  Indicates the time frame of the data. Vital for studying trends, changes over time, and time-series modeling.

Happiness Metrics

3. Life Ladder

• Unit: Scale from 0 (worst possible life) to 10 (best possible life).
• Source: World Happiness Report.
• Significance:
  Captures subjective well-being based on self-reported happiness. A central measure for studying the quality of life globally.

4. Log GDP per Capita

• Unit: Logarithmic transformation of GDP per capita in constant international dollars.
• Source: World Happiness Report, based on World Bank data.
• Significance:
  Provides a no...

By the middle of the 1990s, Indonesia had enjoyed over three decades of remarkable social, economic, and demographic change and was on the cusp of joining the middle-income countries. Per capita income had risen more than fifteenfold since the early 1960s, from around US$50 to more than US$800. Increases in educational attainment and decreases in fertility and infant mortality over the same period reflected impressive investments in infrastructure. In the late 1990s the economic outlook began to change as Indonesia was gripped by the economic crisis that affected much of Asia. In 1998 the rupiah collapsed, the economy went into a tailspin, and gross domestic product contracted by an estimated 12-15%-a decline rivaling the magnitude of the Great Depression. The general trend of several decades of economic progress followed by a few years of economic downturn masks considerable variation across the archipelago in the degree both of economic development and of economic setbacks related to the crisis. In part this heterogeneity reflects the great cultural and ethnic diversity of Indonesia, which in turn makes it a rich laboratory for research on a number of individual- and household-level behaviors and outcomes that interest social scientists. The Indonesia Family Life Survey is designed to provide data for studying behaviors and outcomes. The survey contains a wealth of information collected at the individual and household levels, including multiple indicators of economic and non-economic well-being: consumption, income, assets, education, migration, labor market outcomes, marriage, fertility, contraceptive use, health status, use of health care and health insurance, relationships among co-resident and non- resident family members, processes underlying household decision-making, transfers among family members and participation in community activities. In addition to individual- and household-level information, the IFLS provides detailed information from the communities in which IFLS households are located and from the facilities that serve residents of those communities. These data cover aspects of the physical and social environment, infrastructure, employment opportunities, food prices, access to health and educational facilities, and the quality and prices of services available at those facilities. By linking data from IFLS households to data from their communities, users can address many important questions regarding the impact of policies on the lives of the respondents, as well as document the effects of social, economic, and environmental change on the population. The Indonesia Family Life Survey complements and extends the existing survey data available for Indonesia, and for developing countries in general, in a number of ways. First, relatively few large-scale longitudinal surveys are available for developing countries. IFLS is the only large-scale longitudinal survey available for Indonesia. Because data are available for the same individuals from multiple points in time, IFLS affords an opportunity to understand the dynamics of behavior, at the individual, household and family and community levels. In IFLS1 7,224 households were interviewed, and detailed individual-level data were collected from over 22,000 individuals. In IFLS2, 94.4% of IFLS1 households were re-contacted (interviewed or died). In IFLS3 the re-contact rate was 95.3% of IFLS1 households. Indeed nearly 91% of IFLS1 households are complete panel households in that they were interviewed in all three waves, IFLS1, 2 and 3. These re-contact rates are as high as or higher than most longitudinal surveys in the United States and Europe. High re-interview rates were obtained in part because we were committed to tracking and interviewing individuals who had moved or split off from the origin IFLS1 households. High re-interview rates contribute significantly to data quality in a longitudinal survey because they lessen the risk of bias due to nonrandom attrition in studies using the data. Second, the multipurpose nature of IFLS instruments means that the data support analyses of interrelated issues not possible with single-purpose surveys. For example, the availability of data on household consumption together with detailed individual data on labor market outcomes, health outcomes and on health program availability and quality at the community level means that one can examine the impact of income on health outcomes, but also whether health in turn affects incomes. Third, IFLS collected both current and retrospective information on most topics. With data from multiple points of time on current status and an extensive array of retrospective information about the lives of respondents, analysts can relate dynamics to events that occurred in the past. For example, changes in labor outcomes in recent years can be explored as a function of earlier decisions about schooling and work. Fourth, IFLS collected extensive measures of health status, including self-reported measures of general health status, morbidity experience, and physical assessments conducted by a nurse (height, weight, head circumference, blood pressure, pulse, waist and hip circumference, hemoglobin level, lung capacity, and time required to repeatedly rise from a sitting position). These data provide a much richer picture of health status than is typically available in household surveys. For example, the data can be used to explore relationships between socioeconomic status and an array of health outcomes. Fifth, in all waves of the survey, detailed data were collected about respondents¹ communities and public and private facilities available for their health care and schooling. The facility data can be combined with household and individual data to examine the relationship between, for example, access to health services (or changes in access) and various aspects of health care use and health status. Sixth, because the waves of IFLS span the period from several years before the economic crisis hit Indonesia, to just prior to it hitting, to one year and then three years after, extensive research can be carried out regarding the living conditions of Indonesian households during this very tumultuous period. In sum, the breadth and depth of the longitudinal information on individuals, households, communities, and facilities make IFLS data a unique resource for scholars and policymakers interested in the processes of economic development.

The aim of the Human Development Report is to stimulate global, regional and national policy-relevant discussions on issues pertinent to human development. Accordingly, the data in the Report require the highest standards of data quality, consistency, international comparability and transparency. The Human Development Report Office (HDRO) fully subscribes to the Principles governing international statistical activities.

The HDI was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone. The HDI can also be used to question national policy choices, asking how two countries with the same level of GNI per capita can end up with different human development outcomes. These contrasts can stimulate debate about government policy priorities. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.

The 2019 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) data shed light on the number of people experiencing poverty at regional, national and subnational levels, and reveal inequalities across countries and among the poor themselves.Jointly developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) at the University of Oxford, the 2019 global MPI offers data for 101 countries, covering 76 percent of the global population. The MPI provides a comprehensive and in-depth picture of global poverty – in all its dimensions – and monitors progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 – to end poverty in all its forms. It also provides policymakers with the data to respond to the call of Target 1.2, which is to ‘reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women, and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definition'.

The senior living market is experiencing robust growth, driven by an aging global population and increasing demand for assisted living and independent senior living options. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $350 billion, reflecting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 7% between 2019 and 2025. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the significant rise in the number of individuals aged 65 and above globally is creating a substantial increase in the target demographic. Secondly, changing societal attitudes towards aging and increased awareness of the benefits of specialized senior care are driving demand. Thirdly, advancements in healthcare technologies and the provision of innovative senior living services are enhancing the quality of life for residents and attracting more people to these options. The market is segmented by age group (Below 65, 65-75, 76-85, Above 85) and type of living arrangement (Assisted Living, Independent Senior Living), with assisted living currently dominating but independent living exhibiting strong growth potential. Geographic variations exist, with North America and Europe currently holding the largest market shares, reflecting higher per capita incomes and established senior living infrastructures. However, Asia Pacific is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years due to rapid economic development and a burgeoning elderly population in countries like China and India. While increased operating costs and regulatory hurdles pose challenges, the long-term outlook for the senior living market remains exceptionally positive. Despite the promising outlook, the sector faces constraints. Rising labor costs, stringent regulatory compliance requirements, and the need for substantial capital investment in infrastructure represent considerable hurdles. Competition among established players is intense, requiring continuous innovation and differentiation to maintain market share. The industry needs to adapt to evolving resident preferences, including a growing demand for personalized care and technologically integrated services. Furthermore, addressing concerns around affordability and ensuring accessibility for a broader range of income levels is crucial for the sector's continued growth and societal impact. The successful companies within this space will be those that effectively navigate these challenges while embracing technological advancements and meeting the diverse needs of an aging population. The forecast period (2025-2033) will likely see further consolidation within the sector, with larger companies acquiring smaller providers to expand their market reach and optimize operations.

Breast Implants Market Outlook

The global breast implants market size was valued at USD 1.5 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 2.45 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.8% over the forecast period. The market's growth is primarily driven by increasing demand for aesthetic procedures and advancements in medical technology. Factors such as rising disposable incomes, greater societal acceptance of cosmetic procedures, and an increasing number of breast cancer survivors opting for reconstructive surgeries are contributing significantly to the market's expansion.

One major growth factor for the breast implants market is the increasing awareness and acceptance of cosmetic surgeries worldwide. Social media and celebrity endorsements have made aesthetic procedures more mainstream, reducing the stigma that was formerly associated with them. This growing acceptance can be seen across various age groups, particularly among young adults and middle-aged women, who are more open to undergoing procedures that improve their physical appearance. Additionally, advancements in implant materials and surgical techniques have made these procedures safer and more effective, further boosting their popularity.

Technological advancements have also played a crucial role in driving the market. Innovations such as structured implants, which combine the benefits of saline and silicone implants, and the introduction of gummy bear implants, known for their form-stable characteristics, have significantly enhanced the options available to patients. These advancements not only improve the aesthetic outcomes but also reduce the risk of complications, thereby increasing patient confidence and satisfaction. Medical professionals are now better equipped than ever to offer customized solutions that meet the unique needs of each patient, further driving the market growth.

The rise in breast cancer incidences has also necessitated the demand for reconstructive surgeries, thereby acting as a significant growth driver for the breast implants market. With advancements in early detection and treatment methods, the survival rate of breast cancer patients has improved significantly. Many of these survivors opt for reconstructive surgeries to regain their confidence and quality of life, thereby fueling the demand for breast implants. Additionally, various government and non-profit organizations are running awareness campaigns and providing financial assistance for reconstructive surgeries, further propelling market growth.

Cosmetics Implants have become an integral part of the aesthetic enhancement industry, offering individuals a wide range of options to achieve their desired appearance. These implants are designed to enhance various body parts, including the breasts, and are crafted from materials that ensure safety and longevity. The growing popularity of cosmetic implants can be attributed to advancements in medical technology, which have made these procedures more accessible and safer than ever before. As societal norms continue to evolve, more people are embracing cosmetic implants as a means to boost their confidence and self-esteem. The industry is witnessing a surge in demand, driven by both technological innovations and a shift in consumer attitudes towards body enhancement.

From a regional perspective, North America holds the largest share of the breast implants market, driven by high per capita income, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and a high prevalence of cosmetic procedures. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period due to increasing disposable incomes, rising awareness about cosmetic surgeries, and improving healthcare infrastructure in countries like China and India. Europe also represents a significant market, driven by high demand for aesthetic procedures in countries like the UK, Germany, and France.

Product Analysis

The breast implants market is segmented into various products, including silicone implants, saline implants, structured implants, gummy bear implants, round implants, smooth implants, and textured implants. Silicone implants hold a significant share of the market, primarily due to their natural feel and appearance, which are highly preferred by patients. Despite being more expensive than saline implants, their superior aesthetic outcomes make them a popular choice among individuals seeking breast augmentation or reconstruction. Additionally, technological advancemen

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to characterize household sociodemographic and economic patterns of different living arrangements of families with older adults in Brazil and their relationship with income and out-of-pocket health expenditure. Data were extracted from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey (POF, in Portuguese) database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Families with older adults represented 28% of all families, being smaller and having higher average income when compared to families without older adults. Older adults were head of the household in 85% of the families, with income based mainly on social protection policies. The families with older adult or couple as head of the household had significantly higher average monthly income. The proportion of out-of-pocket health expenditure per income quintile per capita was higher for families with one older adult or couple as head of the household, when compared to families without older adult as head of the household and even more in families without older adults at all. These findings allow the identification of potential positive impacts on the quality of life of families with older adults in Brazil. The higher household income of families with older adults is a consequence of the expansion of inclusive social protection policies for this population in the 2000s in Brazil, especially for families with lower average income levels, representing 4/5 of this population. The economic and political crisis in the 2010s have probably reduced these families’ relative advantage, and this study will compare with results of the next survey.

Abstract Objective The objective was to analyze the occurrence and the associated factors with food insecurity and overweight among government-backed economy restaurant workers in one of the biggest cities in Brazil. Methods A sample comprised of 180 individuals and represented 76.0% of all economy restaurant workers in the city of Belo Horizonte. Food insecurity was identified through the Brazilian Food Security Scale, and excess weight was identified by the body mass index. Data collection included sociodemographic and occupational information, and also health and quality of life perception. Logistic regression models were applied to identify the association. Results Food insecurity and overweight prevalence levels were 24.0% and 66.7%, respectively. The odds of identifying food insecurity were 2.34 times higher among workers that perceived their quality of life to be regular/poor/very poor and 62.0% and 74.0% lower among workers from the 2nd and 3rd tertile of per capita income, respectively. Individuals ≥40 years old (Odds Ratio=2.69, Confidence Interval 95%:1.33-5.43) and food handlers (Odds Ratio=3.62, Confidence Interval 95%:1.68-7.81) had higher odds of being classified as overweight compared to reference categories. Workers with higher per capita income presented lower odds of being classified as overweight (Odds Ratio=0.40, Confidence Interval 95%:0.17-0,96). Conclusion It was evidenced an occurrence of overweight among government-backed economy restaurant workers, which was associated with age, income and job position. Food insecurity prevalence was associated with income and quality of life perception. Although the sample work in a food and nutritional security promotion program, it is necessary to recommend actions aimed at the promotion of healthy eating habits.

The aim of the Human Development Report is to stimulate global, regional and national policy-relevant discussions on issues pertinent to human development. Accordingly, the data in the Report require the highest standards of data quality, consistency, international comparability and transparency. The Human Development Report Office (HDRO) fully subscribes to the Principles governing international statistical activities.

The HDI was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone. The HDI can also be used to question national policy choices, asking how two countries with the same level of GNI per capita can end up with different human development outcomes. These contrasts can stimulate debate about government policy priorities. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.

The 2019 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) data shed light on the number of people experiencing poverty at regional, national and subnational levels, and reveal inequalities across countries and among the poor themselves.Jointly developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) at the University of Oxford, the 2019 global MPI offers data for 101 countries, covering 76 percent of the global population. The MPI provides a comprehensive and in-depth picture of global poverty – in all its dimensions – and monitors progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 – to end poverty in all its forms. It also provides policymakers with the data to respond to the call of Target 1.2, which is to ‘reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women, and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definition'.

Milk And Dairy Products Market Outlook

The global milk and dairy products market size was estimated to be USD 720 billion in 2023, and with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2%, it is expected to reach approximately USD 1,092 billion by 2032. This growth is primarily driven by increasing consumer awareness regarding the nutritional benefits of dairy products and rising disposable incomes, particularly in developing regions.

One major factor contributing to the growth of the milk and dairy products market is the rising health consciousness among consumers. As more people become aware of the health benefits associated with dairy consumption, such as improved bone health due to the high calcium content, there is a significant uptick in the demand for these products. Additionally, dairy products are a rich source of essential nutrients like proteins, vitamins, and minerals, making them a staple in many diets worldwide. This growing awareness is encouraging consumers to include more dairy products in their daily diets, further propelling market growth.

Another critical growth factor is the increasing urbanization and changing lifestyles. In rapidly urbanizing regions, there is a shift towards more convenient and ready-to-consume food options, which often include dairy products like yogurt, cheese, and packaged milk. Moreover, the busy lifestyles of urban dwellers have led to an increased preference for on-the-go dairy snacks. This shift in consumer behavior is fueling the demand for a variety of dairy products, ranging from traditional milk to value-added products like flavored yogurts and cheese sticks.

The expansion of dairy processing industries and technological advancements in dairy farming are also significant contributors to market growth. Innovations in dairy technology have led to improved production processes, better quality control, and extended shelf life of dairy products. Additionally, advancements in dairy farming practices, such as enhanced breeding techniques and better feed quality, have resulted in higher milk yields and more efficient dairy production. These technological developments are enabling producers to meet the growing demand and maintain a steady supply of high-quality dairy products.

Milk Receivers play a pivotal role in the dairy supply chain, acting as the initial point of contact for raw milk collected from farms. These professionals are responsible for ensuring the quality and safety of milk before it enters the processing phase. By maintaining stringent quality checks and adhering to safety protocols, Milk Receivers help in preserving the integrity of the dairy products that eventually reach consumers. Their expertise in handling and testing milk is crucial in preventing contamination and ensuring that only the highest quality milk is processed. This role is becoming increasingly important as the demand for dairy products continues to rise, necessitating efficient and reliable milk collection systems.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region is expected to exhibit the highest growth rate due to the large population base and increasing disposable incomes. Additionally, the growing middle class in countries like China and India is driving demand for premium and value-added dairy products. North America and Europe also play significant roles in the market, primarily driven by high per capita consumption and the presence of established dairy processing industries. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, while smaller in market size, are experiencing steady growth owing to improving economic conditions and increasing dairy consumption.

Product Type Analysis

The milk and dairy products market can be segmented by product type into milk, cheese, butter, yogurt, cream, and others. Milk remains the largest segment, driven by its status as a daily staple in many households around the world. The demand for milk is consistently high due to its versatility and nutritional benefits. Moreover, innovations such as lactose-free milk and fortified milk with added vitamins and minerals cater to health-conscious consumers and those with dietary restrictions, further boosting the market.

Cheese is another significant segment within the dairy market, characterized by a wide variety of products ranging from soft cheeses like mozzarella to hard cheeses like parmesan. The increasing popularity of Western cuisines in emerging markets has led to a surge in cheese consumption

Allocating healthcare resources in developing countries like Pakistan is constrained by economic limitations and uneven distribution. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for one additional Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) among the general population in Pakistan to establish contextually relevant thresholds for health technology assessment (HTA). We conducted a cross-sectional survey using the convenient sampling technique to estimate the WTP for one additional QALY among the general population of Pakistan. The contingent valuation method (CVM) using the payment card technique was used to assess its monetary value. A total of 600 participants participated in the survey and resulted in 1200 WTP responses for further analysis. The mean WTP/QALY was 114,006.4 Pakistani rupee (PKR) (United States Dollar 410.11), equivalent to 0.29 times Pakistan’s GDP per capita. The WTP/QALY for the quality-of-life improvement scenario was lower than the life-extension scenario. The two-part regression model showed that higher education and income were positively associated with WTP value. This study provides empirical evidence of the monetary value of one additional QALY from a sample of the Pakistani population. These findings highlight country-specific cost-effectiveness benchmarks, and incorporating WTP insights into the healthcare policy for better resource allocation, affordability, and long-term sustainability of the interventions

This layer contains Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Per Capita - the total value of goods produced and services provided, divided by the total population in each country, from 1960 to 2016, expressed in 2016 US Dollars. Expressing the GDP in "per capita" terms allows for better comparisons across countries. Total GDP is available in an accompanying layer. GDP as a measure has been largely criticized as an incomplete measure of productivity and wealth, as it does not take into account production in the informal economy, quality of life, degradation to the environment, or income distribution. However, GDP is an internationally comparable measure, used in everything from banks setting interest rates to political campaign speeches.Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators.